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Take a theoretical approach to architecture with The Autopoiesis of Architecture, which presents the topic as a discipline with its own unique logic. Architecture's conception of itself is addressed as well as its development within wider contemporary society.
Author Patrik Schumacher offers innovative treatment that enriches architectural theory with a coordinated arsenal of concepts facilitating both detailed analysis and insightful comparisons with other domains, such as art, science and politics. He explores how the various modes of communication comprising architecture depend upon each…mehr
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Take a theoretical approach to architecture with The Autopoiesis of Architecture, which presents the topic as a discipline with its own unique logic. Architecture's conception of itself is addressed as well as its development within wider contemporary society.
Author Patrik Schumacher offers innovative treatment that enriches architectural theory with a coordinated arsenal of concepts facilitating both detailed analysis and insightful comparisons with other domains, such as art, science and politics. He explores how the various modes of communication comprising architecture depend upon each other, combine, and form a unique subsystem of society that co-evolves with other important autopoietic subsystems like art, science, politics and the economy.
The first of two volumes that together present a comprehensive account of architecture's autopoiesis, this book elaborates the theory of architecture's autopoeisis in 8 parts, 50 sections and 200 chapters. Each of the 50 sections poses a thesis drawing a central message from the insights articulated within the respective section. The 200 chapters are gathering and sorting the accumulated intelligence of the discipline according to the new conceptual framework adopted, in order to catalyze and elaborate the new formulations and insights that are then encapsulated in the theses. However, while the theoretical work in the text of the chapters relies on the rigorous build up of a new theoretical language, the theses are written in ordinary language - with the theoretical concepts placed in brackets. The full list of the 50 theses affords a convenient summary printed as appendix at the end of the book.
The second volume completes the analysis of the discourse and further proposes a new agenda for contemporary architecture in response to the challenges and opportunities that confront architectural design within the context of current societal and technological developments.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Author Patrik Schumacher offers innovative treatment that enriches architectural theory with a coordinated arsenal of concepts facilitating both detailed analysis and insightful comparisons with other domains, such as art, science and politics. He explores how the various modes of communication comprising architecture depend upon each other, combine, and form a unique subsystem of society that co-evolves with other important autopoietic subsystems like art, science, politics and the economy.
The first of two volumes that together present a comprehensive account of architecture's autopoiesis, this book elaborates the theory of architecture's autopoeisis in 8 parts, 50 sections and 200 chapters. Each of the 50 sections poses a thesis drawing a central message from the insights articulated within the respective section. The 200 chapters are gathering and sorting the accumulated intelligence of the discipline according to the new conceptual framework adopted, in order to catalyze and elaborate the new formulations and insights that are then encapsulated in the theses. However, while the theoretical work in the text of the chapters relies on the rigorous build up of a new theoretical language, the theses are written in ordinary language - with the theoretical concepts placed in brackets. The full list of the 50 theses affords a convenient summary printed as appendix at the end of the book.
The second volume completes the analysis of the discourse and further proposes a new agenda for contemporary architecture in response to the challenges and opportunities that confront architectural design within the context of current societal and technological developments.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 14577298000
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 480
- Erscheinungstermin: 8. Februar 2011
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 218mm x 171mm x 35mm
- Gewicht: 1065g
- ISBN-13: 9780470772980
- ISBN-10: 0470772980
- Artikelnr.: 30589746
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 14577298000
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 480
- Erscheinungstermin: 8. Februar 2011
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 218mm x 171mm x 35mm
- Gewicht: 1065g
- ISBN-13: 9780470772980
- ISBN-10: 0470772980
- Artikelnr.: 30589746
Patrik Schumacher is partner at Zaha Hadid Architects and founding director of the Design Research Laboratory (DRL) at the Architectural Association (AA) in London. He studied philosophy and architecture in Bonn, London and Stuttgart, where he received his architectural Diploma in 1990. In 1996 he founded the AADRL with Brett Steele, and continues to serve as one of its directors. In 1999 he completed his PhD at the Institute for Cultural Science, Klagenfurt University. Patrik Schumacher joined Zaha Hadid in 1988. Since then Zaha Hadid Architects has expanded from a small studio to a global rm employing over 300 architects. Patrik Schumacher's career continues to integrate practice and theory. His contribution to the discourse of contemporary architecture is also evident in his prior writings, such as Digital Hadid, 2004, as well as in his curatorial work for exhibitions, such as Latent Utopias, Graz, 2002. His essays are available on www.patrikschumacher.com.
