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Produktbild: Vertebrate Life

Vertebrate Life

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

14.11.2022

Verlag

Oxford University Press

Seitenzahl

656

Maße (L/B/H)

27,3/21,2/2,3 cm

Gewicht

1780 g

Auflage

11 Revised edition

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-19-755862-1

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

14.11.2022

Verlag

Oxford University Press

Seitenzahl

656

Maße (L/B/H)

27,3/21,2/2,3 cm

Gewicht

1780 g

Auflage

11 Revised edition

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-19-755862-1

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: gpsr@libri.de

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  • Produktbild: Vertebrate Life

    • Preface xv
    • Chapter 1
    • Diversity, Classification, and Evolution of Vertebrates
    • 1.1 The Vertebrate Story
    • --Binominal nomenclature
    • --Extant vertebrate groups
    • 1.2 Phylogenetic Systematics
    • 1.3 Applying Phylogenetic Criteria
    • --Evaluating possible phylogenies
    • --Molecules and morphology
    • --The problem of dating
    • --Dagger (¿) convention adopted in this book
    • 1.4 Using Phylogenetic Trees
    • --Extant phylogenetic brackets
    • --Paraphyly
    • --Crown and stem groups
    • 1.5 Genetic Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change
    • --Phenotypes and fitness
    • --Developmental regulatory genes
    • 1.6 Epigenetic Effects
    • 1.7 Earth History and Vertebrate Evolution
    • Chapter 2
    • What Is a Vertebrate??
    • 2.1 Vertebrates in Relation to Other Animals?
    • 2.2 Characteristics of Chordates?
    • --Chordate origins and evolution?
    • --Extant nonvertebrate chordates?
    • 2.3 What Distinguishes a Vertebrate??
    • 2.4 Vertebrate Embryonic Development?
    • --Development of the body?
    • --Development of the pharyngeal region?
    • --Development of the brain?
    • --Other neurogenic tissues of vertebrates?
    • 2.5 Vertebrate Tissues?
    • --Adult tissue types
    • --Mineralized tissues
    • 2.6 Vertebrate Organ Systems
    • --Integumentary system
    • --Skeletal system
    • --Muscular system
    • --Nervous system and sense organs
    • --Endocrine system
    • --Respiratory system
    • --Circulatory system
    • --Digestive system
    • --Excretory and reproductive systems
    • Chapter 3
    • Jawless Vertebrates and the Origin of Gnathostomes
    • 3.1 Earliest Evidence of Vertebrates
    • --Enigmas: ¿Conodonts and ¿Tullimonstrum
    • ---Early mineralized tissues
    • --Environment of early vertebrate evolution
    • 3.2 Cyclostomes: Extant Jawless Vertebrate
    • --Characters of cyclostomes
    • --Hagfishes: Myxiniformes
    • --Lampreys: Petromyzontiformes
    • 3.3 Jawless Osteognathostomes
    • 3.4 Gnathostome Body Plan
    • --Gnathostome skeletons
    • --What about soft anatomical features?
    • 3.5 Origin of Jaws
    • --Hypotheses of jaw origins
    • --Importance of the nose
    • --Selective value of jaws
    • 3.6 Origin of Paired Appendages
    • --Fin development and the lateral somitic frontier
    • --Advantages of fins
    • 3.7 Extinct Paleozoic Jawed Fishes
    • Chapter 4
    • Living in Water
    • 4.1 Aquatic Environment
    • --Obtaining oxygen from water using gill
    • --Obtaining oxygen from air using lungs and other respiratory structure
    • --Adjusting buoyancy
    • 4.2 Sensory World of Aquatic Vertebrates
    • --Vision
    • --Chemosensation: Olfaction and taste
    • --Detecting water displacement
