Antidiabetic Activity of Indian Medicinal Plant Extracts Evaluation of Phytoconstituents' Antidiabetic Activity in Diabetes Complications

This study explores the antidiabetic properties of Bauhinia variegata, Morus alba, Trichosanthes dioica, and Allium cepa. Results revealed significant efficacy, with Bauhinia variegata and Morus alba methanolic extracts showing the highest activity. Aqueous extracts of Bauhinia variegata, Trichosanthes dioica, and Allium cepa juice also demonstrated notable antidiabetic effects and protective actions against diabetic complications. HPLC and GC/MS analyses identified active compounds: Bauhinia variegata methanolic extract contains quercetin, kaempferol, stigmasterol, and lupeol, while its aqueous extract includes kaempferol, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, lupeol, benzoic acid, and oleic acid. Morus alba's activity is linked to resveratrol, benzofuran, and hexadecanoic acid; Allium cepa contains quercetin; and Trichosanthes dioica is enriched with saponins and flavonoids. ADMET and docking studies pinpointed potential targets for these compounds, confirming their therapeutic relevance in diabetes management.