White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants (eBook, ePUB)
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White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants (eBook, ePUB)
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New edition covers the latest practices, regulations, and alternative disinfectants Since the publication of the Fourth Edition of White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants more than ten years ago, the water industry has made substantial advances in their understanding and application of chlorine, hypochlorite, and alternative disinfectants for water and wastewater treatment. This Fifth Edition, with its extensive updates and revisions, reflects the current state of the science as well as the latest practices. Balancing theory with practice, the Fifth Edition covers such…mehr
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New edition covers the latest practices, regulations, and alternative disinfectants Since the publication of the Fourth Edition of White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants more than ten years ago, the water industry has made substantial advances in their understanding and application of chlorine, hypochlorite, and alternative disinfectants for water and wastewater treatment. This Fifth Edition, with its extensive updates and revisions, reflects the current state of the science as well as the latest practices. Balancing theory with practice, the Fifth Edition covers such important topics as: * Advances in the use of UV and ozone as disinfectants * Alternative disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide, iodine, and bromine-related products * Advanced oxidation processes for drinking water and wastewater treatment * New developments and information for the production and handling of chlorine * Latest regulations governing the use of different disinfectants For each disinfectant, the book explains its chemistry, effectiveness, dosing, equipment, and system design requirements. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each disinfectant are clearly set forth. References at the end of each chapter guide readers to the primary literature for further investigation. Authored and reviewed by leading experts in the field of water and wastewater treatment, this Fifth Edition remains an ideal reference for utilities, regulators, engineers, and plant operators who need current information on the disinfection of potable water, wastewater, industrial water, and swimming pools.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 1104
- Erscheinungstermin: 20. September 2011
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118210550
- Artikelnr.: 37344926
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 1104
- Erscheinungstermin: 20. September 2011
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118210550
- Artikelnr.: 37344926
Black & Veatch Corporation, founded in 1915, is a leading global engineering, consulting, and construction company, providing clients with reliable solutions to complex challenges and helping improve the quality of life around the world.
Preface xxvii Authors xxix List of Contributors and Reviewers xxxi List of Abbreviations xxxiii Acknowledgments xxxix 1 Chlorine: History, Manufacture, Properties, Hazards, and Uses 1 2 Chemistry of Aqueous Chlorine 68 3 Determination of Chlorine Residuals in Water and Wastewater Treatment 174 4 Chlorination of Potable Water 230 5 Chlorination of Wastewater 326 6 Disinfection of Wastewater 363 7 Chlorine Contact Basin Design 404 8 Chlorine Feed Systems 418 9 Hypochlorination--Sodium Hypochlorite 452 10 On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation System 528 11 Dechlorination 572 12 Process Controls for Chlorination and Dechlorination 594 13 Operation and Maintenance 678 14 Chlorine Dioxide 700 15 Ozone 767 16 Bromine, Bromine Chloride, BCDMH, and Iodine 848 17 Ultraviolet Light 893 18 Advanced Oxidation Processes 976 Appendix 1003 Index 1009
Preface. Authors. List of Contributors and Reviewers. List of
Abbreviations. Acknowledgments. 1 Chlorine: History, Manufacture,
Properties, Hazards, and Uses. Historical Background. Manufacture of
Chlorine. Electrolytic Cell Development. Other Chlorine Manufacturing
Processes. Impurities in the Manufacture of Chlorine. Physical and Chemical
Properties of Chlorine. Hazards from Chlorine Vapor and Liquid. Chlorine
Leaks. Calculating Chlorine Leak Rates. Summary. USEPA Risk Management
Programs (RMPs). Chlorine Transport Accidents. Notable Consumer Accidents.
Production and Uses of Chlorine. References. 2 Chemistry of Aqueous
Chlorine. Dissolution and Hydrolysis of Chlorine. Dissociation of
Hypochlorous Acid. Chlorine Speciation in Concentrated Solutions.
Hypochlorite Solutions. Oxidation States of Chlorine. Free, Combined, and
Available Chlorine. Chlorine and Nitrogenous Compounds. The Chemistry of
Chlorine in Seawater. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions of Chlorine Compounds.
ORP Measurements. Reactions of Chlorine with Selected Constituents.
Chlorine Demand. Germicidal Significance of Chlorine Residuals. References.
