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A book to cover developments in corrosion inhibitors is long overdue. This has been addressed by Dr Sastri in a book which presents fundamental aspects of corrosion inhibition, historical developments and the industrial applications of inhibitors. The book deals with the electrochemical principles and chemical aspects of corrosion inhibition, such as stability of metal complexes, the Hammett equation, hard and soft acid and base principle, quantum chemical aspects and Hansch' s model and also with the various surface analysis techniques, e.g. XPS, Auger, SIMS and Raman spectroscopy, that are…mehr
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A book to cover developments in corrosion inhibitors is long overdue. This has been addressed by Dr Sastri in a book which presents fundamental aspects of corrosion inhibition, historical developments and the industrial applications of inhibitors. The book deals with the electrochemical principles and chemical aspects of corrosion inhibition, such as stability of metal complexes, the Hammett equation, hard and soft acid and base principle, quantum chemical aspects and Hansch' s model and also with the various surface analysis techniques, e.g. XPS, Auger, SIMS and Raman spectroscopy, that are used in industry for corrosion inhibition. The applications of corrosion inhibition are wide ranging. Examples given in this book include: oil and gas wells, petrochemical plants, steel reinforced cement, water cooling systems, and many more. The final chapters discuss economic and environmental considerations which are now of prime importance. The book is written for researchers in academia and industry, practicing corrosion engineers and students of materials science, engineering and applied chemistry.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 304
- Erscheinungstermin: 14. Februar 2012
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118015414
- Artikelnr.: 37338948
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 304
- Erscheinungstermin: 14. Februar 2012
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118015414
- Artikelnr.: 37338948
V. S. Vedula Sastri, PhD, has over thirty-five years of experience in corrosion and chemical processes. Since 1994, he has been a consultant for Sai Ram Consultants. Dr. Sastri has written five books, approximately 150 papers in scientific journals, and has edited proceedings for five international conferences of the Metallurgical Society of CIM.
Preface. 1 Introduction and Forms of Corrosion. 1.1 Definition. 1.2
Developments in Corrosion Science. 1.3 Development of Some
Corrosion-Related Phenomena. 1.4 Economics of Corrosion. 1.5 Safety and
Environmental Considerations. 1.6 Forms of Corrosion. 1.6.1 General
Corrosion. 1.6.2 Galvanic Corrosion. 1.6.3 Crevice Corrosion. 1.6.4 Pitting
Corrosion. 1.6.5 Dealloying or Selective Leaching. 1.6.6 Intergranular
Corrosion. 1.6.7 Cavitation Damage. 1.6.8 Fretting Corrosion. 1.6.9
Corrosion Fatigue. 1.6.10 Stress-Corrosion Cracking. 1.7 Corrosion
Inhibition. References. 2 Electrochemical Principles and Corrosion
Monitoring. 2.1 Thermodynamic Basis. 2.2 Nature of Corrosion Reactions. 2.3
Standard Electrode Potentials. 2.4 Pourbaix Diagrams. 2.5 Dynamic
Electrochemical Processes. 2.6 Monitoring Corrosion and Effectiveness of
Corrosion Inhibitors. 2.6.1 Objectives of Corrosion Monitoring. 2.6.2
Corrosion Monitoring Probe Location. 2.6.3 Probe Type and its Selection.
2.6.4 Direct Intrusive Corrosion Monitoring Techniques. 2.6.4.1 Physical
Techniques. 2.6.4.2 Electrical Resistance. 2.6.4.3 Inductive Resistance
Probes (22). 2.6.4.4 Electrochemical Techniques. 2.6.4.5 Linear
Polarization Resistance. 2.6.4.6 Zero-Resistance Ammetry. 2.6.4.7
Potentiodynamic-Galvanodynamic Polarization. 2.6.4.8 Electrochemical Noise.
2.6.4.9 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. 2.6.4.10 Harmonic
Distortion Analysis. 2.6.5 Direct Nonintrusive Techniques. 2.6.5.1
Ultrasonics. 2.6.5.2 Magnetic Flux Leakage. 2.6.5.3 Eddy Current Technique.
