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Organic Crop Breeding provides readers with a thorough review of the latest efforts by crop breeders and geneticists to develop improved varieties for organic production. The book opens with chapters looking at breeding efforts that focus on specific valuable traits such as quality, pest and disease resistance as well as the impacts improved breeding efforts can have on organic production. The second part of the book is a series of crop specific case studies that look at breeding efforts currently underway from around the world in crops ranging from carrots to corn. Organic Crop Breeding…mehr
Organic Crop Breeding provides readers with a thorough review of the latest efforts by crop breeders and geneticists to develop improved varieties for organic production. The book opens with chapters looking at breeding efforts that focus on specific valuable traits such as quality, pest and disease resistance as well as the impacts improved breeding efforts can have on organic production. The second part of the book is a series of crop specific case studies that look at breeding efforts currently underway from around the world in crops ranging from carrots to corn. Organic Crop Breeding includes chapters from leading researchers in the field and is carefully edited by two pioneers in the field. Organic Crop Breeding provides valuable insight for crop breeders, geneticist, crop science professionals, researchers, and advanced students in this quickly emerging field.
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Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren holds an endowed chair at Wageningen University as Professor of Organic Plant Breeding and senior researcher Organic Plant Breeding at the Louis Bolk Institute in the Netherlands. James R. Myers is the Baggett-Frazier Professor of Vegetable Breeding and Genetics in the Department of Horticulture at Oregon State University.
Inhaltsangabe
Contributors Foreword William F. Tracy Preface Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren and James R. Myers Acknowledgments Section 1 General Topics Related to Organic Plant Breeding Chapter 1 Organic Crop Breeding: Integrating Organic Agricultural Approaches and Traditional and Modern Plant Breeding Methods Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren and James R. Myers Introduction How Different Are Organic Farming Systems? Consequences for Cultivar Requirements From Cultivar Evaluation to Organic Seed Production and Plant Breeding Programs The History of Organic Crop Breeding in Europe and the United States Perspectives and Challenges for Breeding for Organic Agriculture Conclusion References Chapter 2 Nutrient Management in Organic Farming and Consequences for Direct and Indirect Selection Strategies Monika Messmer, Isabell Hildermann, Kristian Thorup-Kristensen, and Zed Rengel Introduction Availability of Nutrients in Organic Farming Roots: The Hidden Potential Even Greater Complexity: Plant-Microbe-Soil Interactions Importance of Selection Environments Breeding Strategies References Chapter 3 Pest and Disease Management in Organic Farming: Implications and Inspirations for Plant Breeding Thomas F. D oring, Marco Pautasso, Martin S. Wolfe, and Maria R. Finckh Introduction Plant Protection in Organic Farming Key Target Areas of Plant Breeding for Organic Plant Protection Breeding Goals for Ecological Plant Protection Plant Breeding Approaches Directly Targeting Pests or Diseases Plant Breeding Approaches with Indirect Effects on Plant Health Discussion and Conclusions References Chapter 4 Approaches to Breed for Improved Weed Suppression in Organically Grown Cereals Steve P. Hoad, Nils-Øve Bertholdsson, Daniel Neuhoff, and Ulrich K opke Background Crop Competitiveness Against Weeds Crop Traits Involved in Weed Suppression Selection of Traits and Their Evaluation in Plant Breeding Programs Selection Strategies Understanding Crop-Weed Interactions to Assist Plant Breeding Concluding Remarks and Wider Perspectives References Chapter 5 Breeding for Genetically Diverse Populations: Variety Mixtures and Evolutionary Populations Julie C. Dawson and Isabelle Goldringer Introduction Benefits of Genetic Diversity for Organic Agriculture On-Farm Conservation of Useful Genetic Diversity Breeding Strategies Conclusion References Chapter 6 Centralized or Decentralized Breeding: The Potentials of Participatory Approaches for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture Dominique Desclaux, Salvatore Ceccarelli, John Navazio, Micaela Coley, Gilles Trouche, Silvio Aguirre, Eva Weltzien, and Jacques Lanc on Introduction Centralized and Decentralized Breeding: Definitions What Can Be Decentralized in Breeding and Why? Participatory Approaches PPB: A Single Term Yielding Different Approaches Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Southern Countries Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Northern Countries General Conclusions and Limits of PPB Approaches in Organic Farming References Chapter 7 Values and Principles in Organic Farming and Consequences for Breeding Approaches and Techniques Klaus P. Wilbois, Brian Baker, Maaike Raaijmakers, and Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren Introduction Arguments Against Genetic Engineering Organic Basic Principles Toward Organic Breeding From Values to Criteria: Evaluation of Breeding Techniques How to Deal with Varieties Bred with Non-compliant Techniques? Toward Appropriate Standards to Promote Organic Plant Breeding Discussion