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Think Again A New Introduction to Philosophy

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

09.03.2027

Abbildungen

199 b/w illus.

Verlag

University Presses

Seitenzahl

512

Maße (L/B)

25,4/20,3 cm

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-691-27288-7

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

09.03.2027

Abbildungen

199 b/w illus.

Verlag

University Presses

Seitenzahl

512

Maße (L/B)

25,4/20,3 cm

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-691-27288-7

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: gpsr@libri.de

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  • Produktbild: Think Again

    • Part 1. Philosophy as a Way of Life
      • Chapter 1: Socrates and Plato
        • 1.1 Philosophy and Existential Questions
        • 1.2 Socrates—The Examined Life and Socratic Wisdom
          • Box 1.1 Thinking Critically: The Value of Self-Knowledge
        • 1.3 Socratic Wisdom and Dialectic
          • Box 1.2 Historical Context: Education in Ancient Athens
        • 1.4 Relativism—Cultural and Individual
          • Selection 1 Euthyphro [Socrates (S) to Euthyphro (E)]
        • 1.5 The Good, the True, and the Real
        • 1.6 Justification and Argument
          • Box 1.3 Thinking Critically: The Limits of Deduction
        • 1.7 The Virtue of Argument and Apology
          • Selection 2 Apology [Socrates (S) to Meletus (M)]
          • Box 1.4 Writing Philosophically: Exercise 1
          • Selection 3 Apology [Socrates’ Speech]
          • Box 1.5 Thinking Critically: Self-Examination and Moral Responsibility
        • 1.8 The Allegory of the Cave and the Divided Line
        • 1.9 Conclusion
        • Chapter 2: Aristotle and the Background of Ancient Thought
          • 2.1 From Academy to Lyceum
          • 2.2 The Background of Ancient Thought—Pre-Socratics
            • Thales
            • Heraclitus
            • Parmenides and Zeno
            • Box 2.1 Writing Philosophically: Zeno’s Paradox—Achilles and the Tortoise
            • Box 2.2 Historical Context: The Rise of Greek Civilization
          • 2.3 Aristotle: The Scientist
            • Selection 1 Aristotle’s Physics [Book II, Part 3 and 4]
          • 2.4 Aristotle: Ethicist
            • Selection 2 Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics [Book II]
            • Box 2.3 Thinking Critically: The Hard Questions of Virtue
          • 2.5 Plato and Aristotle—A Comparison
            • Box 2.4 Thinking Critically: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
          • 2.6 Conclusion
          • Chapter 3: Hellenistic Philosophy
            • 3.1 Be Good? Why Bother?!
            • 3.2 Hedonism
              • Box 3.1 Thinking Critically: The Value of Walking … and Thinking
              • Selection 1 Epicurus’ Principal Doctrines
              • Box 3.2 Writing Philosophically: Outlining the Problem—The BIG Outline
            • 3.3 Cynicism
            • 3.4 The Stoics and Determinism
              • Box 3.3 Historical Context: The Timelessness of Stoicism
              • Box 3.4 Thinking Critically: The Details of Determinism
              • Selection 2 Epictetus’ Enchiridion
            • 3.5 Conclusion
            • Chapter 4: Islamic and Medieval Philosophy
              • 4.1 Human Crisis and the Roots of the Philosophy of Religion
              • 4.2 The Problem of Evil
              • 4.3 Augustine
                • Augustine on the Nature of God
                • Augustine on Free Will and the Privation Theory of Evil
                • Augustine on Proofs of God’s Existence
              • 4.4 Aquinas
                • Aquinas on Proofs of God’s Existence
                • Selection 1 Aquinas’ Summa Theologica (“The Five Ways”)
                • Critiques of Aquinas
              • 4.5 Islamic Thought
              • 4.6 Avicenna
                • A Theory of Being
                • Avicenna on Proofs of God’s Existence
                • Box 4.1 Writing Philosophically: Evaluating Premises (Spoken and Unspoken)
              • 4.7 Averroes
                • Averroes on Truth and Religion
                • Averroes on the Afterlife
                • Box 4.2 Thinking Critically: Rumi on the Question of Selfishness
              • 4.8 Ibn Khald¿n
              • 4.9 Conclusion
              • Part 2. Ways of Knowing
                • Chapter 5: The Rationalists
                  • 5.1 Modern Philosophy and Existential Urgency
                    • Box 5.1 Thinking Critically: Moments of Crisis
                  • 5.2 Descartes’ Response to His Times
                    • Selection 1 Descartes’ Meditation I
                    • Box 5.2 Historical Context: Descartes: Armchair, Bedroom Philosopher?
                  • 5.3 Descartes’ Certainty: The Cogito Argument
                    • Selection 2 Descartes’ Meditation II
                    • Box 5.3 Writing Philosophically: From Question to Thesis
                  • 5.4 Cartesian Problems: Dualism and Other Minds
                    • John Stuart Mill and the Argument from Analogy
                  • 5.5 Rationalist Metaphysics—Spinoza and Leibnitz
                    • Box 5.4 Thinking Critically: To Understand is to Be Free