2.6.5.4 Remote Field Eddy Current Technique. 2.6.5.5 Radiography. 2.6.5.6
Thin-Layer Activation and Gamma Radiography. 2.6.5.7 Electrical Field
Mapping. 2.6.6 Indirect On-Line Measurement Techniques. 2.6.6.1 Hydrogen
Monitoring. 2.6.6.2 Corrosion Potential. 2.6.6.3 On-Line Water Chemistry
Parameters. 2.6.6.3.1 pH. 2.6.6.3.2 Conductivity. 2.6.6.3.3 Dissolved
Oxygen. 2.6.6.3.4 Oxidation-Reduction Potential. 2.6.7 Fluid Detection.
2.6.7.1 Flow Regime. 2.6.7.2 Flow Velocity. 2.6.7.3 Process Parameters.
2.6.7.4 Pressure. 2.6.7.5 Temperature. 2.6.7.6 Dew Point. 2.6.7.7 Fouling.
2.6.8 Indirect Off-Line Measurement Techniques. 2.6.8.1 Off-Line Water
Chemistry Parameters. 2.6.8.1.1 Alkalinity. 2.6.8.1.2 Metal Ion Analysis.
2.6.8.1.3 Concentration of Dissolved Solids. 2.6.8.1.4 Gas Analysis.
2.6.8.1.5 Residual Oxidant. 2.6.8.1.6 Microbiological Analysis. 2.6.8.1.7
Residual Inhibitor. 2.6.8.1.8 Filming Corrosion Inhibitor Residual.
2.6.8.1.9 Reactant Corrosion Inhibitor Residual. 2.6.8.1.10 Chemical
Analysis of Process Samples. 2.6.8.1.11 Sulfur Content. 2.6.8.1.12 Total
Acid Number. 2.6.8.1.13 Nitrogen Content. 2.6.8.1.14 Salt Content of Crude
Oil. References. 3 Adsorption in Corrosion Inhibition. 3.1 Adsorption of
Inhibitor at the Metal Surface. 3.2 Corrosion Inhibitors. 3.3 Adsorption
Isotherms. 3.4 Anodic Dissolution and Adsorption. 3.4.1 Formation of
Passive Films. 3.5 Role of Oxyanions (Passivation) in Corrosion Inhibition.
3.6 Inhibition of Localized Corrosion. 3.7 Adsorption of Halide Ions. 3.8
Influence of Environmental Factors. 3.9 Adsorption Interactions. 3.10
Passivation of Metals. 3.11 Inhibition of Localized Corrosion. References.
4 Corrosion Inhibition: Theory and Practice. 4.1 Factors Pertaining to
Metal Samples. 4.1.1 Sample Preparation. 4.1.2 Environmental Factors. 4.1.3
Concentration of Inhibitor. 4.1.4 Process Conditions. 4.2 Inhibitors in
Use. 4.3 Cooling Systems. 4.4 Processing with Acid Solutions. 4.5 Corrosion
Problems in the Oil Industry. 4.6 Corrosion Inhibition of Reinforcing Steel
in Concrete. 4.7 Corrosion Inhibition in Coal-Water Slurry Pipelines. 4.8
Corrosion Inhibition in the Mining Industry. 4.9 Atmospheric Corrosion
Inhibition. References. 5 Corrosion Inhibition Mechanisms. 5.1 Interface
Corrosion Inhibition. 5.2 Structure of the Inhibitor. 5.2.1 Stability
Constants of Zinc-Triazole Complexes (15). 5.3 Structure-Activity
Relationships. 5.4 Quantum Chemical Considerations. 5.4.1 Application of
Hard and Soft Acid and Base Principle in Corrosion Inhibition. 5.5
Inhibitor Field Theory of Corrosion Inhibition. 5.6 Application to Typical
Metal-Inhibitor Systems. 5.7 Photochemical Corrosion Inhibition. 5.8
Influence of Inhibitors on Corrosion Reactions in Acid Media. 5.9 Corrosion
Inhibition in Neutral Solutions. 5.10 Corrosion Inhibition of Iron:
Interphase and Intraphase Inhibition. 5.11 Passive Oxide Films. 5.12
Interaction of Anions with Oxide Films. References. 6 Industrial
Applications of Corrosion Inhibition. 6.1 Corrosion Inhibition of
Reinforcing Steel in Concrete. 6.2 Corrosion Inhibition in Coal-Water