Preface. 0 Introduction: Architecture as Autopoietic System. 0.1
Architecture as a System of Communications. 0.2 A Unified Theory of
Architecture. 0.3 Functional vs Causal Explanations. 0.4 The Quest for
Comprehensiveness. 0.5 The Premises Imported from Social Systems Theory.
0.6 Architecture's Place within Society. 1 Architectural Theory. 1.1 The
Unity of Architecture. 1.1.1 Architectural System-formation and
Self-regulation. 1.2 The Evolution of Architecture. 1.2.1 Architectural
Theory as Mechanism of Selection. 1.3 The Necessity of Theory. 1.3.1 The
Function of Architectural Theory. 1.3.2 Types of Theories. 1.3.3 The
Necessity to Reflect Architecture's Societal raison d'etre. 1.3.4
Super-theories. 1.3.5 The Theory of Architectural Autopoiesis as
Domain-specific Super-theory. 1.3.6 From Deconstruction to the Programme of
Critical Theory. 2 The Historical Emergence of Architecture. 2.1 The
Emergence of Architecture as Self-referential System. 2.1.1
Inside-descriptions vs Outside-descriptions. 2.1.2 Function Systems. 2.1.3
The Historical Crystallization of Architecture. 2.2 Foundation and
Refoundation of Architecture. 2.2.1 Autonomization: The Origin of the
Discipline in the Italian Renaissance. 2.2.2 The Refoundation of the
Discipline as Modern Architecture. 2.2.3 The Exclusive Competency and
Universal Scope of Modern Architecture. 2.2.4 The Liberation from
Traditional Formal Constraints. 2.2.5 The Switch from Edifice to Space. 2.3
Avant-garde vs Mainstream. 2.3.1 A Prerequisite for Evolution. 2.3.2 The
Autonomy of the Avant-garde. 2.3.3 Communications between Avant-garde and
Mainstream. 2.3.4 The Reciprocal Dependency between Avant-garde and
Mainstream. 2.3.5 The Time Structure of the Avant-garde Process: Cumulative
vs Revolutionary Periods. 2.3.6 Concrete Exemplars vs Abstract Principles.
2.3.7 Revolution and Philosophy. 2.3.8 Latent Utopias vs the Utopian
Ambitions of the Historical Avant-garde. 2.3.9 Retroactive Manifestos. 2.4
Architectural Research. 2.4.1 Architectural Research as Avant-garde Design
Research. 2.4.2 Architecture Schools as Laboratories. 2.5 The Necessity of
Demarcation. 2.5.1 The Differentiation of Art and Architecture. 2.5.2 The
Differentiation of Science and Architecture. 2.5.3 The Differentiation of
Architecture and Engineering. 2.5.4 The Rationality of Demarcation. 2.5.5
The Specificity of Architecture within the Design Disciplines. 3
Architecture as Autopoietic System - Operations, Structures and Processes.
3.1 Architectural Autopoiesis within Functionally Differentiated Society.
3.1.1 Niklas Luhmann's Theory of Modern Society. 3.1.2 Third Order
Observation. 3.1.3 Codes and Media. 3.1.4 The Concept of Social
Autopoiesis. 3.2 The Autonomy of Architecture. 3.2.1 Openness through
Closure. 3.2.2 Irritations. 3.2.3 Communication Structures. 3.3 The
Elemental Operation of Architecture. 3.3.1 Design Decisions. 3.3.2
Network-dependency of Elemental Operations. 3.3.3 Design Decisions and
External Demands. 3.4 The Lead-distinction within Architecture and the
Design Disciplines. 3.4.1 The Primacy of Distinctions. 3.4.2 Form vs
Function as the Lead-distinction within the Design Disciplines. 3.4.3 The
Double Reference of the Design Disciplines. 3.5 The Codification of
Architecture. 3.5.1 Binary Codes. 3.5.2 Utility and Beauty as the Double
Code of Architecture. 3.5.3 Polycontexturality. 3.5.4 The Unique Double
Code of Architecture as Demarcation Device. 3.5.5 The Double Code of
Architecture and the Triple Code of Avant-garde Architecture. 3.5.6
Discursive Oscillation: Coping with an Expanding Universe of Possibility.