3 Determination of Chlorine Residuals in Water and Wastewater Treatment.
Historical Background. General Considerations. Amperometric Titration. DPD
Method. FACTS (Syringaldazine) Method. Iodometric Method I. Methyl Orange
(MO) Method. Orthotolidine Method. References. 4 Chlorination of Potable
Water. Microbes in Water Supplies. Waterborne Diseases. Chlorine as a
Disinfectant. Disinfection Requirements under (Provisions of the) Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Disinfection of Drinking Water with Clorine.
Disinfection with Chloramines. Distribution System. Disinfection of New
Infrastructure. Other Uses of Chlorine in Water Treatment. Synthetic
Sources of Tastes and Odors. Chlorination in the United Kingdom.
Chlorination in Germany. Treatment Strategies. Acknowledgments. References.
5 Chlorination of Wastewater. Introduction. Odor Control. Chlorine and
Biological Treatment. Other Uses of Chlorine in Wastewater Treatment.
Industrial Waste Treatment Applications Using Chlorine. References. 6
Disinfection of Wastewater. Introduction. Viruses. Methods of Wastewater
Disinfection. Chemistry of Wastewater Disinfection by Chlorine. Formation
of DBPs. Other Disinfection Considerations. Wastewater Reuse. References. 7
Chlorine Contact Basin Design. Introduction. Design Elements. References. 8
Chlorine Feed Systems. Cylinders. Ton Containers. Tank Trucks/Tank Cars.
Storage Tanks. Liquid Chlorine Feed. Appurtenances. Chlorine Feeders and
Eductors. Reference. 9 Hypochlorination-Sodium Hypochlorite. Background and
History of Hypochlorites. Sodium Hypochlorite. Degradation. Impact on
Treatment Process. Tank Selection. Transfer and Feed Equipment. Sodium
Hypochlorite Piping. Sodium Hypochlorite Valves. Sodium Hypochlorite
Facility Layouts. Calcium Hypochlorite. Lithium Hypochlorite. References.
10 On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation System. Historical Background.
Raw Material Quality. On-Site Generation of Sodium Hypochlorite. System
Components. On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation System Design. System
Manufacturers. References. 11 Dechlorination. Introduction. Sulfur Dioxide.
Sulfite Compounds. Other Dechlorination Chemicals. Dechlorination Facility
Design. References. 12 Process Controls for Chlorination and
Dechlorination. Introduction. Background. Online Analytical Measurements.
Online Analyzers for Chlorination. Online Process Control Overview.
Chlorination Process Control. Dechlorination. Online Analyzers for
Dechlorination. Blending Chemistry with Process Control. Control System
O&M. Record Keeping and Regulatory Issues. References. 13 Operation and
Maintenance. General. Chlorine Gas Systems. Sodium Hypochlorite Systems.
Dechlorination Gas Systems. Dechlorination Liquid Systems. Operator
Training and Safety. Storage Systems. Regulatory Requirements. 14 Chlorine
Dioxide. Introduction. Chemical and Biologic Properties. Equipment and
Generation. Use in Drinking Water and Wastewater Disinfection. Other
Disinfection Applications. Other Uses for Chlorine Dioxide in Water
Treatment. Analytic Methods for Chlorine Dioxide and its Oxychlorine
By-Products. Health and Safety. Regulatory Issues. Summary.
Acknowledgments. References. 15 Ozone. Introduction. History and
Application. Chemical Properties. Inorganic Compound Treatment. Organic
Compounds. Disinfection. Ozone DBPs. Use in Water and Wastewater Treatment.
Equipment and Generation. Process Calculations. Quench Chemicals.
Analytical Methods. Health and Safety. Regulatory Issues. References. 16
Bromine, Bromine Chloride, BCDMH, and Iodine. Bromine (Br2). Use of Bromine
in Water Treatment Processes. Bromides: On-Site Generation of Br2. Bromine
Chloride (BrCl). BCDMH. Iodine (I2). Summary. References. 17 Ultraviolet
Light. Introduction. Chemical and Biological Properties. Guidelines. UV
Equipment. Water Quality Issues. UV System Sizing Tools. Operation and
Maintenance Activities. Troubleshooting Strategies. Health and Safety for
Water And Wastewater UV Systems. References. 18 Advanced Oxidation
Processes. Introduction. Chemistry of AOPs. Uses in Drinking Water and
Wastewater Treatment. Factors Affecting System Performance. Regulations.
Equipment and Generation. References. Appendix. Index.