Slurries. 6.3 Corrosion Inhibition in Cooling Water Systems. 6.4 Molybdate
Inhibitor in Corrosion Inhibition. 6.5 Corrosion Inhibition in Acid
Solutions. 6.5.1 Acid Pickling. 6.6 Oxygen Scavengers. 6.7 Inhibition of
Corrosion by Organic Coatings. 6.8 Mechanism of Protection by Tannins. 6.9
Corrosion Inhibition of Titanium and Zirconium in Acid Media. 6.10
Corrosion Resistance of Several Metals and Alloys. References. 7
Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors. 7.1 Standardized
Environmental Testing. 7.2 Summary of PARCOM Guidelines. 7.2.1 Toxicity: As
Measured on Full Formulation. 7.2.2 Biodegradation. 7.2.3 Partition
Coefficient. 7.2.4 Toxicity Testing. 7.3 Macrocyclic Compounds in Corrosion
Inhibition. 7.4 Environmentally Green Inhibitors. 7.5 Role of Rare Earth
Compounds in Replacing Chromate Inhibitors. 7.6 Oleochemicals as Corrosion
Inhibitors. 7.7 Hybrid Coatings and Corrosion Inhibitors. 7.8 Barbiturates
as Green Corrosion Inhibitors. 7.9 Corrosion Prevention of Copper Using
Ultrathin Organic Monolayers. 7.10 Corrosion of Titanium Biomaterials. 7.11
Corrosion Control in the Electronics Industry. References. Index.
Developments in Corrosion Science. 1.3 Development of Some
Corrosion-Related Phenomena. 1.4 Economics of Corrosion. 1.5 Safety and
Environmental Considerations. 1.6 Forms of Corrosion. 1.6.1 General
Corrosion. 1.6.2 Galvanic Corrosion. 1.6.3 Crevice Corrosion. 1.6.4 Pitting
Corrosion. 1.6.5 Dealloying or Selective Leaching. 1.6.6 Intergranular
Corrosion. 1.6.7 Cavitation Damage. 1.6.8 Fretting Corrosion. 1.6.9
Corrosion Fatigue. 1.6.10 Stress-Corrosion Cracking. 1.7 Corrosion
Inhibition. References. 2 Electrochemical Principles and Corrosion
Monitoring. 2.1 Thermodynamic Basis. 2.2 Nature of Corrosion Reactions. 2.3
Standard Electrode Potentials. 2.4 Pourbaix Diagrams. 2.5 Dynamic
Electrochemical Processes. 2.6 Monitoring Corrosion and Effectiveness of
Corrosion Inhibitors. 2.6.1 Objectives of Corrosion Monitoring. 2.6.2
Corrosion Monitoring Probe Location. 2.6.3 Probe Type and its Selection.
2.6.4 Direct Intrusive Corrosion Monitoring Techniques. 2.6.4.1 Physical
Techniques. 2.6.4.2 Electrical Resistance. 2.6.4.3 Inductive Resistance
Probes (22). 2.6.4.4 Electrochemical Techniques. 2.6.4.5 Linear
Polarization Resistance. 2.6.4.6 Zero-Resistance Ammetry. 2.6.4.7
Potentiodynamic-Galvanodynamic Polarization. 2.6.4.8 Electrochemical Noise.
2.6.4.9 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. 2.6.4.10 Harmonic
Distortion Analysis. 2.6.5 Direct Nonintrusive Techniques. 2.6.5.1
Ultrasonics. 2.6.5.2 Magnetic Flux Leakage. 2.6.5.3 Eddy Current Technique.
2.6.5.4 Remote Field Eddy Current Technique. 2.6.5.5 Radiography. 2.6.5.6
Thin-Layer Activation and Gamma Radiography. 2.6.5.7 Electrical Field
Mapping. 2.6.6 Indirect On-Line Measurement Techniques. 2.6.6.1 Hydrogen
Monitoring. 2.6.6.2 Corrosion Potential. 2.6.6.3 On-Line Water Chemistry
Parameters. 2.6.6.3.1 pH. 2.6.6.3.2 Conductivity. 2.6.6.3.3 Dissolved
Oxygen. 2.6.6.3.4 Oxidation-Reduction Potential. 2.6.7 Fluid Detection.