and Challenges for Organic Plant Breeding References Chapter 8 Plant Breeding, Variety Release, and Seed Commercialization: Laws and Policies Applied to the Organic Sector Veronique Chable, Niels Louwaars, Kristina Hubbard, Brian Baker, and Riccardo Bocci Introduction The Developments of Plant Breeding and the Emergence of Seed Laws Variety Registration Seed Quality Control and Certification Special Needs for Organic Agriculture A Recent Development in Europe: Conservation Varieties Intellectual Property Rights and Plant Breeding Discussion Conclusions Notes References Section 2 Organic Plant Breeding in Specific Crops Chapter 9 Wheat: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems Matt Arterburn, Kevin Murphy, and Steve S. Jones Introduction Methods Traits for Selection in Organic Breeding Programs A Case Study for EPB: Lexi's Project A Case Study for Breeding within a Supply Chain Approach: Peter Kunz and Sativa Conclusion References Chapter 10 Maize: Breeding and Field Testing for Organic Farmers Walter A. Goldstein, Walter Schmidt, Henriette Burger, Monika Messmer, Linda M. Pollak, Margaret E. Smith, Major M. Goodman, Frank J. Kutka, and Richard C. Pratt Introduction What Kind of Maize do Organic Farmers Want? Are There Viable Alternatives to Single Cross Hybrids? Testing and Using Alternative Hybrids Are There Benefits for Breeding under Organic Conditions? For Which Traits Is It Necessary to Test under Organic Conditions? Choice of Parents for Breeding Programs Breeding Programs Future Directions Notes References Chapter 11 Rice: Crop Breeding Using Farmer-Led Participatory Plant Breeding Charito P. Medina Introduction MASIPAG and Participatory Rice Breeding Beyond PPB: Farmer-Led Rice Breeding The Breeding Process Outcomes of the MASIPAG Program Outlook References Chapter 12 Soybean: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems Johann Vollmann and Michelle Menken Introduction Agronomic Characters Seed Quality Features Considerations on Breeding Methods References Chapter 13 Faba Bean: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems Wolfgang Link and Lamiae Ghaouti Purposes of Breeding and Growing Faba Bean Genetic and Botanical Basics of Breeding Faba Bean Methodological Considerations Traits To Be Improved in Faba Bean Breeding Open Questions, Need for Action References Chapter 14 Potato: Perspectives to Breed for an Organic Crop Ideotype Marjolein Tiemens-Hulscher, Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren, and Ronald C.B. Hutten Introduction Required Cultivar Characteristics Introgression Breeding and Applied Techniques Participatory Approach: An Example from the Netherlands Outlook References Chapter 15 Tomato: Breeding for Improved Disease Resistance in Fresh Market and Home Garden Varieties Bernd Horneburg and James R. Myers Introduction Botanical and Genetic Characteristics of Tomato Rationale for Breeding Tomatoes within Organic Systems Breeding Needs with Focus on Organic Production Case Studies: Breeding for Late Blight Resistance in Europe and North America Outlook References Chapter 16 Brassicas: Breeding Cole Crops for Organic Agriculture James R. Myers, Laurie McKenzie, and Roeland E. Voorrips Introduction Rationale for Breeding within Organic Systems Plant Biology Traits Needed for Adaptation to Organic Production Consideration of Breeding Methods A Farmer Participatory Broccoli Breeding Program Outlook References Chapter 17 Onions: Breeding Onions for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture Olga E. Scholten and Thomas W. Kuyper Introduction Robust Onion Cultivars Breeding for Improved Nutrient Acquisition Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Product Quality Conclusion References Index
Contributors Foreword William F. Tracy Preface Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren and James R. Myers Acknowledgments Section 1 General Topics Related to Organic Plant Breeding Chapter 1 Organic Crop Breeding: Integrating Organic Agricultural Approaches and Traditional and Modern Plant Breeding Methods Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren and James R. Myers Introduction How Different Are Organic Farming Systems? Consequences for Cultivar Requirements From Cultivar Evaluation to Organic Seed Production and Plant Breeding Programs The History of Organic Crop Breeding in Europe and the United States Perspectives and Challenges for Breeding for Organic Agriculture Conclusion References Chapter 2 Nutrient Management in Organic Farming and Consequences for Direct and Indirect Selection Strategies Monika Messmer, Isabell Hildermann, Kristian Thorup-Kristensen, and Zed Rengel Introduction Availability of Nutrients in Organic Farming Roots: The Hidden Potential Even Greater Complexity: Plant-Microbe-Soil Interactions Importance of Selection Environments Breeding Strategies References Chapter 3 Pest and Disease Management in Organic Farming: Implications and Inspirations for Plant Breeding Thomas F. D oring, Marco Pautasso, Martin S. Wolfe, and Maria R. Finckh Introduction Plant Protection in Organic Farming Key Target Areas of Plant Breeding for Organic Plant Protection Breeding Goals for Ecological Plant Protection Plant Breeding Approaches Directly Targeting Pests or Diseases Plant Breeding Approaches with Indirect Effects on Plant Health Discussion and Conclusions References Chapter 4 Approaches to Breed for Improved Weed Suppression in Organically Grown Cereals Steve P. Hoad, Nils-Øve Bertholdsson, Daniel Neuhoff, and Ulrich K opke Background Crop Competitiveness