Theoretical and Computational Aerodynamics (eBook, PDF)
Theoretical and Computational Aerodynamics (eBook, PDF)
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Aerodynamics has seen many developments due to the growth of scientific computing, which has caused the design cycle time of aerospace vehicles to be heavily reduced. Today computational aerodynamics appears in the preliminary step of a new design, relegating costly, time-consuming wind tunnel testing to the final stages of design. Theoretical and Computational Aerodynamics is aimed to be a comprehensive textbook, covering classical aerodynamic theories and recent applications made possible by computational aerodynamics. It starts with a discussion on lift and drag from an overall dynamical…mehr
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- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 516
- Erscheinungstermin: 6. Oktober 2014
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118787540
- Artikelnr.: 41739431
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 516
- Erscheinungstermin: 6. Oktober 2014
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118787540
- Artikelnr.: 41739431
Aerodynamics and Atmosphere 1 1.1 Motivation and Scope of Aerodynamics 1
1.2 Conservation Principles 4 1.3 Origin of Aerodynamic Forces 6 1.4 Flow
in Accelerating Control Volumes: Application of RTT 9 1.5 Atmosphere and
Its Role in Aerodynamics 11 1.6 Static Stability of Atmosphere 17
Bibliography 20 2 Basic Equations of Motion 21 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2
Conservation Principles 23 2.3 Conservation of Linear Momentum: Integral
Form 25 2.4 Conservation of Linear Momentum: Differential Form 26 2.5
Strain Rate of Fluid Element in Flows 28 2.6 Relation between Stress and
Rate of Strain Tensors in Fluid Flow 32 2.7 Circulation and Rotationality
in Flows 35 2.8 Irrotational Flows and Velocity Potential 36 2.9 Stream
Function and Vector Potential 37 2.10 Governing Equation for Irrotational
Flows 38 2.11 Kelvin's Theorem and Irrotationality 40 2.12 Bernoulli's
Equation: Relation of Pressure and Velocity 41 2.13 Applications of
Bernoulli's Equation: Air Speed Indicator 42 2.14 Viscous Effects and
Boundary Layers 46 2.15 Thermodynamics and Reynolds Transport Theorem 47
2.16 Reynolds Transport Theorem 48 2.17 The Energy Equation 49 2.18 Energy
Conservation Equation 52 2.19 Alternate Forms of Energy Equation 54 2.20
The Energy Equation in Conservation Form 55 2.21 Strong Conservation and
Weak Conservation Forms 55 2.22 Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy 56
2.23 Propagation of Sound and Mach Number 60 2.24 One-Dimensional Steady
Flow 61 2.25 Normal Shock Relation for Steady Flow 62 2.26
Rankine--Hugoniot Relation 64 2.27 Prandtl or Meyer Relation 65 2.28
Oblique ShockWaves 69 2.29 Weak Oblique Shock 71 2.30 Expansion of
Supersonic Flows 74 Bibliography 76 3 Theoretical Aerodynamics of Potential
Flows 77 3.1 Introduction 77 3.2 Preliminaries of Complex Analysis for 2D
Irrotational Flows: Cauchy--Riemann Relations 78 3.3 Elementary
Singularities in Fluid Flows 81 3.4 Blasius' Theorem: Forces and Moment for
Potential Flows 90 Mechanism 94 3.5 Method of Images 99 3.6 Conformal
Mapping: Use of Cauchy--Riemann Relation 101 3.7 Lift Created by Jukowski
Airfoil 111 3.8 Thin Airfoil Theory 116 3.9 General Thin Airfoil Theory 129
3.10 Theodorsen Condition for General Thin Airfoil Theory 134 Bibliography
135 4 FiniteWing Theory 137 4.1 Introduction 137 4.2 Fundamental Laws of
Vortex Motion 137 4.3 Helmholtz's Theorems of Vortex Motion 138 4.4 The