2.6.7.1 Flow Regime. 2.6.7.2 Flow Velocity. 2.6.7.3 Process Parameters.
2.6.7.4 Pressure. 2.6.7.5 Temperature. 2.6.7.6 Dew Point. 2.6.7.7 Fouling.
2.6.8 Indirect Off-Line Measurement Techniques. 2.6.8.1 Off-Line Water
Chemistry Parameters. 2.6.8.1.1 Alkalinity. 2.6.8.1.2 Metal Ion Analysis.
2.6.8.1.3 Concentration of Dissolved Solids. 2.6.8.1.4 Gas Analysis.
2.6.8.1.5 Residual Oxidant. 2.6.8.1.6 Microbiological Analysis. 2.6.8.1.7
Residual Inhibitor. 2.6.8.1.8 Filming Corrosion Inhibitor Residual.
2.6.8.1.9 Reactant Corrosion Inhibitor Residual. 2.6.8.1.10 Chemical
Analysis of Process Samples. 2.6.8.1.11 Sulfur Content. 2.6.8.1.12 Total
Acid Number. 2.6.8.1.13 Nitrogen Content. 2.6.8.1.14 Salt Content of Crude
Oil. References. 3 Adsorption in Corrosion Inhibition. 3.1 Adsorption of
Inhibitor at the Metal Surface. 3.2 Corrosion Inhibitors. 3.3 Adsorption
Isotherms. 3.4 Anodic Dissolution and Adsorption. 3.4.1 Formation of
Passive Films. 3.5 Role of Oxyanions (Passivation) in Corrosion Inhibition.
3.6 Inhibition of Localized Corrosion. 3.7 Adsorption of Halide Ions. 3.8
Influence of Environmental Factors. 3.9 Adsorption Interactions. 3.10
Passivation of Metals. 3.11 Inhibition of Localized Corrosion. References.
4 Corrosion Inhibition: Theory and Practice. 4.1 Factors Pertaining to
Metal Samples. 4.1.1 Sample Preparation. 4.1.2 Environmental Factors. 4.1.3
Concentration of Inhibitor. 4.1.4 Process Conditions. 4.2 Inhibitors in
Use. 4.3 Cooling Systems. 4.4 Processing with Acid Solutions. 4.5 Corrosion
Problems in the Oil Industry. 4.6 Corrosion Inhibition of Reinforcing Steel
in Concrete. 4.7 Corrosion Inhibition in Coal-Water Slurry Pipelines. 4.8
Corrosion Inhibition in the Mining Industry. 4.9 Atmospheric Corrosion
Inhibition. References. 5 Corrosion Inhibition Mechanisms. 5.1 Interface
Corrosion Inhibition. 5.2 Structure of the Inhibitor. 5.2.1 Stability
Constants of Zinc-Triazole Complexes (15). 5.3 Structure-Activity
Relationships. 5.4 Quantum Chemical Considerations. 5.4.1 Application of
Hard and Soft Acid and Base Principle in Corrosion Inhibition. 5.5
Inhibitor Field Theory of Corrosion Inhibition. 5.6 Application to Typical
Metal-Inhibitor Systems. 5.7 Photochemical Corrosion Inhibition. 5.8
Influence of Inhibitors on Corrosion Reactions in Acid Media. 5.9 Corrosion
Inhibition in Neutral Solutions. 5.10 Corrosion Inhibition of Iron:
Interphase and Intraphase Inhibition. 5.11 Passive Oxide Films. 5.12
Interaction of Anions with Oxide Films. References. 6 Industrial
Applications of Corrosion Inhibition. 6.1 Corrosion Inhibition of
Reinforcing Steel in Concrete. 6.2 Corrosion Inhibition in Coal-Water
Slurries. 6.3 Corrosion Inhibition in Cooling Water Systems. 6.4 Molybdate
Inhibitor in Corrosion Inhibition. 6.5 Corrosion Inhibition in Acid
Solutions. 6.5.1 Acid Pickling. 6.6 Oxygen Scavengers. 6.7 Inhibition of
Corrosion by Organic Coatings. 6.8 Mechanism of Protection by Tannins. 6.9
Corrosion Inhibition of Titanium and Zirconium in Acid Media. 6.10
Corrosion Resistance of Several Metals and Alloys. References. 7
Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors. 7.1 Standardized
Environmental Testing. 7.2 Summary of PARCOM Guidelines. 7.2.1 Toxicity: As
Measured on Full Formulation. 7.2.2 Biodegradation. 7.2.3 Partition
Coefficient. 7.2.4 Toxicity Testing. 7.3 Macrocyclic Compounds in Corrosion
Inhibition. 7.4 Environmentally Green Inhibitors. 7.5 Role of Rare Earth
Compounds in Replacing Chromate Inhibitors. 7.6 Oleochemicals as Corrosion
Inhibitors. 7.7 Hybrid Coatings and Corrosion Inhibitors. 7.8 Barbiturates
as Green Corrosion Inhibitors. 7.9 Corrosion Prevention of Copper Using
Ultrathin Organic Monolayers. 7.10 Corrosion of Titanium Biomaterials. 7.11
Corrosion Control in the Electronics Industry. References. Index.
