Modern Methods in Crop Protection Research (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

This handbook and ready reference highlights a couple of basic aspects of recently developed new methods in modern crop protection research, authored by renowned experts from major agrochemical companies. Organized into four major parts that trace the key phases of the compound development process, the first section addresses compound design, while the second covers newly developed methods for the identification of the mode of action of agrochemical compounds. The third part describes methods used in improving the bioavailability of compounds, and the final section looks at modern methods for risk assessment. As a result, the agrochemical developer will find here a valuable toolbox of advanced methods, complete with first-hand practical advice and copious examples from current industrial practice.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley-VCH
• Seitenzahl: 442
• Erscheinungstermin: 8. Februar 2013
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9783527655939
• Artikelnr.: 37485664

Autorenporträt

Peter Jeschke gained his PhD in organic chemistry at the University of Halle/Wittenberg (Germany), after which he moved to Fahlberg-List Company (Germany) to pursue agrochemical research before going to the Institute of Neurobiology and Brain Research, German Academy of Sciences. In 1989 he joined Bayer as lab leader in animal health research and eight years later he took a position at the Bayer Crop Protection Business Group, where he is currently Head of Research Pest Control Chemistry 2. Since 2011, he is honorary professor at the University of Düsseldorf (Germany). Prof. Dr. Jeschke has more than 180 patent applications and scientific publications to his name. Wolfgang Krämer gained his PhD in organic chemistry from the TU Stuttgart (Germany) in 1968, after which he joined the Institute of Textile Chemistry at Stuttgart University, before moving to Bayer Plant Protection as lab leader in plant protection research in 1970. Between 1984 and 1990 he was Head of Global Chemistry Fungicides, and Head of Insecticide Chemistry thereafter. Retired since 2005, Dr. Krämer has over 250 patent applications and publications to his name. Ulrich Schirmer received his PhD in organic chemistry from Stuttgart University (Germany) in 1973, and worked subsequently postdoctoral as a researcher at Paris-Orsay (France). He joined BASF in 1974, eventually becoming Senior Vice President responsible for plant protection research for chemical synthesis, process development and biological R&D. Since 2003, he has been working as a freelance consultant to start-ups in the fields of biotechnology, chemistry and agriculture. Dr. Schirmer is author and co-author of more than 100 patent applications and scientific publications. Matthias Witschel received his PhD in organic chemistry in 1994 at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (Germany). After his post-doctoral stay at Stanford University, California (USA), he started in 1996 at BASF in herbicide research, where he is now Principal Scientist in the Global Research Herbicides, Agricultural Products, based in Ludwigshafen (Germany). Dr. Witschel is the author and co-author of over 160 patents and scientific publications.

Inhaltsangabe

PREFACE PART I: Methods for the Design and Optimization of New Active Ingredients HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING IN AGROCHEMICAL RESEARCH Introduction Target-Based High-Throughput Screening Other Screening Approaches In Vivo High-Throughput Screening Conclusions COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH Introduction Research Strategies Ligand-Based Approaches Structure-Based Approaches Estimation of Adverse Effects In-Silico Toxicology Programs and Databases Conclusion QUANTUM CHEMICAL METHODS IN THE DESIGN OF AGROCHEMICALS Introduction Computational Quantum Chemistry: Basics, Challenges, and New Developments Minimum Energy Structures and Potential Energy Surfaces Physico-Chemical Properties Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships Outlook THE UNIQUE ROLE OF HALOGEN SUBSTITUENTS IN THE DESIGN OF MODERN CROP PROTECTION COMPOUNDS Introduction The Halogen Substituent Effect Insecticides and Acaricides Containing Halogens Fungicides Containing Halogens Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) Containing Halogens Herbicides Containing Halogens Summary and Outlook PART II: New Methods to Identify the Mode of Action of Active Ingredients RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAI) FOR FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS STUDIES AND AS A TOOL FOR CROP PROTECTION Introduction RNA Silencing Pathways RNAi as a Tool for Functional Genomics in Plants RNAi as a Tool for Engineering Resistance against Fungi and Oomycetes RNAi as a Tool for Engineering Insect Resistance RNAi as a Tool for Engineering Nematodes Resistance RNAi as a Tool for Engineering Virus Resistance RNAi as a Tool for Engineering Bacteria Resistance RNAi as a Tool for Engineering Parasitic Weed Resistance RNAi Safety in Crop Plants Summary and Outlook FAST IDENTIFICATION OF THE MODE OF ACTION OF HERBICIDES BY DNA CHIPS Introduction Gene Expression Profiling: A Method to Measure Changes of the Complete Transcriptome Classification of the Mode of Action of an Herbicide Identification of Prodrugs by Gene Expression Profiling Analyzing the Affected Metabolic Pathways Gene Expression Profiling: Part of a Toolbox for Mode of Action Determination MODERN APPROACHES FOR ELUCIDATING THE MODE OF ACTION OF NEUROMUSCULAR INSECTICIDES Introduction Biochemical and Electrophysiological Approaches Fluorescence-Based Approaches for Mode of Action Elucidation Genomic Approaches for Target Site Elucidation Conclusion NEW TARGETS FOR FUNGICIDES Introduction: Current Fungicide Targets A Retrospective Look at the Discovery of Targets for Fungicides New Sources for New Fungicide Targets in the Future? Methods to Identify a Novel Target for a Given Compound Methods of Identifying Novel Targets without Pre-Existing Inhibitors Non-Protein Targets Resistance Inducers Beneficial Side Effects of Commercial Fungicides Concluding Remarks PART III: New Methods to Improve the Bioavailability of Active Ingredients NEW FORMULATION DEVELOPMENTS Introduction Drivers for Formulation Type Decisions Description of Formulation Types, Their Properties, and Problems during Development Bioavailability Optimization Conclusions and Outlook POLYMORPHISM AND THE ORGANIC SOLID STATE: INFLUENCE ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF AGROCHEMICALS Introduction Theoretical Principles of Polymorphism Analytical Characterization of Polymorphs Patentability of Polymorphs Summary and Outlook THE DETERMINATION OF ABRAHAM DESCRIPTORS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO CROP PROTECTION RESEARCH Introduction Definition of Abraham Descriptors Determination of Abraham Descriptors: General Approach Determination of Abraham Descriptors: Physical Properties Determination of Abraham Descriptors: Examples Application of Abraham Descriptors: Descriptor Profiles Application of Abraham Descriptors: LFER Analysis Application of Abraham Descriptors: Generality of Approach PART IV: Modern Methods for Risk Assessment ECOLOGICAL MODELING IN PESTICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT: CHANCES AND CHALLENGES Introduction Ecological