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Written by renowned experts in the field of photon management in solar cells, this one-stop reference gives an introduction to the physics of light management in solar cells, and discusses the different concepts and methods of applying photon management. The authors cover the physics, principles, concepts, technologies, and methods used, explaining how to increase the efficiency of solar cells by splitting or modifying the solar spectrum before they absorb the sunlight. In so doing, they present novel concepts and materials allowing for the cheaper, more flexible manufacture of solar cells and…mehr
Written by renowned experts in the field of photon management in solar cells, this one-stop reference gives an introduction to the physics of light management in solar cells, and discusses the different concepts and methods of applying photon management. The authors cover the physics, principles, concepts, technologies, and methods used, explaining how to increase the efficiency of solar cells by splitting or modifying the solar spectrum before they absorb the sunlight. In so doing, they present novel concepts and materials allowing for the cheaper, more flexible manufacture of solar cells and systems. For educational purposes, the authors have split the reasons for photon management into spatial and spectral light management. Bridging the gap between the photonics and the photovoltaics communities, this is an invaluable reference for materials scientists, physicists in industry, experimental physicists, lecturers in physics, Ph.D. students in physics and material sciences, engineers in power technology, applied and surface physicists.
Ralf B. Wehrspohn studied physics at the University of Oldenburg, Germany, and received his Ph.D. degree from the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris in 1997. Until 1999 he worked on thin-film transistors for AMLCDs at Philips Research. From 1999 until 2003 he led the Porous Materials/Photonic Crystals group at the Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics in Halle, after which he held a chair at the Physics department of the University of Paderborn for three years. Since 2006, he has been the director of the Fraunhofer-Institute for Mechanics of Materials and a Professor of Physics at the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg. Professor Wehrspohn was awarded the Maier-Leibnitz Prize of the German Science Foundation in 2003. Uwe Rau is full professor at RWTH Aachen (Faculty Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, chair of photovoltaics) since 2007 and is head of the energy research IEF-55 photovoltaic institute at the research center in Julich. He obtained his PhD 1991 from Physical Institute of the University Tubingen (Prof. Huebener) and was scientific group leader from 1995-2007 at the University Bayreuth and Stuttgart. Andreas Gombert is chief technology officer of Concentrix Solar, Freiburg, Germany, a division of the Soitec Group.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface CURRENT CONCEPTS FOR OPTICAL PATH ENHANCEMENT IN SOLAR CELLS Introduction Planar Antireflection Coatings Optical Path Enhancement in the Ray Optical Limit Scattering Structures for Optical Path Enhancement Resonant Structures for Optical Path Enhancement Ultra-Light Trapping Energy-Selective Structures as Intermediate Reflectors for Optical Path Enhancement in Tandem Solar Cells Comparison of the Concepts Conclusions THE PRINCIPLE OF DETAILED BALANCE AND THE OPTO-ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF SOLAR CELLS Introduction Opto-Electronic Reciprocity Connection to Other Reciprocity Theorems Applications of the Opto-Electronic Reciprocity Theorem Limitations to the Opto-Electronic Reciprocity Theorem Conclusions REAR SIDE DIFFRACTIVE GRATINGS FOR SILICON WAFER SOLAR CELLS Introduction Principle of Light Trapping with Gratings Fundamental Limits of Light Trapping with Gratings Simulation of Gratings in Solar Cells Realization Topographical Characterization Summary RANDOMLY TEXTURED SURFACES Introduction Methodology Properties of an Isolated Interface Single-Junction Solar Cell Intermediate Layer in Tandem Solar Cells Conclusions BLACK SILICON PHOTOVOLTAICS Introduction Optical Properties and Light Trapping Possibilities Surface Passivation of Black Silicon Black Silicon Solar Cells CONCENTRATOR OPTICS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS Fundamentals of Solar Concentration Optical Designs Silicone on Glass Fresnel Lenses Considerations on Concentrators in HCPV Systems Conclusions LIGHT-TRAPPING IN SOLAR CELLS BY DIRECTIONALLY SELECTIVE FILTERS Introduction Theory Filter Systems Experimental Realization Summary and Outlook LINEAR OPTICS OF PLASMONIC CONCEPTS TO ENHANCE SOLAR CELL PERFORMANCE Introduction Metal Nanoparticles Surface-Plasmon Polaritons Front-Side Plasmonic Nanostructures Rear-Side Plasmonic Nanostructures Further Concepts Summary UP-CONVERSION MATERIALS FOR ENHANCED EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR CELLS Introduction Up-Conversion in Er3+-Doped ZBLAN Glasses Up-Conversion in Er3+-Doped Beta-NaYF4 Simulating Up-Conversion with a Rate-Equation Model Increasing Up-Conversion Efficiencies Conclusion DOWN-CONVERSION IN RARE-EARTH DOPED GLASSES AND GLASS CERAMICS Introduction Physical Background Down-Conversion in ZBLAN Glasses and Glass Ceramics Down-Conversion in Sm-Doped Borate Glasses for High-Efficiency CdTe Solar Cells Summary FLUORESCENT CONCENTRATORS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS Introduction The Theoretical Description of Fluorescent Concentrators Materials for Fluorescent Concentrators Experimentally Realized Fluorescent Concentrator Systems Conclusion LIGHT MANAGEMENT IN SOLAR MODULES Introduction Fundamentals of Light Management in Solar Modules Technological Solutions for Minimized Optical Losses in Solar Modules Outlook Index
Preface CURRENT CONCEPTS FOR OPTICAL PATH ENHANCEMENT IN SOLAR CELLS Introduction Planar Antireflection Coatings Optical Path Enhancement in the Ray Optical Limit Scattering Structures for Optical Path Enhancement Resonant Structures for Optical Path Enhancement Ultra-Light Trapping Energy-Selective Structures as Intermediate Reflectors for Optical Path Enhancement in Tandem Solar Cells Comparison of the Concepts Conclusions THE PRINCIPLE OF DETAILED BALANCE AND THE OPTO-ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF SOLAR CELLS Introduction Opto-Electronic Reciprocity Connection to Other Reciprocity Theorems Applications of the Opto-Electronic Reciprocity Theorem Limitations to the Opto-Electronic Reciprocity Theorem Conclusions REAR SIDE DIFFRACTIVE GRATINGS FOR SILICON WAFER SOLAR CELLS Introduction Principle of Light Trapping with Gratings Fundamental Limits of Light Trapping with Gratings Simulation of Gratings in Solar Cells Realization Topographical Characterization Summary RANDOMLY TEXTURED SURFACES Introduction Methodology Properties of an Isolated Interface Single-Junction Solar Cell Intermediate Layer in Tandem Solar Cells Conclusions BLACK SILICON PHOTOVOLTAICS Introduction Optical Properties and Light Trapping Possibilities Surface Passivation of Black Silicon Black Silicon Solar Cells CONCENTRATOR OPTICS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS Fundamentals of Solar Concentration Optical Designs Silicone on Glass Fresnel Lenses Considerations on Concentrators in HCPV Systems Conclusions LIGHT-TRAPPING IN SOLAR CELLS BY DIRECTIONALLY SELECTIVE FILTERS Introduction Theory Filter Systems Experimental Realization Summary and Outlook LINEAR OPTICS OF PLASMONIC CONCEPTS TO ENHANCE SOLAR CELL PERFORMANCE Introduction Metal Nanoparticles Surface-Plasmon Polaritons Front-Side Plasmonic Nanostructures Rear-Side Plasmonic Nanostructures Further Concepts Summary UP-CONVERSION MATERIALS FOR ENHANCED EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR CELLS Introduction Up-Conversion in Er3+-Doped ZBLAN Glasses Up-Conversion in Er3+-Doped Beta-NaYF4 Simulating Up-Conversion with a Rate-Equation Model Increasing Up-Conversion Efficiencies Conclusion DOWN-CONVERSION IN RARE-EARTH DOPED GLASSES AND GLASS CERAMICS Introduction Physical Background Down-Conversion in ZBLAN Glasses and Glass Ceramics Down-Conversion in Sm-Doped Borate Glasses for High-Efficiency CdTe Solar Cells Summary FLUORESCENT CONCENTRATORS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS Introduction The Theoretical Description of Fluorescent Concentrators Materials for Fluorescent Concentrators Experimentally Realized Fluorescent Concentrator Systems Conclusion LIGHT MANAGEMENT IN SOLAR MODULES Introduction Fundamentals of Light Management in Solar Modules Technological Solutions for Minimized Optical Losses in Solar Modules Outlook Index
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