3.5.7 Abstraction and Openness. 3.6 Architectural Styles. 3.6.1 The Concept
of Style(s). 3.6.2 The Rationality of Style(s). 3.6.3 Styles as the
Necessary Programmes of Architecture. 3.6.4 Styles Regulate Form and
Function. 3.6.5 Reluctant Styles. 3.6.6 The Inescapability of the Formal A
Priori. 3.6.7 The Double Contingency of Style Formation. 3.6.8 Stylistic
Awareness as Second Order Observation. 3.6.9 Progress as Progression of
Styles. 3.7 Styles as Research Programmes. 3.7.1 The Creativity of
Styles/Research Programmes. 3.7.2 The Tenacity of Styles/Research
Programmes. 3.7.3 The Structure of Styles/Research Programmes: Autonomy,
Hard Core, Heuristics. 3.7.4 The Great Historical Styles: Hard Core and
Heuristics. 3.7.5 Problem Domain and Solution Space as Sources of Stylistic
Innovation. 3.7.6 Paradigmatic Mainline and Speculative Extrapolation.
3.7.7 Progressive vs Degenerate Styles/Research Programmes. 3.7.8
Methodological Tolerance. 3.8 The Rationality of Aesthetic Values. 3.8.1
The Historical Transformation of Aesthetic Values. 3.8.2 Aesthetic Values
and the Code of Beauty. 3.8.3 The Mystery of Beauty. 3.8.4 Formal A Priori,
Idiom and Aesthetic Values. 3.8.5 The Necessity of Aesthetic Revolutions.
3.8.6 Aesthetic Values: Designers vs Users. 3.9 The Double-nexus of
Architectural Communications: Themes vs Projects. 3.9.1 The Unity of the
Difference between Themes and Projects. 3.9.2 The Difference between Themes
and Projects. 3.9.3 The Interaction between Themes and Projects. 4 The
Medium of Architecture. 4.1 Medium and Form. 4.1.1 Symbolically Generalized
Media of Communication. 4.1.2 The Medium as Revealing and Concealing. 4.1.3
The Medium as Universe of Possibilities. 4.1.4 Medium and Manner. 4.1.5 The
Standard Medium of Architecture. 4.1.6 Recursive Self-reference. 4.2 The
Medium and the Time Structure of the Design Process. 4.2.1 Differance: The
Productive Vagueness of the Medium. 4.2.2 The Diagram. 4.2.3 Specious vs
Point-like Time: The Time Structure of the Architectural Project. 5 The
Societal Function of Architecture. 5.1 Architecture as Societal Function
System. 5.1.1 Function vs Service. 5.1.2 Function Systems and the
Functional Exigencies of Society. 5.1.3 Framing as Societal Function of
Architecture. 5.1.4 The Definition of the Situation as Precondition of
Social Interaction. 5.1.5 Framing Double Contingency. 5.1.6 Double
Contingency Radicalized. 5.1.7 The relationship between Art and
Architecture in terms of their Societal Function. 5.2 Innovation as Crucial
Aspect of Architecture's Societal Function. 5.2.1 The Burden and Risk of
Permanent Innovation. 5.2.2 The Innovative Capacity of Architecture's
Operations and Structures. 5.2.3 Variation, Redundancy and Adaptive
Pertinence. 5.3 Strategies and Techniques of Innovation. 5.3.1 The Power of
Abstraction. 5.3.2 The history of Architectural Innovations. 5.3.3
Conceptual Manoeuvres. 5.4 Key Innovations: Place, Space, Field. 5.4.1 The
Emergence of Architectural Space. 5.4.2 The Hegemony of Architectural
Space. 5.4.3 The Transcendence of Architectural Space. 5.4.4 From Space to
Field. Concluding Remarks. Appendix 1: ComparativeMatrix of Societal
Function Systems. Appendix 2: Theses 1-24. References. Index. Picture
Credits.
Architecture as a System of Communications. 0.2 A Unified Theory of
Architecture. 0.3 Functional vs Causal Explanations. 0.4 The Quest for
Comprehensiveness. 0.5 The Premises Imported from Social Systems Theory.
0.6 Architecture's Place within Society. 1 Architectural Theory. 1.1 The
Unity of Architecture. 1.1.1 Architectural System-formation and
Self-regulation. 1.2 The Evolution of Architecture. 1.2.1 Architectural
Theory as Mechanism of Selection. 1.3 The Necessity of Theory. 1.3.1 The
Function of Architectural Theory. 1.3.2 Types of Theories. 1.3.3 The
Necessity to Reflect Architecture's Societal raison d'etre. 1.3.4
Super-theories. 1.3.5 The Theory of Architectural Autopoiesis as
Domain-specific Super-theory. 1.3.6 From Deconstruction to the Programme of
Critical Theory. 2 The Historical Emergence of Architecture. 2.1 The
Emergence of Architecture as Self-referential System. 2.1.1
Inside-descriptions vs Outside-descriptions. 2.1.2 Function Systems. 2.1.3
The Historical Crystallization of Architecture. 2.2 Foundation and
Refoundation of Architecture. 2.2.1 Autonomization: The Origin of the
Discipline in the Italian Renaissance. 2.2.2 The Refoundation of the
Discipline as Modern Architecture. 2.2.3 The Exclusive Competency and
Universal Scope of Modern Architecture. 2.2.4 The Liberation from
Traditional Formal Constraints. 2.2.5 The Switch from Edifice to Space. 2.3
Avant-garde vs Mainstream. 2.3.1 A Prerequisite for Evolution. 2.3.2 The
Autonomy of the Avant-garde. 2.3.3 Communications between Avant-garde and
Mainstream. 2.3.4 The Reciprocal Dependency between Avant-garde and
Mainstream. 2.3.5 The Time Structure of the Avant-garde Process: Cumulative
vs Revolutionary Periods. 2.3.6 Concrete Exemplars vs Abstract Principles.