Abbreviations. Acknowledgments. 1 Chlorine: History, Manufacture,
Properties, Hazards, and Uses. Historical Background. Manufacture of
Chlorine. Electrolytic Cell Development. Other Chlorine Manufacturing
Processes. Impurities in the Manufacture of Chlorine. Physical and Chemical
Properties of Chlorine. Hazards from Chlorine Vapor and Liquid. Chlorine
Leaks. Calculating Chlorine Leak Rates. Summary. USEPA Risk Management
Programs (RMPs). Chlorine Transport Accidents. Notable Consumer Accidents.
Production and Uses of Chlorine. References. 2 Chemistry of Aqueous
Chlorine. Dissolution and Hydrolysis of Chlorine. Dissociation of
Hypochlorous Acid. Chlorine Speciation in Concentrated Solutions.
Hypochlorite Solutions. Oxidation States of Chlorine. Free, Combined, and
Available Chlorine. Chlorine and Nitrogenous Compounds. The Chemistry of
Chlorine in Seawater. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions of Chlorine Compounds.
ORP Measurements. Reactions of Chlorine with Selected Constituents.
Chlorine Demand. Germicidal Significance of Chlorine Residuals. References.
3 Determination of Chlorine Residuals in Water and Wastewater Treatment.
Historical Background. General Considerations. Amperometric Titration. DPD
Method. FACTS (Syringaldazine) Method. Iodometric Method I. Methyl Orange
(MO) Method. Orthotolidine Method. References. 4 Chlorination of Potable
Water. Microbes in Water Supplies. Waterborne Diseases. Chlorine as a
Disinfectant. Disinfection Requirements under (Provisions of the) Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Disinfection of Drinking Water with Clorine.
Disinfection with Chloramines. Distribution System. Disinfection of New
Infrastructure. Other Uses of Chlorine in Water Treatment. Synthetic
Sources of Tastes and Odors. Chlorination in the United Kingdom.
Chlorination in Germany. Treatment Strategies. Acknowledgments. References.
5 Chlorination of Wastewater. Introduction. Odor Control. Chlorine and
Biological Treatment. Other Uses of Chlorine in Wastewater Treatment.
Industrial Waste Treatment Applications Using Chlorine. References. 6
Disinfection of Wastewater. Introduction. Viruses. Methods of Wastewater
Disinfection. Chemistry of Wastewater Disinfection by Chlorine. Formation
of DBPs. Other Disinfection Considerations. Wastewater Reuse. References. 7
Chlorine Contact Basin Design. Introduction. Design Elements. References. 8
Chlorine Feed Systems. Cylinders. Ton Containers. Tank Trucks/Tank Cars.
Storage Tanks. Liquid Chlorine Feed. Appurtenances. Chlorine Feeders and
Eductors. Reference. 9 Hypochlorination-Sodium Hypochlorite. Background and
History of Hypochlorites. Sodium Hypochlorite. Degradation. Impact on
Treatment Process. Tank Selection. Transfer and Feed Equipment. Sodium
Hypochlorite Piping. Sodium Hypochlorite Valves. Sodium Hypochlorite
Facility Layouts. Calcium Hypochlorite. Lithium Hypochlorite. References.
10 On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation System. Historical Background.
Raw Material Quality. On-Site Generation of Sodium Hypochlorite. System
Components. On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation System Design. System
Manufacturers. References. 11 Dechlorination. Introduction. Sulfur Dioxide.
Sulfite Compounds. Other Dechlorination Chemicals. Dechlorination Facility
Design. References. 12 Process Controls for Chlorination and
Dechlorination. Introduction. Background. Online Analytical Measurements.
Online Analyzers for Chlorination. Online Process Control Overview.
Chlorination Process Control. Dechlorination. Online Analyzers for
Dechlorination. Blending Chemistry with Process Control. Control System
O&M. Record Keeping and Regulatory Issues. References. 13 Operation and
Maintenance. General. Chlorine Gas Systems. Sodium Hypochlorite Systems.
Dechlorination Gas Systems. Dechlorination Liquid Systems. Operator
Training and Safety. Storage Systems. Regulatory Requirements. 14 Chlorine
Dioxide. Introduction. Chemical and Biologic Properties. Equipment and
Generation. Use in Drinking Water and Wastewater Disinfection. Other
Disinfection Applications. Other Uses for Chlorine Dioxide in Water
Treatment. Analytic Methods for Chlorine Dioxide and its Oxychlorine
By-Products. Health and Safety. Regulatory Issues. Summary.
Acknowledgments. References. 15 Ozone. Introduction. History and
Application. Chemical Properties. Inorganic Compound Treatment. Organic
Compounds. Disinfection. Ozone DBPs. Use in Water and Wastewater Treatment.