Preface. 1 Introduction and Forms of Corrosion. 1.1 Definition. 1.2
Developments in Corrosion Science. 1.3 Development of Some
Corrosion-Related Phenomena. 1.4 Economics of Corrosion. 1.5 Safety and
Environmental Considerations. 1.6 Forms of Corrosion. 1.6.1 General
Corrosion. 1.6.2 Galvanic Corrosion. 1.6.3 Crevice Corrosion. 1.6.4 Pitting
Corrosion. 1.6.5 Dealloying or Selective Leaching. 1.6.6 Intergranular
Corrosion. 1.6.7 Cavitation Damage. 1.6.8 Fretting Corrosion. 1.6.9
Corrosion Fatigue. 1.6.10 Stress-Corrosion Cracking. 1.7 Corrosion
Inhibition. References. 2 Electrochemical Principles and Corrosion
Monitoring. 2.1 Thermodynamic Basis. 2.2 Nature of Corrosion Reactions. 2.3
Standard Electrode Potentials. 2.4 Pourbaix Diagrams. 2.5 Dynamic
Electrochemical Processes. 2.6 Monitoring Corrosion and Effectiveness of
Corrosion Inhibitors. 2.6.1 Objectives of Corrosion Monitoring. 2.6.2
Corrosion Monitoring Probe Location. 2.6.3 Probe Type and its Selection.
2.6.4 Direct Intrusive Corrosion Monitoring Techniques. 2.6.4.1 Physical
Techniques. 2.6.4.2 Electrical Resistance. 2.6.4.3 Inductive Resistance
Probes (22). 2.6.4.4 Electrochemical Techniques. 2.6.4.5 Linear
Polarization Resistance. 2.6.4.6 Zero-Resistance Ammetry. 2.6.4.7
Potentiodynamic-Galvanodynamic Polarization. 2.6.4.8 Electrochemical Noise.
2.6.4.9 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. 2.6.4.10 Harmonic
Distortion Analysis. 2.6.5 Direct Nonintrusive Techniques. 2.6.5.1
Ultrasonics. 2.6.5.2 Magnetic Flux Leakage. 2.6.5.3 Eddy Current Technique.
2.6.5.4 Remote Field Eddy Current Technique. 2.6.5.5 Radiography. 2.6.5.6
Thin-Layer Activation and Gamma Radiography. 2.6.5.7 Electrical Field
Mapping. 2.6.6 Indirect On-Line Measurement Techniques. 2.6.6.1 Hydrogen
Monitoring. 2.6.6.2 Corrosion Potential. 2.6.6.3 On-Line Water Chemistry
Parameters. 2.6.6.3.1 pH. 2.6.6.3.2 Conductivity. 2.6.6.3.3 Dissolved
Oxygen. 2.6.6.3.4 Oxidation-Reduction Potential. 2.6.7 Fluid Detection.
2.6.7.1 Flow Regime. 2.6.7.2 Flow Velocity. 2.6.7.3 Process Parameters.
2.6.7.4 Pressure. 2.6.7.5 Temperature. 2.6.7.6 Dew Point. 2.6.7.7 Fouling.
2.6.8 Indirect Off-Line Measurement Techniques. 2.6.8.1 Off-Line Water
Chemistry Parameters. 2.6.8.1.1 Alkalinity. 2.6.8.1.2 Metal Ion Analysis.