2.3.7 Revolution and Philosophy. 2.3.8 Latent Utopias vs the Utopian
Ambitions of the Historical Avant-garde. 2.3.9 Retroactive Manifestos. 2.4
Architectural Research. 2.4.1 Architectural Research as Avant-garde Design
Research. 2.4.2 Architecture Schools as Laboratories. 2.5 The Necessity of
Demarcation. 2.5.1 The Differentiation of Art and Architecture. 2.5.2 The
Differentiation of Science and Architecture. 2.5.3 The Differentiation of
Architecture and Engineering. 2.5.4 The Rationality of Demarcation. 2.5.5
The Specificity of Architecture within the Design Disciplines. 3
Architecture as Autopoietic System - Operations, Structures and Processes.
3.1 Architectural Autopoiesis within Functionally Differentiated Society.
3.1.1 Niklas Luhmann's Theory of Modern Society. 3.1.2 Third Order
Observation. 3.1.3 Codes and Media. 3.1.4 The Concept of Social
Autopoiesis. 3.2 The Autonomy of Architecture. 3.2.1 Openness through
Closure. 3.2.2 Irritations. 3.2.3 Communication Structures. 3.3 The
Elemental Operation of Architecture. 3.3.1 Design Decisions. 3.3.2
Network-dependency of Elemental Operations. 3.3.3 Design Decisions and
External Demands. 3.4 The Lead-distinction within Architecture and the
Design Disciplines. 3.4.1 The Primacy of Distinctions. 3.4.2 Form vs
Function as the Lead-distinction within the Design Disciplines. 3.4.3 The
Double Reference of the Design Disciplines. 3.5 The Codification of
Architecture. 3.5.1 Binary Codes. 3.5.2 Utility and Beauty as the Double
Code of Architecture. 3.5.3 Polycontexturality. 3.5.4 The Unique Double
Code of Architecture as Demarcation Device. 3.5.5 The Double Code of
Architecture and the Triple Code of Avant-garde Architecture. 3.5.6
Discursive Oscillation: Coping with an Expanding Universe of Possibility.
3.5.7 Abstraction and Openness. 3.6 Architectural Styles. 3.6.1 The Concept
of Style(s). 3.6.2 The Rationality of Style(s). 3.6.3 Styles as the
Necessary Programmes of Architecture. 3.6.4 Styles Regulate Form and
Function. 3.6.5 Reluctant Styles. 3.6.6 The Inescapability of the Formal A
Priori. 3.6.7 The Double Contingency of Style Formation. 3.6.8 Stylistic
Awareness as Second Order Observation. 3.6.9 Progress as Progression of
Styles. 3.7 Styles as Research Programmes. 3.7.1 The Creativity of
Styles/Research Programmes. 3.7.2 The Tenacity of Styles/Research
Programmes. 3.7.3 The Structure of Styles/Research Programmes: Autonomy,
Hard Core, Heuristics. 3.7.4 The Great Historical Styles: Hard Core and
Heuristics. 3.7.5 Problem Domain and Solution Space as Sources of Stylistic
Innovation. 3.7.6 Paradigmatic Mainline and Speculative Extrapolation.
3.7.7 Progressive vs Degenerate Styles/Research Programmes. 3.7.8
Methodological Tolerance. 3.8 The Rationality of Aesthetic Values. 3.8.1
The Historical Transformation of Aesthetic Values. 3.8.2 Aesthetic Values
and the Code of Beauty. 3.8.3 The Mystery of Beauty. 3.8.4 Formal A Priori,
Idiom and Aesthetic Values. 3.8.5 The Necessity of Aesthetic Revolutions.