Bound Vortex Element 140 4.5 Starting Vortex Element 140 4.6 Trailing
Vortex Element 141 4.7 Horse Shoe Vortex 142 4.8 The Biot-Savart Law 142
4.9 Theory for a Finite Wing 146 4.10 Consequence of Downwash: Induced Drag
147 4.11 Simple Symmetric Loading: Elliptic Distribution 149 4.12 General
Loading on a Wing 154 4.13 Asymmetric Loading: Rolling and Yawing Moment
157 4.14 Simplified Horse Shoe Vortex 161 4.15 Applications of Simplified
Horse Shoe Vortex System 162 4.16 Prandtl's Lifting Line Equation or the
Monoplane Equation 167 Bibliography 169 5 Panel Methods 171 5.1
Introduction 171 5.2 Line Source Distribution 172 5.3 Panel Method due to
Hess and Smith 176 5.4 Some Typical Results 183 Bibliography 188 6 Lifting
Surface, Slender Wing and Low Aspect RatioWing Theories 189 6.1
Introduction 189 6.2 Green's Theorems and Their Applications to Potential
Flows 190 6.3 Irrotational External Flow Field due to a Lifting Surface 192
6.4 Slender Wing Theory 201 6.5 Spanwise Loading 205 6.6 Lift on Delta or
TriangularWing 206 6.7 Vortex Breakdown 214 6.8 Slender Body Theory 218
Bibliography 221 7 Boundary Layer Theory 223 7.1 Introduction 223 7.2
Regular and Singular Perturbation Problems in Fluid Flows 224 7.3 Boundary
Layer Equations 225 7.4 Boundary Layer Thicknesses 230 7.5 Momentum
Integral Equation 233 7.6 Validity of Boundary Layer Equation and
Separation 235 7.7 Solution of Boundary Layer Equation 237 7.8 Similarity
Analysis 238 7.9 Use of Boundary Layer Equation in Aerodynamics 252
Bibliography 258 8 Computational Aerodynamics 259 8.1 Introduction 259 8.2
A Model Dynamical Equation 260 8.3 Space--Time Resolution of Flows 263
Methods 265 8.4 An Improved Orthogonal Grid Generation Method for Aerofoil
275 8.5 Orthogonal Grid Generation 279 8.6 Orthogonal Grid Generation for
an Aerofoil with Roughness Elements 284 8.7 Solution of Navier--Stokes
Equation for Flow Past AG24 Aerofoil 287 Bibliography 291 9 Instability and
Transition in Aerodynamics 295 9.1 Introduction 295 9.2 Temporal and
Spatial Instability 298 9.3 Parallel Flow Approximation and Inviscid
Instability Theorems 299 9.4 Viscous Instability of Parallel Flows 301 9.5
Instability Analysis from the Solution of the Orr--Sommerfeld Equation 304
9.6 Transition in Three-Dimensional Flows 318 9.7 Infinite Swept Wing Flow
320 9.8 Attachment Line Flow 321 9.9 Boundary Layer Equations in the
Transformed Plane 322 9.10 Simplification of Boundary Layer Equations in
the Transformed Plane 324 9.11 Instability of Three-Dimensional Flows 325
9.12 Linear Viscous Stability Theory for Three-Dimensional Flows 328 9.13
Experimental Evidence of Instability on Swept Wings 332 9.14 Infinite Swept
Wing Boundary Layer 334 9.15 Stability of the Falkner--Skan--Cooke Profile
337 9.16 StationaryWaves over Swept Geometries 340 9.17 Empirical
Transition Prediction Method for Three-Dimensional Flows 340 Bibliography
343 10 Drag Reduction: Analysis and Design of Airfoils 347 10.1
Introduction 347 10.2 Laminar Flow Airfoils 350 10.3 Pressure Recovery of
Some Low Drag Airfoils 358 10.4 Flap Operation of Airfoils for NLF 361 10.5
Effects of Roughness and Fixing Transition 362 10.6 Effects of Vortex
Generator or Boundary Layer Re-Energizer 364 10.7 Section Characteristics
of Various Profiles 364 10.8 A High Speed NLF Aerofoil 365 10.9 Direct
Simulation of Bypass Transitional Flow Past an Airfoil 369 Bibliography 378
11 Direct Numerical Simulation of 2D Transonic Flows around Airfoils 381
11.1 Introduction 381 11.2 Governing Equations and Boundary Conditions 382
11.3 Numerical Procedure 384 11.4 Some Typical Results 387 Bibliography 406