                  • 5.6 Hidden Passages in Modern Rationalism
                  • 5.7 Conclusion
                  • Chapter 6: The Empiricists
                    • 6.1 Introduction to Empiricism
                    • 6.2 Bacon: Four Idols and Induction on the Rise
                      • The Idol of the Tribe
                      • Idol of the Cave
                      • Idols of the Marketplace
                      • Idols of the Theater
                      • Selection 1 Bacon’s New Organon (Preface)
                      • Box 6.1 Writing Philosophically: Compare and Contrast Essays— Descartes and Bacon
                    • 6.3 Locke and the Blank Slate
                      • Selection 2 Locke: Essay Concerning Human Understanding
                    • 6.4 Berkeley on Keeping Things in Mind
                    • 6.5 Hume’s Skepticism: Science and Human Nature at Risk?
                      • Hume on ideas, impressions, and inquiry
                      • Hume’s Skepticism about Induction
                      • Box 6.2 Thinking Critically: Hume: On the Passions
                      • Selection 3 Hume: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
                      • Hume’s Critique of Theology
                      • Hume on the Self
                      • Box 6.3 Historical Context: Japanese Philosophy in the 1700s
                    • 6.6 Conclusion
                    • Chapter 7: Kant and His Copernican Revolution in Philosophy
                      • 7.1 Kant and the Enlightenment
                      • 7.2 The First Critique: An Exploration of Judgment
                        • The Analytic-Synthetic Distinction
                        • Kant’s Copernican Revolution
                        • Categories of Judgment and Causality
                        • Selection 1 The Second Analogy from Critique of Pure Reason
                      • 7.3 “What Is Enlightenment?”
                        • Box 7.1 Writing Philosophically: Writing with Sources, Enlightened Writing
                        • Box 7.2 Thinking Critically: Kant and the Hindrances to Enlightenment
                        • Selection 2 “What Is Enlightenment?
                      • 7.4 Conclusion
                      • Part 3. Ways of Interacting
                        • Chapter 8: The Social Contract
                          • 8.1 Social and Political Philosophy: What is it?
                          • 8.2 Machiavelli: Political Power, Fortune, and Virtú
                            • Box 8.1 Writing Philosophically: Close Reading Revisited
                          • 8.3 Hobbes in Search of Political Legitimacy
                            • The State of Nature
                            • The Leviathan
                            • Selection 1 The Leviathan (1651)
                            • Box 8.2 Thinking Critically: Hobbes and the Historical Record of Political Philosophy
                          • 8.4 Locke on Liberty
                            • Selection 2 The U.S. Declaration of Independence
                          • 8.5 Rousseau on Natural Goodness and the General Will
                            • Box 8.3 Historical Context: The Role of the General Will in the French Revolution
                          • 8.6 Extending the Social Contract
                          • 8.7 Conclusion
                          • Chapter 9: Utilitarianism
                            • 9.1 Utilitarianism: Context and Basic Principles
                              • Selection 1 Jeremy Bentham’s An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789)
                              • Box 9.1 Historical Context: The Panopticon of Jeremy Bentham
                              • Box 9.2 Thinking Critically: The Question of Non-Human Animals—Peter Singer
                            • 9.2 Is All Pleasure Created Equal?
                              • Selection 2 John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism (1863)
                            • 9.3 Criticisms of Utilitarianism
                              • The Objection of Demandingness
                              • The Difficulty of Predicting Consequences
                              • The Challenge of Intrinsic Value
                            • 9.4 Rule and Negative Utilitarianism
                              • Rule Utilitarianism
                              • Negative Utilitarianism
                              • Box 9.3 Writing Philosophically: Arguments and Counterarguments—Utility and Abortion
                            • 9.5 Conclusion
                            • Chapter 10: Kantian Ethics
                              • 10.1 Deontology and Kant’s Notion of Duty
                              • 10.2 The Categorical Imperative
                                • The Formulation of Universality
                                • Box 10.1 Writing Philosophically: Facing Objections: The Murderer at the Door
                                • The Formulation of Humanity
                                • Box 10.2 Historical Context: Kant’s White Supremacy
                                • Box 10.3 Writing Philosophically: Kant on Nonhuman Animals