3.8.6 Aesthetic Values: Designers vs Users. 3.9 The Double-nexus of
Architectural Communications: Themes vs Projects. 3.9.1 The Unity of the
Difference between Themes and Projects. 3.9.2 The Difference between Themes
and Projects. 3.9.3 The Interaction between Themes and Projects. 4 The
Medium of Architecture. 4.1 Medium and Form. 4.1.1 Symbolically Generalized
Media of Communication. 4.1.2 The Medium as Revealing and Concealing. 4.1.3
The Medium as Universe of Possibilities. 4.1.4 Medium and Manner. 4.1.5 The
Standard Medium of Architecture. 4.1.6 Recursive Self-reference. 4.2 The
Medium and the Time Structure of the Design Process. 4.2.1 Differance: The
Productive Vagueness of the Medium. 4.2.2 The Diagram. 4.2.3 Specious vs
Point-like Time: The Time Structure of the Architectural Project. 5 The
Societal Function of Architecture. 5.1 Architecture as Societal Function
System. 5.1.1 Function vs Service. 5.1.2 Function Systems and the
Functional Exigencies of Society. 5.1.3 Framing as Societal Function of
Architecture. 5.1.4 The Definition of the Situation as Precondition of
Social Interaction. 5.1.5 Framing Double Contingency. 5.1.6 Double
Contingency Radicalized. 5.1.7 The relationship between Art and
Architecture in terms of their Societal Function. 5.2 Innovation as Crucial
Aspect of Architecture's Societal Function. 5.2.1 The Burden and Risk of
Permanent Innovation. 5.2.2 The Innovative Capacity of Architecture's
Operations and Structures. 5.2.3 Variation, Redundancy and Adaptive
Pertinence. 5.3 Strategies and Techniques of Innovation. 5.3.1 The Power of
Abstraction. 5.3.2 The history of Architectural Innovations. 5.3.3
Conceptual Manoeuvres. 5.4 Key Innovations: Place, Space, Field. 5.4.1 The
Emergence of Architectural Space. 5.4.2 The Hegemony of Architectural
Space. 5.4.3 The Transcendence of Architectural Space. 5.4.4 From Space to
Field. Concluding Remarks. Appendix 1: ComparativeMatrix of Societal
Function Systems. Appendix 2: Theses 1-24. References. Index. Picture
Credits.
Preface. 0 Introduction: Architecture as Autopoietic System. 0.1
Architecture as a System of Communications. 0.2 A Unified Theory of
Architecture. 0.3 Functional vs Causal Explanations. 0.4 The Quest for
Comprehensiveness. 0.5 The Premises Imported from Social Systems Theory.
0.6 Architecture's Place within Society. 1 Architectural Theory. 1.1 The
Unity of Architecture. 1.1.1 Architectural System-formation and
Self-regulation. 1.2 The Evolution of Architecture. 1.2.1 Architectural
Theory as Mechanism of Selection. 1.3 The Necessity of Theory. 1.3.1 The
Function of Architectural Theory. 1.3.2 Types of Theories. 1.3.3 The
Necessity to Reflect Architecture's Societal raison d'etre. 1.3.4
Super-theories. 1.3.5 The Theory of Architectural Autopoiesis as
Domain-specific Super-theory. 1.3.6 From Deconstruction to the Programme of
Critical Theory. 2 The Historical Emergence of Architecture. 2.1 The
Emergence of Architecture as Self-referential System. 2.1.1
Inside-descriptions vs Outside-descriptions. 2.1.2 Function Systems. 2.1.3
The Historical Crystallization of Architecture. 2.2 Foundation and
Refoundation of Architecture. 2.2.1 Autonomization: The Origin of the
Discipline in the Italian Renaissance. 2.2.2 The Refoundation of the
Discipline as Modern Architecture. 2.2.3 The Exclusive Competency and
Universal Scope of Modern Architecture. 2.2.4 The Liberation from
Traditional Formal Constraints. 2.2.5 The Switch from Edifice to Space. 2.3
Avant-garde vs Mainstream. 2.3.1 A Prerequisite for Evolution. 2.3.2 The
Autonomy of the Avant-garde. 2.3.3 Communications between Avant-garde and
Mainstream. 2.3.4 The Reciprocal Dependency between Avant-garde and
Mainstream. 2.3.5 The Time Structure of the Avant-garde Process: Cumulative
vs Revolutionary Periods. 2.3.6 Concrete Exemplars vs Abstract Principles.