    • --Hearing and equilibrium
    • --Electroreception and electrogenesis
    • 4.3 Maintaining an Internal Environment
    • --Nitrogenous wastes and kidney
    • --Osmoregulation
    • --Regulation of ions and body fluids
    • 4.4 Osmoregulation in Different Environments
    • --Marine cartilaginous fishes and coelacanths
    • --Marine teleosts
    • --Freshwater teleosts and lissamphibians
    • --Euryhaline vertebrates
    • Chapter 5
    • Geography and Ecology of the Paleozoic
    • 5.1 Deep Time
    • --The Precambrian world
    • --The Paleozoic
    • 5.2 Continental Geography
    • --Continental drift and plate tectonics
    • --Shifting continents of the Paleozoic
    • --Shifting continents and changing climates
    • 5.3 Paleozoic Climates
    • 5.4 Paleozoic Ecosystems
    • --Aquatic life
    • --Terrestrial flora
    • --Terrestrial fauna
    • 5.5 Extinctions
    • Chapter 6
    • Origin and Radiation of Chondrichthyans
    • 6.1 Acanthodii
    • 6.2 Chondrichthyes
    • --Habitats and diversity
    • --Placoid scales
    • --Cartilaginous skeleton
    • --Teeth and tooth plates
    • --Jaws and jaw suspension
    • --Internal fertilization and claspers
    • --Distinctive soft tissue and physiological features
    • 6.3 Euchondrocephali and Chimaeriformes
    • --Biology of extant Chimaeriformes
    • 6.4 Elasmobranchii, Euselachii, and Neoselachii
    • --Selachii: Sharks
    • --Batomorphi: Skates and rays
    • 6.5 Biology of Neoselachii
    • --Feeding
    • --Bioluminescence and biofluorescence
    • ---Hypoxia and the epaulette shark
    • --Endothermal heterothermy
    • --Swimming
    • --Reproduction
    • --Elasmobranch brains
    • --Social networks and migration in sand tiger sharks
    • 6.6 Declining Elasmobranch Populations
    • --Conservation and sawfishes
    • --Threats to chondrichthyans
    • --Vulnerabilities of chondrichthyans
    • --Ecological impacts of shark population declines
    • --Policies to protect sharks
    • Chapter 7
    • Origin of Osteichthyes and Radiation of Actinopterygian
    • 7.1 Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii, and Sarcopterygi
    • --Osteichthyan character
    • --Fin adaptations
    • --Other differences between actinopterygians and sarcopterygians
    • 7.2 Actinopterygii: Basal Group
    • --Polypteriformes
    • --Acipenseriformes
    • --Neopterygii: Holostei
    • --Neopterygii: Teleoste
    • 7.3 Characters of Teleostei
    • 7.4 Teleostei: Basal Groups
    • --Elopomorpha
    • --Osteoglossomorpha
    • --Otocephala
    • --Basal euteleosts
    • 7.5 Teleostei: Acanthopterygii
    • --Basal acanthopterygians
    • --Percomorph
    • 7.6 Swimming and Hydrodynamics
    • --Generating forward thrust
    • --Modes of locomotion
    • --Speed and drag
    • --Steering, stopping, and staying in place
    • 7.7 Reproduction and Development
    • --Oviparity
    • --Viviparity
    • --Sex change in teleosts
    • 7.8 Ecology of Marine Teleosts
    • --Black-water diving and larval teleosts
    • --The photic zone and its subdivisions
    • --Coral reef fishes
    • --Pelagic and deep-sea fishes
    • Chapter 8
    • Sarcopterygians and the Origin of Tetrapods
    • 8.1 Phylogenetic Concepts of Tetrapoda and Characters for Sarcopterygii
    • 8.2 The Miguasha Lagerstätte and the "Good Fossil Effect"
    • 8.3 Actinistia
    • --¿Onychodontia
    • --Coelacanthiformes
    • 8.4 Dipnomorpha
    • --¿Porolepiformes
    • --Dipnoi
    • ?
    • 8.5 Tetrapodomorpha
    • --Basal tetrapodomorphs
    • --Tetrapods
    • 8.6 Moving onto Land
    • --How did fins become limbs?
