Preface xxi
1 Demystifying the Metaverse Era: The Enabling Technologies and Industry Use Cases 1
Pethuru Raj, N. Gayathri and Vandana Sharma
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 The Trends and Transitions in the Digital Era 3
1.3 Delineating Metaverse 6
1.4 The Metaverse Application Domains 27
1.5 Conclusion 32
2 Future Trends of Roadmap to Metaverse Technology 37
Jagjit Singh Dhatterwal, Kuldeep Singh Kaswan, Vandana Sharma and Balamurugan Balusamy
2.1 Introduction 38
2.2 Concepts of Metaverse 45
2.3 Metaverse 45
2.4 IT Hardware Parts (Physical Devices and Sensors) 48
2.5 Metaverse in Medical Domain 53
3 Amalgamation of IoT, Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence for Metaverse 59
Kuldeep Singh Kaswan, Jagjit Singh Dhatterwal, Reenu Batra and Vandana Sharma
3.1 Introduction 60
3.2 Understanding the Core Technologies 63
3.3 Synergy Between IoT, Blockchain, and AI 66
3.4 Applications in the Metaverse 70
3.5 Case Studies 73
3.6 Challenges and Solutions 75
3.7 Future Prospects 78
3.8 Conclusion 80
4 Metaverse Technology Architecture and Distributed Applications: Open Issues and Challenges 85
Pankaj Rahi, Budesh Kanwer, Monika Dandotiya, Reena Agnihotri and Mayur D. Jakhete
4.1 Introduction 86
4.2 Problems in Applying AR/VR in Healthcare 89
4.3 The Architecture and Use of Metaverse Technology 90
4.4 Applications 92
4.5 Benefits of Metaverse Technology in Improving the Quality of Services (QoS) 95
4.6 Limitations of Metaverse Technology Interfaces 97
4.7 Advantages of Metaverse 100
4.8 The Negatives of the Metaverse 101
4.9 Convergence Technologies, Open Issues, and Challenges of Metaverse 104
4.10 Conclusion 108
4.11 Future Work 109
5 Tools and Applications for Creation of MetaHuman 113
Vijay K., Eashaan Manohar, Sowmia K. R. and Ravikumar S.
5.1 Introduction 114
5.2 Evolution of MetaHumans 114
5.3 Metahuman Modeling 115
5.4 Functional Layer 116
5.5 Behavior Layer 117
5.6 Structural Layer 117
5.7 Challenges in Metahuman Creation 118
5.8 Phases of Creating Metahumans 118
5.9 Software Tools in Metahuman Creation 124
5.10 Platforms for MetaHuman Use 132
5.11 Conclusion 136
6 Exploring the Blockchain-Enabled Metaverse: A Comparative Study of Leading Platforms 139
Upinder Kaur and Vandana Sharma
6.1 Introduction 140
6.2 Metaverse in Depth 141
6.3 Introduction to Blockchain 145
6.4 Comparative Analysis of Blockchain Integration in Metaverse Platforms 148
6.5 Application Domains 154
6.6 Decentralization and Governance 156
6.7 Virtual Economy and Currency 157
6.8 User Experience and Accessibility 157
6.9 Security and Privacy 158
6.10 Ecosystem Development 159
6.11 Interoperability and Standards 159
6.12 Case Study: Virtual Career Fair Using Metaverse and Blockchain 160
6.13 Open Issues and Challenges in the Metaverse 162
6.14 Conclusion 164
7 Exploiting Smart Communication System Applications and Imagined Speech for Metaverse Fuzzy Conditions 171
Yogeesh N. and P. William
7.1 Introduction 172
7.2 Smart Communication System Applications and Their Relevance to Metaverse Fuzzy Conditions 175
7.3 Exploiting Smart Communication System Applications and Imagined Speech for Metaverse Fuzzy Conditions 184
7.4 Case Studies 190
7.5 Limitations and Challenges 194
7.6 Future Directions and Conclusion 196
8 Brain Computer Interface of an Immersive Virtual Metaverse Envisioned for Brain Healthcare 201
Pankaj Rahi, Abolfazl Mehbodniya, Julian L. Webber and Sayed Sayeed Ahmad
8.1 Introduction 202
8.2 System Overview 205
8.3 Brain Signaling Concepts 208
8.4 Brain-Computer Interface Architecture 211
8.5 Neuropsychological Signals Applied in BCI Applications 212
8.6 Humanoid BCI Research 214
8.7 Psychological Task Classification for Brain-Computer Interface Solicitations 223
8.8 BCI and Its Applications 225
8.9 Present and Futuristic Aspects 227
8.10 Conclusion 227
9 The Role of Metaverse in Education-Framework, Applications, Future Scope, and Importance of Metaverse in Virtual Learning Environment 233
Shubham Verma, Amit Gupta and Abhishek Prabhakar
9.1 Introduction 234
9.2 Advancements, Explanations, and Characteristics of the Metaverse 235