Against Weeds Crop Traits Involved in Weed Suppression Selection of Traits and Their Evaluation in Plant Breeding Programs Selection Strategies Understanding Crop-Weed Interactions to Assist Plant Breeding Concluding Remarks and Wider Perspectives References Chapter 5 Breeding for Genetically Diverse Populations: Variety Mixtures and Evolutionary Populations Julie C. Dawson and Isabelle Goldringer Introduction Benefits of Genetic Diversity for Organic Agriculture On-Farm Conservation of Useful Genetic Diversity Breeding Strategies Conclusion References Chapter 6 Centralized or Decentralized Breeding: The Potentials of Participatory Approaches for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture Dominique Desclaux, Salvatore Ceccarelli, John Navazio, Micaela Coley, Gilles Trouche, Silvio Aguirre, Eva Weltzien, and Jacques Lanc on Introduction Centralized and Decentralized Breeding: Definitions What Can Be Decentralized in Breeding and Why? Participatory Approaches PPB: A Single Term Yielding Different Approaches Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Southern Countries Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Northern Countries General Conclusions and Limits of PPB Approaches in Organic Farming References Chapter 7 Values and Principles in Organic Farming and Consequences for Breeding Approaches and Techniques Klaus P. Wilbois, Brian Baker, Maaike Raaijmakers, and Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren Introduction Arguments Against Genetic Engineering Organic Basic Principles Toward Organic Breeding From Values to Criteria: Evaluation of Breeding Techniques How to Deal with Varieties Bred with Non-compliant Techniques? Toward Appropriate Standards to Promote Organic Plant Breeding Discussion and Challenges for Organic Plant Breeding References Chapter 8 Plant Breeding, Variety Release, and Seed Commercialization: Laws and Policies Applied to the Organic Sector Veronique Chable, Niels Louwaars, Kristina Hubbard, Brian Baker, and Riccardo Bocci Introduction The Developments of Plant Breeding and the Emergence of Seed Laws Variety Registration Seed Quality Control and Certification Special Needs for Organic Agriculture A Recent Development in Europe: Conservation Varieties Intellectual Property Rights and Plant Breeding Discussion Conclusions Notes References Section 2 Organic Plant Breeding in Specific Crops Chapter 9 Wheat: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems Matt Arterburn, Kevin Murphy, and Steve S. Jones Introduction Methods Traits for Selection in Organic Breeding Programs A Case Study for EPB: Lexi's Project A Case Study for Breeding within a Supply Chain Approach: Peter Kunz and Sativa Conclusion References Chapter 10 Maize: Breeding and Field Testing for Organic Farmers Walter A. Goldstein, Walter Schmidt, Henriette Burger, Monika Messmer, Linda M. Pollak, Margaret E. Smith, Major M. Goodman, Frank J. Kutka, and Richard C. Pratt Introduction What Kind of Maize do Organic Farmers Want? Are There Viable Alternatives to Single Cross Hybrids? Testing and Using Alternative Hybrids Are There Benefits for Breeding under Organic Conditions? For Which Traits Is It Necessary to Test under Organic Conditions? Choice of Parents for Breeding Programs Breeding Programs Future Directions Notes References Chapter 11 Rice: Crop Breeding Using Farmer-Led Participatory Plant Breeding Charito P. Medina Introduction MASIPAG and Participatory Rice Breeding Beyond PPB: Farmer-Led Rice Breeding The Breeding Process Outcomes of the MASIPAG Program Outlook References Chapter 12 Soybean: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems Johann Vollmann and Michelle Menken Introduction Agronomic Characters Seed Quality Features Considerations on Breeding Methods References Chapter 13 Faba Bean: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems Wolfgang Link and Lamiae Ghaouti Purposes of Breeding and Growing Faba Bean Genetic and Botanical Basics of Breeding Faba Bean Methodological Considerations Traits To Be Improved in Faba Bean Breeding Open Questions, Need for Action References Chapter 14 Potato: Perspectives to Breed for an Organic Crop Ideotype Marjolein Tiemens-Hulscher, Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren, and Ronald C.B. Hutten Introduction Required Cultivar Characteristics Introgression Breeding and Applied Techniques Participatory Approach: An Example from the Netherlands Outlook References Chapter 15 Tomato: Breeding for Improved Disease Resistance in Fresh Market and Home Garden Varieties Bernd Horneburg and James R. Myers Introduction Botanical and Genetic Characteristics of Tomato Rationale for Breeding Tomatoes within Organic Systems Breeding Needs with Focus on Organic Production Case Studies: Breeding for Late Blight Resistance in Europe and North America Outlook References Chapter 16 Brassicas: Breeding Cole Crops for Organic Agriculture James R. Myers, Laurie McKenzie, and Roeland E. Voorrips Introduction Rationale for Breeding within Organic Systems Plant Biology Traits Needed for Adaptation to Organic Production Consideration of Breeding Methods A Farmer Participatory Broccoli Breeding Program Outlook References Chapter 17 Onions: Breeding Onions for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture Olga E. Scholten and Thomas W. Kuyper Introduction Robust Onion Cultivars Breeding for Improved Nutrient Acquisition Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Product Quality Conclusion References Index
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