2.3.7 Revolution and Philosophy. 2.3.8 Latent Utopias vs the Utopian
Ambitions of the Historical Avant-garde. 2.3.9 Retroactive Manifestos. 2.4
Architectural Research. 2.4.1 Architectural Research as Avant-garde Design
Research. 2.4.2 Architecture Schools as Laboratories. 2.5 The Necessity of
Demarcation. 2.5.1 The Differentiation of Art and Architecture. 2.5.2 The
Differentiation of Science and Architecture. 2.5.3 The Differentiation of
Architecture and Engineering. 2.5.4 The Rationality of Demarcation. 2.5.5
The Specificity of Architecture within the Design Disciplines. 3
Architecture as Autopoietic System - Operations, Structures and Processes.
3.1 Architectural Autopoiesis within Functionally Differentiated Society.
3.1.1 Niklas Luhmann's Theory of Modern Society. 3.1.2 Third Order
Observation. 3.1.3 Codes and Media. 3.1.4 The Concept of Social
Autopoiesis. 3.2 The Autonomy of Architecture. 3.2.1 Openness through
Closure. 3.2.2 Irritations. 3.2.3 Communication Structures. 3.3 The
Elemental Operation of Architecture. 3.3.1 Design Decisions. 3.3.2
Network-dependency of Elemental Operations. 3.3.3 Design Decisions and
External Demands. 3.4 The Lead-distinction within Architecture and the
Design Disciplines. 3.4.1 The Primacy of Distinctions. 3.4.2 Form vs
Function as the Lead-distinction within the Design Disciplines. 3.4.3 The
Double Reference of the Design Disciplines. 3.5 The Codification of
Architecture. 3.5.1 Binary Codes. 3.5.2 Utility and Beauty as the Double
Code of Architecture. 3.5.3 Polycontexturality. 3.5.4 The Unique Double
Code of Architecture as Demarcation Device. 3.5.5 The Double Code of
Architecture and the Triple Code of Avant-garde Architecture. 3.5.6
Discursive Oscillation: Coping with an Expanding Universe of Possibility.
3.5.7 Abstraction and Openness. 3.6 Architectural Styles. 3.6.1 The Concept
of Style(s). 3.6.2 The Rationality of Style(s). 3.6.3 Styles as the
Necessary Programmes of Architecture. 3.6.4 Styles Regulate Form and
Function. 3.6.5 Reluctant Styles. 3.6.6 The Inescapability of the Formal A
Priori. 3.6.7 The Double Contingency of Style Formation. 3.6.8 Stylistic
Awareness as Second Order Observation. 3.6.9 Progress as Progression of
Styles. 3.7 Styles as Research Programmes. 3.7.1 The Creativity of
Styles/Research Programmes. 3.7.2 The Tenacity of Styles/Research
Programmes. 3.7.3 The Structure of Styles/Research Programmes: Autonomy,
Hard Core, Heuristics. 3.7.4 The Great Historical Styles: Hard Core and
Heuristics. 3.7.5 Problem Domain and Solution Space as Sources of Stylistic
Innovation. 3.7.6 Paradigmatic Mainline and Speculative Extrapolation.
3.7.7 Progressive vs Degenerate Styles/Research Programmes. 3.7.8
Methodological Tolerance. 3.8 The Rationality of Aesthetic Values. 3.8.1
The Historical Transformation of Aesthetic Values. 3.8.2 Aesthetic Values
and the Code of Beauty. 3.8.3 The Mystery of Beauty. 3.8.4 Formal A Priori,
Idiom and Aesthetic Values. 3.8.5 The Necessity of Aesthetic Revolutions.
3.8.6 Aesthetic Values: Designers vs Users. 3.9 The Double-nexus of
Architectural Communications: Themes vs Projects. 3.9.1 The Unity of the
Difference between Themes and Projects. 3.9.2 The Difference between Themes
and Projects. 3.9.3 The Interaction between Themes and Projects. 4 The
Medium of Architecture. 4.1 Medium and Form. 4.1.1 Symbolically Generalized
Media of Communication. 4.1.2 The Medium as Revealing and Concealing. 4.1.3
The Medium as Universe of Possibilities. 4.1.4 Medium and Manner. 4.1.5 The
Standard Medium of Architecture. 4.1.6 Recursive Self-reference. 4.2 The
Medium and the Time Structure of the Design Process. 4.2.1 Differance: The
Productive Vagueness of the Medium. 4.2.2 The Diagram. 4.2.3 Specious vs
Point-like Time: The Time Structure of the Architectural Project. 5 The
Societal Function of Architecture. 5.1 Architecture as Societal Function
System. 5.1.1 Function vs Service. 5.1.2 Function Systems and the
Functional Exigencies of Society. 5.1.3 Framing as Societal Function of
Architecture. 5.1.4 The Definition of the Situation as Precondition of
Social Interaction. 5.1.5 Framing Double Contingency. 5.1.6 Double
Contingency Radicalized. 5.1.7 The relationship between Art and
Architecture in terms of their Societal Function. 5.2 Innovation as Crucial
Aspect of Architecture's Societal Function. 5.2.1 The Burden and Risk of
Permanent Innovation. 5.2.2 The Innovative Capacity of Architecture's
Operations and Structures. 5.2.3 Variation, Redundancy and Adaptive
Pertinence. 5.3 Strategies and Techniques of Innovation. 5.3.1 The Power of
Abstraction. 5.3.2 The history of Architectural Innovations. 5.3.3
Conceptual Manoeuvres. 5.4 Key Innovations: Place, Space, Field. 5.4.1 The
Emergence of Architectural Space. 5.4.2 The Hegemony of Architectural
Space. 5.4.3 The Transcendence of Architectural Space. 5.4.4 From Space to
Field. Concluding Remarks. Appendix 1: ComparativeMatrix of Societal
Function Systems. Appendix 2: Theses 1-24. References. Index. Picture
Credits.