                                • Formulation of Autonomy
                                • Perfect and Imperfect Duties
                                • Selection 1 Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals (On the Happiness of Others)
                                • Box 10.4 Thinking Critically: The Duty to Resist One’s Own Oppression
                              • 10.3 The Kingdom of Ends and Punishment
                                • Selection 2 Immanuel Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals
                              • 10.4 Conclusion
                              • Part 4. Ways of the World
                                • Chapter 11: Aesthetics
                                  • 11.1 The Importance of Beauty
                                  • 11.2 Ancient Greek Ideas About Art and Beauty
                                    • Plato and Mimesis
                                    • Aristotle and Catharsis
                                    • Selection 1 Aristotle’s Poetics
                                    • Box 11.1 Writing Philosophically: Relating Philosophy to Contemporary Life
                                  • 11.3 Formalists, Functionalists, and Kant
                                    • Kant’s Turn Inward
                                    • Kant on the Judgment of the Beautiful
                                    • Genius and Fine Art
                                    • Selection 2 The Critique of Judgment (section 46) “Fine art is the art of genius”
                                    • Box 11.2 Thinking Critically: Does Great Art (And the Appreciation of Beauty) Require Solitude?
                                  • 11.4 Schiller and Dewey on the Artistry of Life
                                    • Box 11.3 Historical Context: The Time of the Imagination
                                    • Box 11.4 Writing Philosophically: Dewey on Aesthetics and the “Live Creature”
                                  • 11.5 Bell and Danto: What Counts as Art?
                                  • 11.6 Conclusion
                                  • Chapter 12: Idealism and Materialism
                                    • 12.1 The Rise of Post-Kantian Philosophy
                                      • Box 12.1 Thinking Critically: The “Ich” in Idealism
                                    • 12.2 Hegel: The Movement of Spirit
                                      • Consciousness and Spirit
                                      • Self-Reflection and Culture
                                      • Selection 1 Preface to Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit
                                      • The Phenomenology of Spirit
                                      • Box 12.2 Writing Philosophically: Lordship and Bondage
                                    • 12.3 Marx: Making Hegel Matter
                                      • Biographical Setting
                                      • Marx Meets Engels
                                      • Marxist Criticisms of Hegel (The German Ideology
                                      • The Forms of Social Relation
                                      • Box 12.3 Writing Philosophically: Evaluating a Theory: Marx versus Hegel
                                      • Modes of Production and Modes of Organization
                                      • Box 12.4 Historical Context: Marx in Africa
                                      • Selection 2 Marx’s The German Ideology (1845)
                                    • 12.4 Conclusion
                                    • Chapter 13: Pragmatism and Phenomenology
                                      • 13.1 Proto-Pragmatism: American Transcendentalism
                                        • Selection 1 Emerson’s “Self-Reliance #x201D;
                                        • Box 13.1 Historical Context: Christianity in the 1830s
                                        • Critique of Industrialization
                                        • Selection 2 Emerson’s “Compensation”
                                        • Box 13.2 Writing Philosophically: Thoreau on the Use of “I” in Philosophy
                                      • 13.2 Pragmatism: Peirce and James on Experience
                                        • Selection 3 James’ “Will to Believe”
                                      • 13.3 Dewey and Addams on Pragmatic Communities
                                        • Box 13.3 Thinking Critically: Addams on Charity
                                      • 13.4 European Phenomenology
                                        • Husserl and Heidegger
                                      • 13.5 Conclusion
                                      • Chapter 14: Existentialism and Postmodern Philosophy
                                        • 14.1 Introduction to Existentialism
                                        • 14.2 Schopenhauer, Pessimism, and the “Ozymandias Trap”
                                        • 14.3 Kierkegaard, Faith, and Anxiety
                                          • Box 14.1 Writing Critically: Discussing Short Passages
                                        • 14.4 Nietzsche, Slave Morality, and the Overman
