Bruce E. Logan

Environmental Transport Processes (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

A unique approach to the challenges of complex environmental systems Environmental Transport Processes, Second Edition provides much-needed guidance on mass transfer principles in environmental engineering. It focuses on working with uncontrolled conditions involving biological and physical systems, offering examples from diverse fields, including mass transport, kinetics, wastewater treatment, and unit processes. This new edition is fully revised and updated, incorporating modern approaches and practice problems at the end of chapters, making the Second Edition more concise, accessible, and easy to use. The book discusses the fundamentals of transport processes occurring in natural environments, with special emphasis on working at the biological-physical interface. It considers transport and kinetics in terms of systems that involve microorganisms, along with in-depth coverage of particles, size spectra, and calculations for particles that can be considered either spheres or fractals. The book's treatment of particles as fractals is especially unique and the Second Edition includes a new section on exoelectrogenic biofilms. It also addresses dispersion in natural and engineered systems unlike any other book on the subject. Readers will learn to tackle with confidence complex environmental systems and make transport calculations in heterogeneous environments with mixtures of chemicals.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 496
• Erscheinungstermin: 20. März 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118230077
• Artikelnr.: 38455794

Autorenporträt

Bruce E. Logan is the Stan and Flora Kappe Professor of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Penn State. He is Director of the Engineering Energy & Environmental Institute and the Hydrogen Energy (H2E) Center. Dr. Logan has won several awards for his research and articles and has authored Microbial Fuel Cells, also from Wiley.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Notation for chemical
transport 2 1.3 Simplifications for environmental systems 5 1.4 Review of
Mass Balances 11 2. Equilibrium Calculations 18 2.1 Introduction 18 2.2
Thermodynamic state functions 20 2.3 Chemical potentials 21 2.4 Gibbs free
energy and equilibrium constants 23 2.5 Distribution of chemical based on
fugacites 25 3. Diffusive Transport 43 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Diffusion 43
3.3 Calculation of molecular diffusion coefficients 45 3.4 Effective
diffusion coefficients in porous media 53 3.5 Experimental determination of
diffusivities and molecular size spectra 59 4. The Constitutive Transport
Equation 79 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Derivation of the general transport
equation 80 4.3 Special forms of the general transport equation 81 4.4
Similarity of mass, momentum, and heat dispersion laws 84 4.5 Transport
relative to moving coordinate systems 86 4.6 Simplified forms of the
constitutive transport equation 89 4.7 The constitutive transport equation
in cylindrical and spherical coordinates 91 5. Concentration Profiles and
Chemical Fluxes 95 5.1 Introduction 95 5.2 The three theories of mass
transport 95 5.3 Mass transport in radical and cylindrical coordinates
using shell balances 112 6. Mass Transport Correlations: From Theory to
Empiricism 120 6.1 Definition of a mass transport coefficient 120 6.2 The
three theories 121 6.3 Multiple resistances during interphase mass
transport 125 6.4 Correlations for mass transport coefficients 132 6.5
Transport to spheres 135 7. Kinetics and Mass Transfer 140 7.1 Introduction
140 7.2 Fluid shear and turbulence 141 7.3 Mass transport in steady sheared
fluids 145 7.4 Mass transport in turbulent sheared fluids 148 7.5 Shear
rates in mixed reactors 149 7.6 Chemical transport in bubbled reactors 158
8. Suspended Unattached and Aggregated Microorganisms 167 8.1 Introduction
167 8.2 Chemical transport to cells at rest 167 8.3 Effect of fluid motion
on microorganisms 170 8.4 Transport to microbial aggregates 175 8.5
Effectiveness factors for mass transport 184 8.6 Relative uptake factors
for mass transport 187 8.7 Differences between the MEC and MFC systems 145
9. Biofilms 194 9.1 Introduction 194 9.2 Transport in the fluid layer above
a biofilm 194 9.3 Biofilm kinetics 198 9.4 Modeling completely mixed
biofilm reactors: rotation biological contactors 210 9.5 Modeling plug flow
biofilm reactors: packed beds 213 9.6 Modeling wetted wall biofilm
reactors: trickling filters 215 9.7 Electrogenic biofilms 225 10. Disperson
232 10.1 Introduction 232 10.2 Averaging properties to derive dispersion
coefficients in turbulent fluids 235 10.3 Dispersion in nonboundeded
turbulent sheared fluids 239 10.4 Longitundinal dispersion coefficients for
defined systems 244 10.5 Dispersion in porous media 253 11. Rivers, Lakes
and Oceans 264 11.1 Introduction 264 11.2 Chemical transport in rivers 265
11.3 Mixing in lakes 273 11.4 Mixing in estuaries 277 11.5 Mixing in the
ocean 279 11.6 Operation and assessment of MFCs 181 12. Chemical Transport
in Porous Media 292 12.1 Introduction 292 12.2 Porous media hydraulics 292
12.3 Contaminant transport of conservative tracers 295 12.4 Transport with
reaction 298 12.5 Transport with chemical adsorption 299 12.6 Formation of
gangolia of non-aqueous phase-liquids 306 12.7 Mass transport calculations
of chemical fluxes from NAPL 12.8 ganglia 315 13. Particles and Fractals
331 13.1 Introduction 331 13.2 Particle size spectra 332 13.3 Solid
particles and fractal aggregate geometries 336 13.4 Measuring particle size
distributions 351 13.5 Calculating fractal dimentions from particle size
distributions 353 14. Coagluation in Natural and Engineered Systems 362
14.1 Introduction 362 14.2 The general coagulation equations: integral and
summation forms 363 14.3 Factors affecting the stability of aquasols 364
14.4 Coagulation kinetics: collision kernels form spheres 374 14.5 Fractal
coagulation models 388 14.6 Coagulation in the ocean 397 15. Particle
Transport in Porous Media 408 15.1 Introduction 408 15.2 A macroscopic
particle transport equation 409 15.3 Clean bed filtration theory 411 15.4
Discrete particle size distributions prepared by filtration 426 15.5 The
dimensionless collision number 432 15.6 Pressure drops in clean bed filters
434 15.7 Particle accumulation in filters 435 15.8 Particle transport in
aquifers 437 Appendices 445 1. Notation 445 2. Transport equations 452 3.
Chemical properties 453 4. Solutions of differential equations 458 5.
References 465 Index 474