Architecture as a System of Communications. 0.2 A Unified Theory of
Architecture. 0.3 Functional vs Causal Explanations. 0.4 The Quest for
Comprehensiveness. 0.5 The Premises Imported from Social Systems Theory.
0.6 Architecture's Place within Society. 1 Architectural Theory. 1.1 The
Unity of Architecture. 1.1.1 Architectural System-formation and
Self-regulation. 1.2 The Evolution of Architecture. 1.2.1 Architectural
Theory as Mechanism of Selection. 1.3 The Necessity of Theory. 1.3.1 The
Function of Architectural Theory. 1.3.2 Types of Theories. 1.3.3 The
Necessity to Reflect Architecture's Societal raison d'etre. 1.3.4
Super-theories. 1.3.5 The Theory of Architectural Autopoiesis as
Domain-specific Super-theory. 1.3.6 From Deconstruction to the Programme of
Critical Theory. 2 The Historical Emergence of Architecture. 2.1 The
Emergence of Architecture as Self-referential System. 2.1.1
Inside-descriptions vs Outside-descriptions. 2.1.2 Function Systems. 2.1.3
The Historical Crystallization of Architecture. 2.2 Foundation and
Refoundation of Architecture. 2.2.1 Autonomization: The Origin of the
Discipline in the Italian Renaissance. 2.2.2 The Refoundation of the
Discipline as Modern Architecture. 2.2.3 The Exclusive Competency and
Universal Scope of Modern Architecture. 2.2.4 The Liberation from
Traditional Formal Constraints. 2.2.5 The Switch from Edifice to Space. 2.3
Avant-garde vs Mainstream. 2.3.1 A Prerequisite for Evolution. 2.3.2 The
Autonomy of the Avant-garde. 2.3.3 Communications between Avant-garde and
Mainstream. 2.3.4 The Reciprocal Dependency between Avant-garde and
Mainstream. 2.3.5 The Time Structure of the Avant-garde Process: Cumulative
vs Revolutionary Periods. 2.3.6 Concrete Exemplars vs Abstract Principles.
2.3.7 Revolution and Philosophy. 2.3.8 Latent Utopias vs the Utopian
Ambitions of the Historical Avant-garde. 2.3.9 Retroactive Manifestos. 2.4
Architectural Research. 2.4.1 Architectural Research as Avant-garde Design
Research. 2.4.2 Architecture Schools as Laboratories. 2.5 The Necessity of
Demarcation. 2.5.1 The Differentiation of Art and Architecture. 2.5.2 The
Differentiation of Science and Architecture. 2.5.3 The Differentiation of
Architecture and Engineering. 2.5.4 The Rationality of Demarcation. 2.5.5
The Specificity of Architecture within the Design Disciplines. 3
Architecture as Autopoietic System - Operations, Structures and Processes.