Equipment and Generation. Process Calculations. Quench Chemicals.
Analytical Methods. Health and Safety. Regulatory Issues. References. 16
Bromine, Bromine Chloride, BCDMH, and Iodine. Bromine (Br2). Use of Bromine
in Water Treatment Processes. Bromides: On-Site Generation of Br2. Bromine
Chloride (BrCl). BCDMH. Iodine (I2). Summary. References. 17 Ultraviolet
Light. Introduction. Chemical and Biological Properties. Guidelines. UV
Equipment. Water Quality Issues. UV System Sizing Tools. Operation and
Maintenance Activities. Troubleshooting Strategies. Health and Safety for
Water And Wastewater UV Systems. References. 18 Advanced Oxidation
Processes. Introduction. Chemistry of AOPs. Uses in Drinking Water and
Wastewater Treatment. Factors Affecting System Performance. Regulations.
Equipment and Generation. References. Appendix. Index.
Preface xxvii Authors xxix List of Contributors and Reviewers xxxi List of Abbreviations xxxiii Acknowledgments xxxix 1 Chlorine: History, Manufacture, Properties, Hazards, and Uses 1 2 Chemistry of Aqueous Chlorine 68 3 Determination of Chlorine Residuals in Water and Wastewater Treatment 174 4 Chlorination of Potable Water 230 5 Chlorination of Wastewater 326 6 Disinfection of Wastewater 363 7 Chlorine Contact Basin Design 404 8 Chlorine Feed Systems 418 9 Hypochlorination--Sodium Hypochlorite 452 10 On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation System 528 11 Dechlorination 572 12 Process Controls for Chlorination and Dechlorination 594 13 Operation and Maintenance 678 14 Chlorine Dioxide 700 15 Ozone 767 16 Bromine, Bromine Chloride, BCDMH, and Iodine 848 17 Ultraviolet Light 893 18 Advanced Oxidation Processes 976 Appendix 1003 Index 1009
Preface. Authors. List of Contributors and Reviewers. List of
Abbreviations. Acknowledgments. 1 Chlorine: History, Manufacture,
Properties, Hazards, and Uses. Historical Background. Manufacture of
Chlorine. Electrolytic Cell Development. Other Chlorine Manufacturing
Processes. Impurities in the Manufacture of Chlorine. Physical and Chemical
Properties of Chlorine. Hazards from Chlorine Vapor and Liquid. Chlorine
Leaks. Calculating Chlorine Leak Rates. Summary. USEPA Risk Management
Programs (RMPs). Chlorine Transport Accidents. Notable Consumer Accidents.
Production and Uses of Chlorine. References. 2 Chemistry of Aqueous
Chlorine. Dissolution and Hydrolysis of Chlorine. Dissociation of
Hypochlorous Acid. Chlorine Speciation in Concentrated Solutions.
Hypochlorite Solutions. Oxidation States of Chlorine. Free, Combined, and
Available Chlorine. Chlorine and Nitrogenous Compounds. The Chemistry of
Chlorine in Seawater. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions of Chlorine Compounds.
ORP Measurements. Reactions of Chlorine with Selected Constituents.
Chlorine Demand. Germicidal Significance of Chlorine Residuals. References.
3 Determination of Chlorine Residuals in Water and Wastewater Treatment.
Historical Background. General Considerations. Amperometric Titration. DPD
Method. FACTS (Syringaldazine) Method. Iodometric Method I. Methyl Orange
(MO) Method. Orthotolidine Method. References. 4 Chlorination of Potable
Water. Microbes in Water Supplies. Waterborne Diseases. Chlorine as a
Disinfectant. Disinfection Requirements under (Provisions of the) Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Disinfection of Drinking Water with Clorine.
Disinfection with Chloramines. Distribution System. Disinfection of New
Infrastructure. Other Uses of Chlorine in Water Treatment. Synthetic
Sources of Tastes and Odors. Chlorination in the United Kingdom.
Chlorination in Germany. Treatment Strategies. Acknowledgments. References.
5 Chlorination of Wastewater. Introduction. Odor Control. Chlorine and
Biological Treatment. Other Uses of Chlorine in Wastewater Treatment.