    • --Body support and locomotion of early tetrapods
    • 8.7 Paleoecology of Devonian Tetrapodomorphs
    • Chapter 9
    • Origins of Lissamphibia and Amniota
    • 9.1 Paleozoic Tetrapods and the Origins of Extant Groups
    • --Temnospondyli
    • --Origins of Lissamphibia
    • --Reptiliomorpha and the origin of amniotes
    • --Paleozoic diversification of amniotes
    • 9.2 Characters of Amniotes
    • --Skeletal characters
    • --The amniotic egg
    • --Other soft-tissue characters of amniotes
    • 9.3 Diversification of Amniotes
    • --Temporal fenestration: Synapsids and diapsid
    • --Ankle evolution in amniote
    • Chapter 10
    • Geography and Ecology of the Mesozoic
    • 10.1 Continental Geography and Climates
    • --Continental movements
    • --Climate shifts
    • 10.2 Terrestrial Ecosystems
    • --Flora
    • --Fauna
    • 10.3 Marine Ecosystems
    • --Faunal composition: Apex predators
    • --Other clades
    • 10.4 Extinctions
    • --Triassic and Jurassic extinctions
    • --Cretaceous extinctions
    • Chapter 11
    • Living on Land
    • 11.1 Support on Land
    • --Axial skeleton
    • --Axial muscle
    • --Appendicular skeleton
    • --Size and scaling
    • 11.2 Locomotion
    • 11.3 Eating
    • 11.4 Breathing Air
    • 11.5 Pumping Blood Uphill
    • 11.6 Sensory Systems
    • --Vision
    • --Hearing and equilibrium
    • --Olfaction
    • 11.7 Conserving Water in a Dry Environment
    • --Cutaneous water loss
    • --Respiratory water loss
    • --Excretory water loss
    • Chapter 12
    • Lissamphibians
    • 12.1 Diversity of Lissamphibians
    • --Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia
    • --Salamanders
    • --Anurans
    • --Caecilians
    • 12.2 Life Histories of Lissamphibians
    • --Mating and reproduction in salamanders
    • --Anuran mating and reproduction
    • --Anuran metamorphosis
    • --The ecology of tadpoles
    • --Caecilian reproduction and development
    • 12.3 Respiration and Circulation
    • --Cutaneous respiration and blood flow
    • --Blood flow in larvae and adults
    • 12.4 Water Relations
    • --Uptake and storage of water
    • --Cutaneous water loss
    • --Behavioral control of cutaneous water loss
    • 12.5 Crypsis, Warning Colors, Toxins, and Venoms
    • --Skin glands and toxins
    • --Toxicity and diet
    • --Venomous lissamphibians
    • 12.6 Why Are Lissamphibians Vanishing?
    • --Chytrid fungi
    • --Synergisms and domino effects
    • Chapter 13
    • Synapsids and Sauropsids: Two Ways of Living on the Land
    • 13.1 Conflicts between Locomotion and Respiration
    • 13.2 Lungs and Lung Ventilation: Supplying Oxygen to the Blood
    • --Synapsid lungs
    • --Sauropsid lungs
    • 13.3 Circulatory Systems: Supplying Oxygen to Tissues
    • --Systemic arches of mammals and birds
    • --Hearts with a ventricular septum: Mammals and birds
    • --Hearts without a ventricular septum: Turtles and lepidosaurs
    • --Shunting blood when the heart has a ventricular septum: Crocodylians
    • 13.4 Getting Rid of Wastes: The Kidneys
    • --Nitrogenous waste products
    • --Nitrogen excretion by synapsids: The mammalian kidney
    • --Nitrogen excretion by sauropsids: Renal and extrarenal routes
    • Chapter 14
    • Ectothermy and Endothermy: Two Ways of Regulating Body Temperature
    • 14.1 Why Regulate Body Temperature?
    • 14.2 Ectothermal Thermoregulation
    • --Energy exchange and mechanisms of ectothermy
    • --Thermal ecology of ectotherms
    • 14.3 Endothermal Thermoregulation
    • --Mechanisms of endothermal thermoregulation?