2.6.8.1.3 Concentration of Dissolved Solids. 2.6.8.1.4 Gas Analysis.
2.6.8.1.5 Residual Oxidant. 2.6.8.1.6 Microbiological Analysis. 2.6.8.1.7
Residual Inhibitor. 2.6.8.1.8 Filming Corrosion Inhibitor Residual.
2.6.8.1.9 Reactant Corrosion Inhibitor Residual. 2.6.8.1.10 Chemical
Analysis of Process Samples. 2.6.8.1.11 Sulfur Content. 2.6.8.1.12 Total
Acid Number. 2.6.8.1.13 Nitrogen Content. 2.6.8.1.14 Salt Content of Crude
Oil. References. 3 Adsorption in Corrosion Inhibition. 3.1 Adsorption of
Inhibitor at the Metal Surface. 3.2 Corrosion Inhibitors. 3.3 Adsorption
Isotherms. 3.4 Anodic Dissolution and Adsorption. 3.4.1 Formation of
Passive Films. 3.5 Role of Oxyanions (Passivation) in Corrosion Inhibition.
3.6 Inhibition of Localized Corrosion. 3.7 Adsorption of Halide Ions. 3.8
Influence of Environmental Factors. 3.9 Adsorption Interactions. 3.10
Passivation of Metals. 3.11 Inhibition of Localized Corrosion. References.
4 Corrosion Inhibition: Theory and Practice. 4.1 Factors Pertaining to
Metal Samples. 4.1.1 Sample Preparation. 4.1.2 Environmental Factors. 4.1.3
Concentration of Inhibitor. 4.1.4 Process Conditions. 4.2 Inhibitors in
Use. 4.3 Cooling Systems. 4.4 Processing with Acid Solutions. 4.5 Corrosion
Problems in the Oil Industry. 4.6 Corrosion Inhibition of Reinforcing Steel
in Concrete. 4.7 Corrosion Inhibition in Coal-Water Slurry Pipelines. 4.8
Corrosion Inhibition in the Mining Industry. 4.9 Atmospheric Corrosion
Inhibition. References. 5 Corrosion Inhibition Mechanisms. 5.1 Interface
Corrosion Inhibition. 5.2 Structure of the Inhibitor. 5.2.1 Stability
Constants of Zinc-Triazole Complexes (15). 5.3 Structure-Activity
Relationships. 5.4 Quantum Chemical Considerations. 5.4.1 Application of
Hard and Soft Acid and Base Principle in Corrosion Inhibition. 5.5
Inhibitor Field Theory of Corrosion Inhibition. 5.6 Application to Typical
Metal-Inhibitor Systems. 5.7 Photochemical Corrosion Inhibition. 5.8
Influence of Inhibitors on Corrosion Reactions in Acid Media. 5.9 Corrosion
Inhibition in Neutral Solutions. 5.10 Corrosion Inhibition of Iron:
Interphase and Intraphase Inhibition. 5.11 Passive Oxide Films. 5.12
Interaction of Anions with Oxide Films. References. 6 Industrial
Applications of Corrosion Inhibition. 6.1 Corrosion Inhibition of
Reinforcing Steel in Concrete. 6.2 Corrosion Inhibition in Coal-Water
Slurries. 6.3 Corrosion Inhibition in Cooling Water Systems. 6.4 Molybdate
Inhibitor in Corrosion Inhibition. 6.5 Corrosion Inhibition in Acid
Solutions. 6.5.1 Acid Pickling. 6.6 Oxygen Scavengers. 6.7 Inhibition of
Corrosion by Organic Coatings. 6.8 Mechanism of Protection by Tannins. 6.9
Corrosion Inhibition of Titanium and Zirconium in Acid Media. 6.10
Corrosion Resistance of Several Metals and Alloys. References. 7
Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors. 7.1 Standardized
Environmental Testing. 7.2 Summary of PARCOM Guidelines. 7.2.1 Toxicity: As
Measured on Full Formulation. 7.2.2 Biodegradation. 7.2.3 Partition
Coefficient. 7.2.4 Toxicity Testing. 7.3 Macrocyclic Compounds in Corrosion
Inhibition. 7.4 Environmentally Green Inhibitors. 7.5 Role of Rare Earth
Compounds in Replacing Chromate Inhibitors. 7.6 Oleochemicals as Corrosion
Inhibitors. 7.7 Hybrid Coatings and Corrosion Inhibitors. 7.8 Barbiturates
as Green Corrosion Inhibitors. 7.9 Corrosion Prevention of Copper Using
Ultrathin Organic Monolayers. 7.10 Corrosion of Titanium Biomaterials. 7.11
Corrosion Control in the Electronics Industry. References. Index.