                                          • Box 14.2 Thinking Critically: Nietzsche’s Antichrist
                                        • 14.5 Camus on the Absurd
                                          • Selection 1 Camus’ The Myth of Sisyphus
                                        • 14.6 Defining Existentialism: Sartre, Beauvoir, and Fanon
                                          • Sartre and Existentialism Is a Humanism
                                          • Existentialism’s Bad Rap
                                          • Selection 2 Rilke’s Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge
                                          • Beauvoir and Fanon on Crosscurrents of Existentialism
                                          • Box 14.3 Historical Context: Existentialism and Religions of the Here and Now
                                        • 14.7 Postmodern Philosophy and Neopragmatism
                                          • Michel Foucault on Power
                                          • Richard Rorty on the Linguistic Turn
                                        • 14.8 Conclusion
                                        • Part 5. Contemporary Topics
                                          • Chapter 15: Contemporary Metaphysics and Epistemology
                                            • 15.1 The History of Metaphysics and Epistemology: A Brief Review
                                            • 15.2 What Is Knowledge?
                                              • Justified True Belief
                                              • Truth
                                              • Belief
                                              • Justification
                                              • Gettier Counterexamples
                                              • Selection 1 Gettier’s “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?”
                                            • 15.3 Is Knowledge Possible?
                                              • Box 15.1 Historical Context: Zhuangzi and Skepticism
                                              • Moore and a Proof of an External World
                                              • Box 15.2 Writing Philosophically: Refuting a Refutation of Skepticism
                                              • Wittgenstein on Language and Knowledge
                                              • The Ideal Structure of Language
                                              • Selection 2 Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
                                              • Box 15.3 Thinking Critically: Correspondence or Not?
                                            • 15.4 Do We Possess Free Will?
                                              • Selection 3 James’s The Dilemma of Determinism
                                              • Box 15.4 Thinking Critically: Frankfurt on Compatibilism
                                            • 15.5 What Is Personal Identity?
                                            • 15.6 Conclusion
                                            • Chapter 16: Philosophy of Mind
                                              • 16.1 Introduction to the Mind
                                              • 16.2 Classical Dualism
                                                • Cartesian Dualism
                                                • Selection 1 Descartes’ Meditations VI
                                                • The Problem of Interaction
                                                • Wittgenstein’s Beetle
                                              • 16.3 The Behaviorist Challenge
                                                • Ryle’s Category Mistake
                                                • Behaviorism and Its Limits
                                                • Criticisms of Behaviorism
                                              • 16.4 Identity Theory
                                                • Lobotomies and the Physical Mind
                                                • Correlations and Identity
                                                • Zombies and the Hard Problem of Consciousness
                                                • Selection 2 David Chalmers’ “The Hard Problem of Consciousness” in The Norton Introduction to Philosophy (2018)
                                                • Eliminative Materialism
                                              • 16.5 Functionalism
                                                • Multiple Realizability
                                                • AI and the Chinese Room
                                                • Selection 3 The Chinese Room by John Searle
                                                • Box 16.1 Thinking Critically: The Turing Test
                                                • The Systems Response
                                                • Box 16.2 Historical Context: Artificial Intelligence
                                              • 16.6 Contemporary Perspectives
                                                • What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