12 Low Reynolds Number Aerodynamics 409 12.1 Introduction 409 12.2
Micro-air Vehicle Aerodynamics 412 12.3 Governing Equations in Inertial and
Noninertial Frames 413 12.4 Flow Past an AG24 Airfoil at Low Reynolds
Numbers 425 Bibliography 442 13 High Lift Devices and Flow Control 445 13.1
Introduction 445 13.2 Passive Devices: Multi-Element Airfoils with Slats
and Flaps 449 13.3 Flow Control by Plasma Actuation: High Lift Device and
Drag Reduction 465 13.4 Governing Equations for Plasma 468 13.5 Governing
Fluid Dynamic Equations 475 13.6 Results and Discussions 476 Bibliography
484 Index 487
Aerodynamics and Atmosphere 1 1.1 Motivation and Scope of Aerodynamics 1
1.2 Conservation Principles 4 1.3 Origin of Aerodynamic Forces 6 1.4 Flow
in Accelerating Control Volumes: Application of RTT 9 1.5 Atmosphere and
Its Role in Aerodynamics 11 1.6 Static Stability of Atmosphere 17
Bibliography 20 2 Basic Equations of Motion 21 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2
Conservation Principles 23 2.3 Conservation of Linear Momentum: Integral
Form 25 2.4 Conservation of Linear Momentum: Differential Form 26 2.5
Strain Rate of Fluid Element in Flows 28 2.6 Relation between Stress and
Rate of Strain Tensors in Fluid Flow 32 2.7 Circulation and Rotationality
in Flows 35 2.8 Irrotational Flows and Velocity Potential 36 2.9 Stream
Function and Vector Potential 37 2.10 Governing Equation for Irrotational
Flows 38 2.11 Kelvin's Theorem and Irrotationality 40 2.12 Bernoulli's
Equation: Relation of Pressure and Velocity 41 2.13 Applications of
Bernoulli's Equation: Air Speed Indicator 42 2.14 Viscous Effects and
Boundary Layers 46 2.15 Thermodynamics and Reynolds Transport Theorem 47
2.16 Reynolds Transport Theorem 48 2.17 The Energy Equation 49 2.18 Energy
Conservation Equation 52 2.19 Alternate Forms of Energy Equation 54 2.20
The Energy Equation in Conservation Form 55 2.21 Strong Conservation and
Weak Conservation Forms 55 2.22 Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy 56
2.23 Propagation of Sound and Mach Number 60 2.24 One-Dimensional Steady
Flow 61 2.25 Normal Shock Relation for Steady Flow 62 2.26
Rankine--Hugoniot Relation 64 2.27 Prandtl or Meyer Relation 65 2.28
Oblique ShockWaves 69 2.29 Weak Oblique Shock 71 2.30 Expansion of
Supersonic Flows 74 Bibliography 76 3 Theoretical Aerodynamics of Potential
Flows 77 3.1 Introduction 77 3.2 Preliminaries of Complex Analysis for 2D
Irrotational Flows: Cauchy--Riemann Relations 78 3.3 Elementary
Singularities in Fluid Flows 81 3.4 Blasius' Theorem: Forces and Moment for
Potential Flows 90 Mechanism 94 3.5 Method of Images 99 3.6 Conformal
Mapping: Use of Cauchy--Riemann Relation 101 3.7 Lift Created by Jukowski
Airfoil 111 3.8 Thin Airfoil Theory 116 3.9 General Thin Airfoil Theory 129
3.10 Theodorsen Condition for General Thin Airfoil Theory 134 Bibliography
135 4 FiniteWing Theory 137 4.1 Introduction 137 4.2 Fundamental Laws of
Vortex Motion 137 4.3 Helmholtz's Theorems of Vortex Motion 138 4.4 The
Bound Vortex Element 140 4.5 Starting Vortex Element 140 4.6 Trailing
Vortex Element 141 4.7 Horse Shoe Vortex 142 4.8 The Biot-Savart Law 142
4.9 Theory for a Finite Wing 146 4.10 Consequence of Downwash: Induced Drag
147 4.11 Simple Symmetric Loading: Elliptic Distribution 149 4.12 General
Loading on a Wing 154 4.13 Asymmetric Loading: Rolling and Yawing Moment
157 4.14 Simplified Horse Shoe Vortex 161 4.15 Applications of Simplified
Horse Shoe Vortex System 162 4.16 Prandtl's Lifting Line Equation or the
Monoplane Equation 167 Bibliography 169 5 Panel Methods 171 5.1