Developments in Corrosion Science. 1.3 Development of Some
Corrosion-Related Phenomena. 1.4 Economics of Corrosion. 1.5 Safety and
Environmental Considerations. 1.6 Forms of Corrosion. 1.6.1 General
Corrosion. 1.6.2 Galvanic Corrosion. 1.6.3 Crevice Corrosion. 1.6.4 Pitting
Corrosion. 1.6.5 Dealloying or Selective Leaching. 1.6.6 Intergranular
Corrosion. 1.6.7 Cavitation Damage. 1.6.8 Fretting Corrosion. 1.6.9
Corrosion Fatigue. 1.6.10 Stress-Corrosion Cracking. 1.7 Corrosion
Inhibition. References. 2 Electrochemical Principles and Corrosion
Monitoring. 2.1 Thermodynamic Basis. 2.2 Nature of Corrosion Reactions. 2.3
Standard Electrode Potentials. 2.4 Pourbaix Diagrams. 2.5 Dynamic
Electrochemical Processes. 2.6 Monitoring Corrosion and Effectiveness of
Corrosion Inhibitors. 2.6.1 Objectives of Corrosion Monitoring. 2.6.2
Corrosion Monitoring Probe Location. 2.6.3 Probe Type and its Selection.
2.6.4 Direct Intrusive Corrosion Monitoring Techniques. 2.6.4.1 Physical
Techniques. 2.6.4.2 Electrical Resistance. 2.6.4.3 Inductive Resistance
Probes (22). 2.6.4.4 Electrochemical Techniques. 2.6.4.5 Linear
Polarization Resistance. 2.6.4.6 Zero-Resistance Ammetry. 2.6.4.7
Potentiodynamic-Galvanodynamic Polarization. 2.6.4.8 Electrochemical Noise.
2.6.4.9 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. 2.6.4.10 Harmonic
Distortion Analysis. 2.6.5 Direct Nonintrusive Techniques. 2.6.5.1
Ultrasonics. 2.6.5.2 Magnetic Flux Leakage. 2.6.5.3 Eddy Current Technique.
2.6.5.4 Remote Field Eddy Current Technique. 2.6.5.5 Radiography. 2.6.5.6
Thin-Layer Activation and Gamma Radiography. 2.6.5.7 Electrical Field
Mapping. 2.6.6 Indirect On-Line Measurement Techniques. 2.6.6.1 Hydrogen
Monitoring. 2.6.6.2 Corrosion Potential. 2.6.6.3 On-Line Water Chemistry
Parameters. 2.6.6.3.1 pH. 2.6.6.3.2 Conductivity. 2.6.6.3.3 Dissolved
Oxygen. 2.6.6.3.4 Oxidation-Reduction Potential. 2.6.7 Fluid Detection.
2.6.7.1 Flow Regime. 2.6.7.2 Flow Velocity. 2.6.7.3 Process Parameters.
2.6.7.4 Pressure. 2.6.7.5 Temperature. 2.6.7.6 Dew Point. 2.6.7.7 Fouling.
2.6.8 Indirect Off-Line Measurement Techniques. 2.6.8.1 Off-Line Water
Chemistry Parameters. 2.6.8.1.1 Alkalinity. 2.6.8.1.2 Metal Ion Analysis.
2.6.8.1.3 Concentration of Dissolved Solids. 2.6.8.1.4 Gas Analysis.
2.6.8.1.5 Residual Oxidant. 2.6.8.1.6 Microbiological Analysis. 2.6.8.1.7
Residual Inhibitor. 2.6.8.1.8 Filming Corrosion Inhibitor Residual.