                                                • Jackson’s Knowledge Argument
                                                • Selection 4 “What Mary Doesn’t Know”
                                                • Epiphenomenalism
                                                • Box 16.3 Writing Philosophically: Transitions and Structure
                                              • 16.7 Conclusion
                                              • Chapter 17: Virtue and Care Ethics
                                                • 17.1 Care and Virtue: Framing the Issue
                                                • 17.2 Virtue Ethics: Confucianism
                                                  • Selection 1 Confucius’ Analects (Chapter 2)
                                                • 17.3 Contemporary Ethics of Care
                                                  • Carol Gilligan’s Ethics of Care
                                                  • Box 17.1 Thinking Critically: What Is Care, Exactly?
                                                  • Criticism of Ethics of Care
                                                  • Box 17.2 Historical Context: Care Ethics and the History of Womanhood
                                                • 17.4 Virtue Ethics Brought Up to Date: Professional Codes of Conduct
                                                  • Virtue in Medical Practice
                                                  • Selection 2 Code of Medical Professionals
                                                  • Virtue in Engineering: The Case of Loyalty
                                                  • Fundamental Canons
                                                  • Box 17.3 Writing Philosophically: Using Practical Examples to Evaluate a Theory
                                                • 17.5 Conclusion
                                                • Chapter 18: Contemporary Moral and Political Philosophy
                                                  • 18.1 The Rise of Metaethics
                                                    • Box 18.1 Thinking Critically: The Naturalistic Fallacy in Action
                                                  • 18.2 Rawls and the Question of Justice
                                                    • Box 18.2 Thinking Critically: Moore and Rawls
                                                    • Selection 1 “Justice as Fairness #x201D; by John Rawls
                                                  • 18.3 Libertarianism: Leave My Stuff Alone!
                                                    • Box 18.3 Thinking Critically: The Breadth of Libertarianism
                                                  • 18.4 Communitarianism: Individualism, Overrated
                                                    • Box 18.4 Writing Philosophically: Entering a Debate
                                                  • 18.5 Radical and Feminist Critiques of Rawls
                                                    • Box 18.5 Thinking Critically: A Strange, Unsurprising Commonality
                                                  • 18.6 International Social Justice
                                                  • 18.7 Conclusion
                                                  • Chapter 19: Oppression
                                                    • 19.1 Birdcages and Double Binds
                                                      • Box 19.1 Thinking Critically: To Fight or Not to Fight? That Is the Question
                                                    • 19.2 Feminism
                                                      • Who Is a Feminist?
                                                      • Androcentric Culture and Sexism
                                                      • First Wave Feminism
                                                      • Elizabeth Cady Stanton
                                                      • Selection 1 Seneca Falls Declaration (1848)
                                                      • Box 19.2 Historical Context: Lydia Maria Child
                                                      • Second Wave Feminism
                                                      • Box 19.3 Historical Context: The Feminine Mystique and Second Wave Feminism in the United States
                                                      • Third Wave Feminism
                                                      • Selection 2 Killing Rage
                                                    • 19.3 Racism
                                                      • Washington and Du Bois
                                                      • Contemporary Philosophies “Born of Struggle”
                                                    • 19.4 Philosophy of Disability
                                                      • Box 19.4 Writing Philosophically: Conclusions 101
                                                    • 19.5 Conclusion
                                                    • Glossary
                                                    • Notes
                                                    • Index