9.3 Collection of Technologies 237
9.4 Gap Analysis in the Real and Virtual Environment 237
9.5 Technologies Enhancement in Digital Era 237
9.6 Online Persona 237
9.7 Immersive and Multisensory Experience 238
9.8 Decentralized and Editable Content 238
9.9 Concept, Architectural View, and Characteristics of the Metaverse in Education 238
9.10 Architectural Representations Based on Metaverse in Education 239
9.11 High-Speed Communication and Networks 240
9.12 Computing Technologies 240
9.13 Technological Analysis 240
9.14 Modeling Within Metaverse 241
9.15 Variety of Technology Interaction with Metaverse 241
9.16 NPC-Non-Player Character 241
9.17 Metaverse Education Through Learning 242
9.18 Learning Resource 242
9.19 Learning Logging 243
9.20 Learning Analysis 243
9.21 Learning Authentication 243
9.22 Features of Metaverse in Education 244
9.23 Learners' Participation in Class Based on Time and Location 245
9.24 Learner Identity 245
9.25 Social Communication of Learners in Classroom 246
9.26 Learning Scene 246
9.27 Learning Resource 246
9.28 Learning Activity 247
9.29 Learning Interaction 247
9.30 Learning Objective 248
9.31 Future Potential Applications of the Metaverse in Education 248
9.32 The Metaverse Assists Blended Learning 249
9.33 The Metaverse Assists Virtual Experiment Learning 250
9.34 Metaverse Education: What is Next for Virtual Learning? 251
9.35 Understanding Metaverse Education 251
9.36 Metaverse Education: Opportunities 252
9.37 Enhanced Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity (DE&I) 252
9.38 Relatable to Modern Students (Digital Natives) 253
9.39 Can Be Combined with Mirror Worlds for Immersive Learning 254
9.40 Competitive Advancements of the Metaverse in Education 254
9.41 Technology and Equipment 254
9.42 Privacy and Data Security 255
9.43 Ethics and Morality 255
9.44 Addiction 256
9.45 Identity and Social Interaction 256
9.46 Potential Metaverse Education Research Areas 256
9.47 Conclusions 260
10 Concept Development and System Standards for Metaverse 263
Vijay K., Ravikumar S., Prithi Samuel and Eashaan Manohar
10.1 Introduction 264
10.2 What Does Metaverse Mean? 266
10.3 Concept Development for the Metaverse 267
10.4 Advantages of AI in Metaverse 276
10.5 How is Blockchain Related to Metaverse? 280
10.6 System Standards for the Metaverse 281
10.7 Research Challenges and Perspectives 284
10.8 Conclusion 287
11 Open-Source Tools, Platforms, and Environment for Building Metaverse 291
Himani Maheshwari, Umesh Chandra and Dharminder Yadav
11.1 Introduction 291
11.2 Open-Source Tools and Other Metaverse Platforms 294
11.3 Conclusion 305
12 Strategies and Procedures for the Development of Virtual Worlds Utilizing the Metaverse 307
Ridhima Sharma, Timcy Sachdeva and Prerna Ajmani
12.1 Introduction 307
12.2 Technical Process 308
12.3 Creative Approaches and Procedures 309
12.4 The Innovative Component 312
12.5 The Aspect of Society 312
12.6 Regarding the Economy 313
12.7 Component of Ethics 313
12.8 The Capabilities of the Technology of the Metaverse 315
12.9 Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) Technologies 316
12.10 Platform Compatibility Across a Wide Range of Platforms 318
12.11 Possible Outcomes 321
12.12 Conclusion 322
13 Case Studies and Use Cases for Metaverse-Driven Industries and Service Sectors 327
Vijay K., Sowmia K. R., Eashaan Manohar, K. Jayashree and Ravikumar S.
13.1 Introduction 328
13.2 Facilitating a Virtual Test Drive for Automotive Industry 328
13.3 Example: Uber is a Multi-Sided Platform Business Model 329
13.4 Virtual Showrooms for the Retail and eCommerce Sector 329
13.5 Seven Industries Transformed by Metaverse 330
13.6 What are the Metaverse Use Cases and Applications? 339
13.7 Conclusion 354
14 Fuzzy Logic in Metaverse Technology Roadmap: Adaptive Future Trends 359
Yogeesh N.
14.1 Introduction 360
14.2 Fuzzy Taxonomy for Metaverse Technologies 361
14.3 Fuzzy-Driven Technology Roadmap 363
14.4 Fuzzy Integration of Emerging Technologies 365
14.5 Case Studies 368
14.6 Future Perspectives 374
14.7 Conclusion 377
References 380
About the Editors 381
Index 383