2.6.8.1.9 Reactant Corrosion Inhibitor Residual. 2.6.8.1.10 Chemical
Analysis of Process Samples. 2.6.8.1.11 Sulfur Content. 2.6.8.1.12 Total
Acid Number. 2.6.8.1.13 Nitrogen Content. 2.6.8.1.14 Salt Content of Crude
Oil. References. 3 Adsorption in Corrosion Inhibition. 3.1 Adsorption of
Inhibitor at the Metal Surface. 3.2 Corrosion Inhibitors. 3.3 Adsorption
Isotherms. 3.4 Anodic Dissolution and Adsorption. 3.4.1 Formation of
Passive Films. 3.5 Role of Oxyanions (Passivation) in Corrosion Inhibition.
3.6 Inhibition of Localized Corrosion. 3.7 Adsorption of Halide Ions. 3.8
Influence of Environmental Factors. 3.9 Adsorption Interactions. 3.10
Passivation of Metals. 3.11 Inhibition of Localized Corrosion. References.
4 Corrosion Inhibition: Theory and Practice. 4.1 Factors Pertaining to
Metal Samples. 4.1.1 Sample Preparation. 4.1.2 Environmental Factors. 4.1.3
Concentration of Inhibitor. 4.1.4 Process Conditions. 4.2 Inhibitors in
Use. 4.3 Cooling Systems. 4.4 Processing with Acid Solutions. 4.5 Corrosion
Problems in the Oil Industry. 4.6 Corrosion Inhibition of Reinforcing Steel
in Concrete. 4.7 Corrosion Inhibition in Coal-Water Slurry Pipelines. 4.8
Corrosion Inhibition in the Mining Industry. 4.9 Atmospheric Corrosion
Inhibition. References. 5 Corrosion Inhibition Mechanisms. 5.1 Interface
Corrosion Inhibition. 5.2 Structure of the Inhibitor. 5.2.1 Stability
Constants of Zinc-Triazole Complexes (15). 5.3 Structure-Activity
Relationships. 5.4 Quantum Chemical Considerations. 5.4.1 Application of
Hard and Soft Acid and Base Principle in Corrosion Inhibition. 5.5
Inhibitor Field Theory of Corrosion Inhibition. 5.6 Application to Typical
Metal-Inhibitor Systems. 5.7 Photochemical Corrosion Inhibition. 5.8
Influence of Inhibitors on Corrosion Reactions in Acid Media. 5.9 Corrosion
Inhibition in Neutral Solutions. 5.10 Corrosion Inhibition of Iron:
Interphase and Intraphase Inhibition. 5.11 Passive Oxide Films. 5.12
Interaction of Anions with Oxide Films. References. 6 Industrial
Applications of Corrosion Inhibition. 6.1 Corrosion Inhibition of
Reinforcing Steel in Concrete. 6.2 Corrosion Inhibition in Coal-Water
Slurries. 6.3 Corrosion Inhibition in Cooling Water Systems. 6.4 Molybdate
Inhibitor in Corrosion Inhibition. 6.5 Corrosion Inhibition in Acid
Solutions. 6.5.1 Acid Pickling. 6.6 Oxygen Scavengers. 6.7 Inhibition of
Corrosion by Organic Coatings. 6.8 Mechanism of Protection by Tannins. 6.9
Corrosion Inhibition of Titanium and Zirconium in Acid Media. 6.10
Corrosion Resistance of Several Metals and Alloys. References. 7
Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors. 7.1 Standardized
Environmental Testing. 7.2 Summary of PARCOM Guidelines. 7.2.1 Toxicity: As
Measured on Full Formulation. 7.2.2 Biodegradation. 7.2.3 Partition
Coefficient. 7.2.4 Toxicity Testing. 7.3 Macrocyclic Compounds in Corrosion
Inhibition. 7.4 Environmentally Green Inhibitors. 7.5 Role of Rare Earth
Compounds in Replacing Chromate Inhibitors. 7.6 Oleochemicals as Corrosion
Inhibitors. 7.7 Hybrid Coatings and Corrosion Inhibitors. 7.8 Barbiturates
as Green Corrosion Inhibitors. 7.9 Corrosion Prevention of Copper Using
Ultrathin Organic Monolayers. 7.10 Corrosion of Titanium Biomaterials. 7.11
Corrosion Control in the Electronics Industry. References. Index.