Preface xiii
Part 1 Accelerated Testing Methodology 1
1 Viscoelasticity 5
1.1 Introduction 5
1.2 Concept of Viscoelastic Behavior 5
1.3 Concept of TTSP 6
1.4 Master Curve of Creep Compliance of Matrix Resin 6
1.5 Generalization of TTSP for Nondestructive Deformation Properties to Static, Creep, and Fatigue Strengths of FRPs 8
1.6 Master Curve of Static Strength of FRP 8
1.7 Master Curve of Creep Strength of FRP 10
1.8 Master Curve of Fatigue Strength of FRP 10
1.9 Conclusion 12
2 Master Curves of Viscoelastic Coefficients of Matrix Resin 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Master Curve of Creep Compliance Based on Modified TTSP 16
2.3 Simplified Determination of Long-term Viscoelastic Behavior 22
2.4 Master Curve of Relaxation Modulus by DMA and Creep Tests 28
2.5 Conclusion 34
3 Nondestructive Mechanical Properties of Fiber-reinforced Polymers 35
3.1 Introduction 35
3.2 Role of Mixture 35
3.3 Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Unidirectional CFRPs, Fibers, and Matrix Resins 37
3.4 Master Curves of Creep Compliance of Matrix Resin 37
3.5 Conclusion 39
4 Static and Fatigue Strengths of Fiber-reinforced Polymer 41
4.1 Introduction 41
4.2 Experimental Procedures 41
4.3 Results and Discussion 44
4.4 Applicability of TTSP 53
4.5 Conclusion 53
5 Application 1 of Accelerated Testing Methodology: Static and Fatigue Flexural Strengths of Various Fiber-reinforced Polymer Laminates Under Water Absorption Condition 57
5.1 Introduction 57
5.2 Specimen Preparation 57
5.3 Experimental Procedures 59
5.4 Creep Compliance 60
5.5 Flexural Static Strength 60
5.6 Flexural Fatigue Strength 68
5.7 Conclusion 77
6 Application 2 of Accelerated Testing Methodology: Life Prediction of Carbon-fiber-reinforced Polymer/Metal Bolted Joint 79
6.1 Introduction 79
6.2 Experimental Procedures 79
6.3 Results and Discussion 82
6.4 Conclusion 94
Part 2 Advanced Accelerated Testing Methodology 95
7 Formulation of Static Strength of Fiber-reinforced Polymers 97
7.1 Introduction 97
7.2 Formulation of Static Strength 98
7.3 Application of Formulation 99
7.4 Results and Discussion 102
7.5 Conclusion 110
8 Formulation of Fatigue Strength of Fiber-reinforced Polymer 113
8.1 Introduction 113
8.2 Formulation 113
8.3 Application of Formulation 114
8.4 Conclusion 123
9 Formulation of Creep Strength of Fiber-reinforced Polymer 125
9.1 Introduction 125
9.2 Formulation 125
9.3 Application of Formulation 127
9.4 Conclusion 131
10 Application 1 of Advanced Accelerated Testing Methodology: Static Strengths in Various Load Directions of Unidirectional Carbon-fiberreinforced Polymer Laminates Under Water Absorption Condition 133
10.1 Introduction 133
10.2 Experimental Procedures 133
10.3 Viscoelastic Behavior of Matrix Resin 134
10.4 Master Curves of Static Strengths for Unidirectional CFRP Laminates 137
10.5 Relation Between Static Strengths and Viscoelasticity of Matrix Resin 142
10.6 Conclusion 144
11 Application 2 of Advanced Accelerated Testing Methodology: Life Prediction of Carbon-fiber-reinforced Polymer Structures 145
11.1 Introduction 145
11.2 Procedure of MMF/ATM 145
11.3 Determination of MMF/ATM Critical Parameters 147
11.4 Life Determination of CFRP Structure Based on MMF/ATM 149
11.5 Experimental Confirmation for OHC Static and Fatigue Strengths of CFRP QILs 152
11.6 Conclusion 154
12 Application 3 of Advanced Accelerated Testing Methodology: Effect of Molding Condition on Statistical Static and Creep Strengths of Carbon-fiber-reinforced Polymer Strand 155
12.1 Introduction 155
12.2 Experiments 155
12.3 Creep Compliance of Matrix Resin and Static Strength of CFRP Strand 158
12.4 Master Curves of Statistical Static and Creep Strengths of CFRP Strands 161
12.5 Conclusion 163
13 Application 4 of Advanced Accelerated Testing Methodology: Effect of Carbon Fiber on Statistical Static and Creep Strengths of Carbon-fiberreinforced Polymer Strand 165
13.1 Introduction 165
13.2 Molding of CFRP Strands and Testing Methods 165
13.3 Results and Discussion 166
13.4 Conclusion 177
Part 3 Integrated Accelerated Testing Methodology 179
14 Integrated Accelerated Testing Methodology 181
14.1 Introduction 181
14.2 Formulation 181
14.3 Application of Integrated ATM 189
14.4 Statistical Long-term Life Prediction of CFRP Strand 198
14.5 Conclusion 199
15 Application 1 of Integrated Accelerated Testing Methodology: Statistical Creep and Fatigue Lives of Unidirectional Carbon-fiberreinforced Polymer Laminates Under Bending Load 201
15.1 Introduction 201
15.2 Experiments 201
15.3 Results and Discussion 203
15.4 Conclusion 214
16 Application 2 of Integrated Accelerated Testing Methodology: Carbon Fiber and Matrix Resin Mechanical Properties Controlling Statistical Tensile Fatigue Life of Unidirectional Carbon-fiber-reinforced Polymer 217
16.1 Introduction 217
16.2 Formulations 217
16.3 Experiments 222
16.4 Results and Discussion 224
16.5 Conclusion 237
17 Application 3 of Integrated Accelerated Testing Methodology: Influence of Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber on Statistical Creep and Fatigue Lives of Carbon-fiber-reinforced Polymer Strands with Thermoplastic Epoxy Resin as Matrix 239
17.1 Introduction 239
17.2 Experimental Procedure 239
17.3 Results and Discussion 241
17.4 Conclusion 253
18 Application 4 of Integrated Accelerated Testing Methodology: Statistical Tensile and Flexural Creep and Fatigue Lives of Unidirectional Carbon-fiber-reinforced Polymer Laminates with Polypropylene as Matrix 255
18.1 Introduction 255
18.2 Experimental Procedure 255
18.3 Results and Discussion 256
18.4 Conclusion 268
19 Application 5 of Integrated Accelerated Testing Methodology: Prediction of Creep Failure Life for Unidirectional Carbon-fiber-reinforced Polymer with Heat-resistant Epoxy Resin as Matrix Exposed to High Temperature Under Tension Load 271
19.1 Introduction 271
19.2 Experiments 272
19.3 Results and Discussion 276
19.4 Conclusion 282
20 Application 6 of Integrated Accelerated Testing Methodology: Effects of Annealing on Statistical Creep Life for Carbon-fiber-reinforced Polymer Strands with Thermoplastic Epoxy Resin as Matrix 285
20.1 Introduction 285
20.2 Formulations 285
20.3 Experimental Procedures 289
20.4 Results and Discussion 290
20.5 Conclusion 296
Appendix A: Effect of Physical Aging on the Creep Deformation of an Epoxy Resin 297
Appendix B: Reliable Test Method for Tensile Strength in Longitudinal Direction of Unidirectional Carbon-fiber
reinforced Polymers 307
Appendix C: Size Dependence on Tensile Strength for Resin-impregnated Carbon Fiber-reinforced Polymer Strands 317
Index 327