Introduction 171 5.2 Line Source Distribution 172 5.3 Panel Method due to
Hess and Smith 176 5.4 Some Typical Results 183 Bibliography 188 6 Lifting
Surface, Slender Wing and Low Aspect RatioWing Theories 189 6.1
Introduction 189 6.2 Green's Theorems and Their Applications to Potential
Flows 190 6.3 Irrotational External Flow Field due to a Lifting Surface 192
6.4 Slender Wing Theory 201 6.5 Spanwise Loading 205 6.6 Lift on Delta or
TriangularWing 206 6.7 Vortex Breakdown 214 6.8 Slender Body Theory 218
Bibliography 221 7 Boundary Layer Theory 223 7.1 Introduction 223 7.2
Regular and Singular Perturbation Problems in Fluid Flows 224 7.3 Boundary
Layer Equations 225 7.4 Boundary Layer Thicknesses 230 7.5 Momentum
Integral Equation 233 7.6 Validity of Boundary Layer Equation and
Separation 235 7.7 Solution of Boundary Layer Equation 237 7.8 Similarity
Analysis 238 7.9 Use of Boundary Layer Equation in Aerodynamics 252
Bibliography 258 8 Computational Aerodynamics 259 8.1 Introduction 259 8.2
A Model Dynamical Equation 260 8.3 Space--Time Resolution of Flows 263
Methods 265 8.4 An Improved Orthogonal Grid Generation Method for Aerofoil
275 8.5 Orthogonal Grid Generation 279 8.6 Orthogonal Grid Generation for
an Aerofoil with Roughness Elements 284 8.7 Solution of Navier--Stokes
Equation for Flow Past AG24 Aerofoil 287 Bibliography 291 9 Instability and
Transition in Aerodynamics 295 9.1 Introduction 295 9.2 Temporal and
Spatial Instability 298 9.3 Parallel Flow Approximation and Inviscid
Instability Theorems 299 9.4 Viscous Instability of Parallel Flows 301 9.5
Instability Analysis from the Solution of the Orr--Sommerfeld Equation 304
9.6 Transition in Three-Dimensional Flows 318 9.7 Infinite Swept Wing Flow
320 9.8 Attachment Line Flow 321 9.9 Boundary Layer Equations in the
Transformed Plane 322 9.10 Simplification of Boundary Layer Equations in
the Transformed Plane 324 9.11 Instability of Three-Dimensional Flows 325
9.12 Linear Viscous Stability Theory for Three-Dimensional Flows 328 9.13
Experimental Evidence of Instability on Swept Wings 332 9.14 Infinite Swept
Wing Boundary Layer 334 9.15 Stability of the Falkner--Skan--Cooke Profile
337 9.16 StationaryWaves over Swept Geometries 340 9.17 Empirical
Transition Prediction Method for Three-Dimensional Flows 340 Bibliography
343 10 Drag Reduction: Analysis and Design of Airfoils 347 10.1
Introduction 347 10.2 Laminar Flow Airfoils 350 10.3 Pressure Recovery of
Some Low Drag Airfoils 358 10.4 Flap Operation of Airfoils for NLF 361 10.5
Effects of Roughness and Fixing Transition 362 10.6 Effects of Vortex
Generator or Boundary Layer Re-Energizer 364 10.7 Section Characteristics
of Various Profiles 364 10.8 A High Speed NLF Aerofoil 365 10.9 Direct
Simulation of Bypass Transitional Flow Past an Airfoil 369 Bibliography 378
11 Direct Numerical Simulation of 2D Transonic Flows around Airfoils 381
11.1 Introduction 381 11.2 Governing Equations and Boundary Conditions 382
11.3 Numerical Procedure 384 11.4 Some Typical Results 387 Bibliography 406
12 Low Reynolds Number Aerodynamics 409 12.1 Introduction 409 12.2
Micro-air Vehicle Aerodynamics 412 12.3 Governing Equations in Inertial and
Noninertial Frames 413 12.4 Flow Past an AG24 Airfoil at Low Reynolds
Numbers 425 Bibliography 442 13 High Lift Devices and Flow Control 445 13.1
Introduction 445 13.2 Passive Devices: Multi-Element Airfoils with Slats
and Flaps 449 13.3 Flow Control by Plasma Actuation: High Lift Device and
Drag Reduction 465 13.4 Governing Equations for Plasma 468 13.5 Governing
Fluid Dynamic Equations 475 13.6 Results and Discussions 476 Bibliography
484 Index 487