Wolfram Meier-Augenstein

Stable Isotope Forensics (eBook, ePUB)

Methods and Forensic Applications of Stable Isotope Analysis

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

The number-one guide, internationally, to all aspects of forensic isotope analysis, thoroughly updated and revised and featuring many new case studies This edition of the internationally acclaimed guide to forensic stable isotope analysis uses real-world examples to bridge discussions of the basic science, instrumentation and analytical techniques underlying forensic isotope profiling and its various technical applications. Case studies describe an array of applications, many of which were developed by the author himself. They include cases in which isotope profiling was used in murder, and drugs-related crime investigations, as well as for pharmaceutical and food authenticity control studies. Updated with coverage of exciting advances occurring in the field since the publication of the 1st edition, this 2nd edition explores innovative new techniques and applications in forensic isotope profiling, as well as key findings from original research. More than a simple update, though, this edition has been significantly revised in order to address serious problems that can arise from non-comparable and unfit-for-purpose stable isotope data. To that end, Part II has been virtually rewritten with greater emphasis now being placed on important quality control issues in stable isotope analysis in general and forensic stable isotope analysis in particular. Written in a highly accessible style that will appeal to practitioners, researchers and students alike Illustrates the many strengths and potential pitfalls of forensic stable isotope analysis Uses recent case examples to bridge underlying principles with technical applications Presents hands-on applications that let experienced researchers and forensic practitioners match problems with success stories Includes new chapters devoted to aspects of quality control and quality assurance, including scale normalisation, the identical treatment principle, hydrogen exchange and accreditation Stable Isotope Forensics, 2nd Edition is an important professional resource for forensic scientists, law enforcement officials, public prosecutors, defence attorneys, forensic anthropologists and others for whom isotope profiling has become an indispensable tool of the trade. It is also an excellent introduction to the field for senior undergraduate and graduate forensic science students. "e;All students of forensic criminology, and all law enforcement officers responsible for the investigation of serious crime , will want to study this book. Wolfram highlights the value, and future potential, of Stable Isotope Forensics as an emerging powerful tool in the investigation of crime."e; Roy McComb, Deputy Director, Specialist Investigations, National Crime Agency (NCA), UK A single author text in these days is rare and the value of this book lies in the dedication and experience of the author which is evident in the clarity of prose, the honest illustration of evidence and the realistic practical application of the subject - it makes this a text of genuine scientific value. Prof Dame Sue Black, PhD, DBE, OBE, FRSE, Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, University of Dundee, UK The book provides an excellent, vivid and comprehensible introduction into the world of stable isotope science and analytics. Compared to the first edition, the aspects of quality control and assurance in the analysis of stable isotopes in general, and forensic application in particular, are now taking much more room. This allows the book to serve the target groups: students, academic professionals and practitioners, and serves as a solid resource of basic and applicable information about the strengths and potential pitfalls of the application of stable isotope signatures. The present high-quality book

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 512
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. Oktober 2017
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119080237
• Artikelnr.: 52551501

Autorenporträt

Wolfram Meier-Augenstein, PhD is Professor in Stable Isotope Forensics at the Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. He is a registered expert advisor with the National Crime Agency (NCA, UK) and holds a Diplom-Chemiker degree, as well as a Doctorate in Bio-organic Chemistry, both awarded by the University of Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Dr. Meier-Augenstein has assisted police forces and coroners' offices around the world in murder enquiries and drug-related crime investigations.

Inhaltsangabe

Series Foreword xi

Foreword: Dame Sue Black xiii

Foreword: Mark Harrison xv

Foreword to the 1st Edition xvii

Book Endorsements xix

Preface to the 2nd Edition xxi

List of Abbreviations xxv

About the Companion Website xxvii

Introduction: Stable Isotope 'Profiling' or Chemical 'DNA':

A New Dawn for Forensic Chemistry? xxix

I How it Works 1

I.1 What are Stable Isotopes? 2

I.2 Natural Abundance Variation of Stable Isotopes 4

I.3 Chemically Identical and Yet Not the Same 12

I.4 Isotope Effects, Mass Discrimination and Isotopic Fractionation 15

I.4.1 Physical Chemistry Background 15

I.4.2 Fractionation Factor alpha and Enrichment Factor epsilon 17

I.4.3 Isotopic Fractionation in Rayleigh Processes 19

I.4.3.1 Isotopic Fractionation Summary 20

I.5 Stable Isotopic Distribution and Isotopic Fractionation of Light Elements in Nature 22

I.5.1 Hydrogen 22

I.5.2 Oxygen 26

I.5.3 Carbon 27

I.5.4 Nitrogen 30

I.5.5 Sulfur 32

I.5.6 Isoscapes 35

I.6 Stable Isotope Forensics in Everyday Life 40

I.6.1 "Food Forensics" 42

I.6.1.1 Authenticity and Provenance of Single-Seed Vegetable Oils 42

I.6.1.2 Authenticity and Provenance of Beverages 45

I.6.1.3 Caveats 49

I.6.2 Authenticity and Provenance of other Premium Products 53

I.6.3 Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals 54

I.6.4 Environmental Forensics 59

I.6.5 Wildlife Forensics 61

I.6.6 Anti-Doping Control 62

I.7 Summary of Part I 65

References Part I 67

II Instrumentation, Analytical Techniques and Data Quality 81

II.1 Mass Spectrometry versus Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry 82

II.1.1 Stability, Isotopic Linearity and Isotopic Calibration 85

II.2 Instrumentation for Stable Isotope Analysis 90

II.2.1 Dual-Inlet IRMS Systems 92

II.2.2 Continuous-Flow IRMS Systems 93

II.2.3 Bulk Material Stable Isotope Analysis 94

II.2.3.1 13C, 15N and 34S 94

II.2.3.2 2H and 18O 96

II.2.4 Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds 98

II.2.4.1 Compound-Specific 13C or 15N Analysis by GC/C-IRMS 98

II.2.4.2 Compound-Specific 2H or 18O Analysis by GC/HTC-IRMS 100

II.2.4.3 Position-Specific Isotope Analysis 101

II.2.5 Compound-Specific 13C/15N Analysis of Polar, Non-Volatile Organic Compounds by LC-IRMS 101

II.2.6 Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis and Forensic Compound Identification 103

II.3 Quality Control and Quality Assurance in Continuous-Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry 106

II.3.1 Compliance with IUPAC Guidelines is a Prerequisite not a Luxury 106

II.3.2 The Identical Treatment Principle 111

II.3.3 The Importance of Scale Normalization 112

II.3.3.1 Scale Normalization of Measured delta2H Values to VSMOW 114

II.3.3.2 Scale Normalization of Measured delta13C Values to VPDB 120

II.3.3.3 Scale Normalization of Measured delta18O Values to VSMOW 122

II.3.3.4 Scale Normalization of Measured delta15N Values to Air 126

II.3.3.5 Scale Normalization of Measured delta34S Values to VCDT 127

II.4 Points of Note for Stable Isotope Analysis 128

II.4.1 Preparing for Analysis 128

II.4.2 Generic Considerations for BSIA 131

II.4.2.1 Scale Normalization of BSIA 132

II.4.2.2 Keeping Your Powder Dry 134

II.4.2.3 Isobaric Interference 135

II.4.2.4 Ionizat