Industrial Waste Treatment Applications Using Chlorine. References. 6
Disinfection of Wastewater. Introduction. Viruses. Methods of Wastewater
Disinfection. Chemistry of Wastewater Disinfection by Chlorine. Formation
of DBPs. Other Disinfection Considerations. Wastewater Reuse. References. 7
Chlorine Contact Basin Design. Introduction. Design Elements. References. 8
Chlorine Feed Systems. Cylinders. Ton Containers. Tank Trucks/Tank Cars.
Storage Tanks. Liquid Chlorine Feed. Appurtenances. Chlorine Feeders and
Eductors. Reference. 9 Hypochlorination-Sodium Hypochlorite. Background and
History of Hypochlorites. Sodium Hypochlorite. Degradation. Impact on
Treatment Process. Tank Selection. Transfer and Feed Equipment. Sodium
Hypochlorite Piping. Sodium Hypochlorite Valves. Sodium Hypochlorite
Facility Layouts. Calcium Hypochlorite. Lithium Hypochlorite. References.
10 On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation System. Historical Background.
Raw Material Quality. On-Site Generation of Sodium Hypochlorite. System
Components. On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation System Design. System
Manufacturers. References. 11 Dechlorination. Introduction. Sulfur Dioxide.
Sulfite Compounds. Other Dechlorination Chemicals. Dechlorination Facility
Design. References. 12 Process Controls for Chlorination and
Dechlorination. Introduction. Background. Online Analytical Measurements.
Online Analyzers for Chlorination. Online Process Control Overview.
Chlorination Process Control. Dechlorination. Online Analyzers for
Dechlorination. Blending Chemistry with Process Control. Control System
O&M. Record Keeping and Regulatory Issues. References. 13 Operation and
Maintenance. General. Chlorine Gas Systems. Sodium Hypochlorite Systems.
Dechlorination Gas Systems. Dechlorination Liquid Systems. Operator
Training and Safety. Storage Systems. Regulatory Requirements. 14 Chlorine
Dioxide. Introduction. Chemical and Biologic Properties. Equipment and
Generation. Use in Drinking Water and Wastewater Disinfection. Other
Disinfection Applications. Other Uses for Chlorine Dioxide in Water
Treatment. Analytic Methods for Chlorine Dioxide and its Oxychlorine
By-Products. Health and Safety. Regulatory Issues. Summary.
Acknowledgments. References. 15 Ozone. Introduction. History and
Application. Chemical Properties. Inorganic Compound Treatment. Organic
Compounds. Disinfection. Ozone DBPs. Use in Water and Wastewater Treatment.
Equipment and Generation. Process Calculations. Quench Chemicals.
Analytical Methods. Health and Safety. Regulatory Issues. References. 16
Bromine, Bromine Chloride, BCDMH, and Iodine. Bromine (Br2). Use of Bromine
in Water Treatment Processes. Bromides: On-Site Generation of Br2. Bromine
Chloride (BrCl). BCDMH. Iodine (I2). Summary. References. 17 Ultraviolet
Light. Introduction. Chemical and Biological Properties. Guidelines. UV
Equipment. Water Quality Issues. UV System Sizing Tools. Operation and
Maintenance Activities. Troubleshooting Strategies. Health and Safety for
Water And Wastewater UV Systems. References. 18 Advanced Oxidation
Processes. Introduction. Chemistry of AOPs. Uses in Drinking Water and
Wastewater Treatment. Factors Affecting System Performance. Regulations.
Equipment and Generation. References. Appendix. Index.
Abbreviations. Acknowledgments. 1 Chlorine: History, Manufacture,
Properties, Hazards, and Uses. Historical Background. Manufacture of
Chlorine. Electrolytic Cell Development. Other Chlorine Manufacturing
Processes. Impurities in the Manufacture of Chlorine. Physical and Chemical
Properties of Chlorine. Hazards from Chlorine Vapor and Liquid. Chlorine
Leaks. Calculating Chlorine Leak Rates. Summary. USEPA Risk Management
Programs (RMPs). Chlorine Transport Accidents. Notable Consumer Accidents.
Production and Uses of Chlorine. References. 2 Chemistry of Aqueous
Chlorine. Dissolution and Hydrolysis of Chlorine. Dissociation of
Hypochlorous Acid. Chlorine Speciation in Concentrated Solutions.
Hypochlorite Solutions. Oxidation States of Chlorine. Free, Combined, and
Available Chlorine. Chlorine and Nitrogenous Compounds. The Chemistry of
Chlorine in Seawater. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions of Chlorine Compounds.
ORP Measurements. Reactions of Chlorine with Selected Constituents.
Chlorine Demand. Germicidal Significance of Chlorine Residuals. References.