3.1 Architectural Autopoiesis within Functionally Differentiated Society.
3.1.1 Niklas Luhmann's Theory of Modern Society. 3.1.2 Third Order
Observation. 3.1.3 Codes and Media. 3.1.4 The Concept of Social
Autopoiesis. 3.2 The Autonomy of Architecture. 3.2.1 Openness through
Closure. 3.2.2 Irritations. 3.2.3 Communication Structures. 3.3 The
Elemental Operation of Architecture. 3.3.1 Design Decisions. 3.3.2
Network-dependency of Elemental Operations. 3.3.3 Design Decisions and
External Demands. 3.4 The Lead-distinction within Architecture and the
Design Disciplines. 3.4.1 The Primacy of Distinctions. 3.4.2 Form vs
Function as the Lead-distinction within the Design Disciplines. 3.4.3 The
Double Reference of the Design Disciplines. 3.5 The Codification of
Architecture. 3.5.1 Binary Codes. 3.5.2 Utility and Beauty as the Double
Code of Architecture. 3.5.3 Polycontexturality. 3.5.4 The Unique Double
Code of Architecture as Demarcation Device. 3.5.5 The Double Code of
Architecture and the Triple Code of Avant-garde Architecture. 3.5.6
Discursive Oscillation: Coping with an Expanding Universe of Possibility.
3.5.7 Abstraction and Openness. 3.6 Architectural Styles. 3.6.1 The Concept
of Style(s). 3.6.2 The Rationality of Style(s). 3.6.3 Styles as the
Necessary Programmes of Architecture. 3.6.4 Styles Regulate Form and
Function. 3.6.5 Reluctant Styles. 3.6.6 The Inescapability of the Formal A
Priori. 3.6.7 The Double Contingency of Style Formation. 3.6.8 Stylistic
Awareness as Second Order Observation. 3.6.9 Progress as Progression of
Styles. 3.7 Styles as Research Programmes. 3.7.1 The Creativity of
Styles/Research Programmes. 3.7.2 The Tenacity of Styles/Research
Programmes. 3.7.3 The Structure of Styles/Research Programmes: Autonomy,
Hard Core, Heuristics. 3.7.4 The Great Historical Styles: Hard Core and
Heuristics. 3.7.5 Problem Domain and Solution Space as Sources of Stylistic
Innovation. 3.7.6 Paradigmatic Mainline and Speculative Extrapolation.
3.7.7 Progressive vs Degenerate Styles/Research Programmes. 3.7.8
Methodological Tolerance. 3.8 The Rationality of Aesthetic Values. 3.8.1
The Historical Transformation of Aesthetic Values. 3.8.2 Aesthetic Values
and the Code of Beauty. 3.8.3 The Mystery of Beauty. 3.8.4 Formal A Priori,
Idiom and Aesthetic Values. 3.8.5 The Necessity of Aesthetic Revolutions.
3.8.6 Aesthetic Values: Designers vs Users. 3.9 The Double-nexus of
Architectural Communications: Themes vs Projects. 3.9.1 The Unity of the
Difference between Themes and Projects. 3.9.2 The Difference between Themes
and Projects. 3.9.3 The Interaction between Themes and Projects. 4 The
Medium of Architecture. 4.1 Medium and Form. 4.1.1 Symbolically Generalized
Media of Communication. 4.1.2 The Medium as Revealing and Concealing. 4.1.3
The Medium as Universe of Possibilities. 4.1.4 Medium and Manner. 4.1.5 The
Standard Medium of Architecture. 4.1.6 Recursive Self-reference. 4.2 The
Medium and the Time Structure of the Design Process. 4.2.1 Differance: The
Productive Vagueness of the Medium. 4.2.2 The Diagram. 4.2.3 Specious vs
Point-like Time: The Time Structure of the Architectural Project. 5 The
Societal Function of Architecture. 5.1 Architecture as Societal Function
System. 5.1.1 Function vs Service. 5.1.2 Function Systems and the
Functional Exigencies of Society. 5.1.3 Framing as Societal Function of
Architecture. 5.1.4 The Definition of the Situation as Precondition of
Social Interaction. 5.1.5 Framing Double Contingency. 5.1.6 Double
Contingency Radicalized. 5.1.7 The relationship between Art and
Architecture in terms of their Societal Function. 5.2 Innovation as Crucial
Aspect of Architecture's Societal Function. 5.2.1 The Burden and Risk of
Permanent Innovation. 5.2.2 The Innovative Capacity of Architecture's
Operations and Structures. 5.2.3 Variation, Redundancy and Adaptive
Pertinence. 5.3 Strategies and Techniques of Innovation. 5.3.1 The Power of
Abstraction. 5.3.2 The history of Architectural Innovations. 5.3.3
Conceptual Manoeuvres. 5.4 Key Innovations: Place, Space, Field. 5.4.1 The
Emergence of Architectural Space. 5.4.2 The Hegemony of Architectural
Space. 5.4.3 The Transcendence of Architectural Space. 5.4.4 From Space to
Field. Concluding Remarks. Appendix 1: ComparativeMatrix of Societal
Function Systems. Appendix 2: Theses 1-24. References. Index. Picture
Credits.