Scope and limit of soft power of powers in Africa A comparative analysis of Russian, Chinese and French soft power in Africa

Although the interest of the powers including : Russia, China and France for Africa is not is not recent, the presence of these powers on the African continent has been considerably strengthened since the 2000s, particularly under the effect of the policy of internationalization of multinational companies, allowing a priori these powers to increase their influence. In the economic sphere, soft power is achieved through the establishment of special economic zones, while aid policy makes it possible to combine hard power and soft power by helping to improve the donor's image. Does the soft power of Russia, China and France constitute a danger for Africa, if so how? This is the problematic of this work.