3 Determination of Chlorine Residuals in Water and Wastewater Treatment.
Historical Background. General Considerations. Amperometric Titration. DPD
Method. FACTS (Syringaldazine) Method. Iodometric Method I. Methyl Orange
(MO) Method. Orthotolidine Method. References. 4 Chlorination of Potable
Water. Microbes in Water Supplies. Waterborne Diseases. Chlorine as a
Disinfectant. Disinfection Requirements under (Provisions of the) Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Disinfection of Drinking Water with Clorine.
Disinfection with Chloramines. Distribution System. Disinfection of New
Infrastructure. Other Uses of Chlorine in Water Treatment. Synthetic
Sources of Tastes and Odors. Chlorination in the United Kingdom.
Chlorination in Germany. Treatment Strategies. Acknowledgments. References.
5 Chlorination of Wastewater. Introduction. Odor Control. Chlorine and
Biological Treatment. Other Uses of Chlorine in Wastewater Treatment.
Industrial Waste Treatment Applications Using Chlorine. References. 6
Disinfection of Wastewater. Introduction. Viruses. Methods of Wastewater
Disinfection. Chemistry of Wastewater Disinfection by Chlorine. Formation
of DBPs. Other Disinfection Considerations. Wastewater Reuse. References. 7
Chlorine Contact Basin Design. Introduction. Design Elements. References. 8
Chlorine Feed Systems. Cylinders. Ton Containers. Tank Trucks/Tank Cars.
Storage Tanks. Liquid Chlorine Feed. Appurtenances. Chlorine Feeders and
Eductors. Reference. 9 Hypochlorination-Sodium Hypochlorite. Background and
History of Hypochlorites. Sodium Hypochlorite. Degradation. Impact on
Treatment Process. Tank Selection. Transfer and Feed Equipment. Sodium
Hypochlorite Piping. Sodium Hypochlorite Valves. Sodium Hypochlorite
Facility Layouts. Calcium Hypochlorite. Lithium Hypochlorite. References.
10 On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation System. Historical Background.
Raw Material Quality. On-Site Generation of Sodium Hypochlorite. System
Components. On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation System Design. System
Manufacturers. References. 11 Dechlorination. Introduction. Sulfur Dioxide.
Sulfite Compounds. Other Dechlorination Chemicals. Dechlorination Facility
Design. References. 12 Process Controls for Chlorination and
Dechlorination. Introduction. Background. Online Analytical Measurements.
Online Analyzers for Chlorination. Online Process Control Overview.
Chlorination Process Control. Dechlorination. Online Analyzers for
Dechlorination. Blending Chemistry with Process Control. Control System
O&M. Record Keeping and Regulatory Issues. References. 13 Operation and
Maintenance. General. Chlorine Gas Systems. Sodium Hypochlorite Systems.
Dechlorination Gas Systems. Dechlorination Liquid Systems. Operator
Training and Safety. Storage Systems. Regulatory Requirements. 14 Chlorine
Dioxide. Introduction. Chemical and Biologic Properties. Equipment and
Generation. Use in Drinking Water and Wastewater Disinfection. Other
Disinfection Applications. Other Uses for Chlorine Dioxide in Water
Treatment. Analytic Methods for Chlorine Dioxide and its Oxychlorine
By-Products. Health and Safety. Regulatory Issues. Summary.
Acknowledgments. References. 15 Ozone. Introduction. History and
Application. Chemical Properties. Inorganic Compound Treatment. Organic
Compounds. Disinfection. Ozone DBPs. Use in Water and Wastewater Treatment.
Equipment and Generation. Process Calculations. Quench Chemicals.
Analytical Methods. Health and Safety. Regulatory Issues. References. 16
Bromine, Bromine Chloride, BCDMH, and Iodine. Bromine (Br2). Use of Bromine
in Water Treatment Processes. Bromides: On-Site Generation of Br2. Bromine
Chloride (BrCl). BCDMH. Iodine (I2). Summary. References. 17 Ultraviolet
Light. Introduction. Chemical and Biological Properties. Guidelines. UV
Equipment. Water Quality Issues. UV System Sizing Tools. Operation and
Maintenance Activities. Troubleshooting Strategies. Health and Safety for
Water And Wastewater UV Systems. References. 18 Advanced Oxidation
Processes. Introduction. Chemistry of AOPs. Uses in Drinking Water and
Wastewater Treatment. Factors Affecting System Performance. Regulations.
Equipment and Generation. References. Appendix. Index.