    • 14.4 Pure Ectothermy and Pure Endothermy Lie at the Extremes of a Continuum
    • --Endothermal ectotherms
    • --Heterothermal endotherms: Torpor and hibernation
    • --Heterothermal endotherms: Hyperthermia and life in the desert
    • 14.5 Evolution of Endothermy
    • --How did endothermy evolve?
    • --Evaluating the models
    • --Many factors
    • 14.6 Thermoregulation, Energy Use, and Body Size
    • --Energy requirements
    • --Body size
    • --Gigantothermy and the body temperatures of dinosaurs
    • 14.7 Ectotherms, Endotherms, and Ecosystems
    • Chapter 15
    • Lepidosaurs
    • 15.1 Characters and Diversity of Lepidosaurs
    • --Rhynchocephalians and the biology of tuatara
    • --Squamata: Lizards
    • --Squamata: Serpentes
    • 15.2 Foraging Modes
    • 15.3 Skull Kinesis and Feeding
    • --Feeding specializations of snakes
    • --Venom and fangs
    • --Hearts and stomachs
    • 15.4 Predator Avoidance and Defense
    • --Crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry
    • --Deterrence
    • --Autotomy
    • --Venom and poisons as defense mechanisms
    • 15.5 Social Behavior
    • --Courtship and territoriality
    • --Sociality and parental care
    • 15.6 Reproductive Modes
    • --Oviparity and viviparity
    • --Parthenogenesis
    • --Sex determination
    • 15.7 Climate Change
    • Chapter 16
    • Turtles
    • 16.1 Form and Function
    • --Shell and skeleton
    • --Head retraction
    • --Lung ventilation
    • --Evolution of the turtle body plan
    • 16.2 Diversity
    • 16.3 Social Behavior, Communication, and Courtship
    • 16.4 Reproduction
    • --Environmental sex determination
    • --Parental care
    • --Hatching and the behavior of baby turtles
    • 16.5 Navigation and Migration
    • --Navigation by adult sea turtles
    • --Navigation by hatchling and juvenile sea turtles
    • 16.6 Turtles in Trouble
    • --Life history
    • --Turtles are both delicious and considered medicinal
    • --Turtles are in demand as pets
    • --Sea turtles face extra risks
    • Chapter 17
    • Crocodylians
    • 17.1 Diversity of Extant Crocodylians
    • --Distribution of extant crocodylians
    • --Locomotion
    • 17.2 The Crocodylomorph Lineage
    • --¿Notosuchia
    • --Neosuchia
    • --Neosuchia
    • 17.3 Predatory Behavior and Diet
    • 17.4 Communication and Social Behavior
    • 17.5 Reproduction and Parental Care
    • --Environmental sex determination
    • --Parental care
    • 17.6 Threats to and from Crocodylians
    • --Threats from crocodylians
    • --Threats to crocodylians
    • --Reconciling humans and crocodylians
    • Chapter 18
    • Avemetatarsalia and the Origin of Dinosauria
    • 18.1 Characters and Systematics of Avemetatarsalia
    • 18.2 ¿Pterosaurs: Vertebrates Achieve Powered Flight
    • --Structure of ¿pterosaurs
    • --Reproduction, eggs, and parental care
    • --Did the evolution of birds doom ¿pterosaurs
    • 18.3 Dinosaurs: One of the Most Successful Tetrapod Radiations
    • --The structure of dinosaurs
    • 18.4 ¿Ornithischia
    • --¿Thyreophora
    • --¿Neornithischia
    • --¿Marginocephalia
    • --¿Ornithopoda
    • --Social behavior of ¿ornithischian dinosaurs
    • --Nesting and parental care by ¿ornithischians
    • --¿Neornithischia
    • --¿Marginocephalia
    • --¿Ornithopoda
    • --Social behavior of ¿ornithischian dinosaurs
    • --Nesting and parental care by ¿ornithischians
    • 18.5 ¿Sauropodomorpha
    • --Social behavior of ¿sauropod
    • --Nesting and parental care by ¿sauropodomorphs?
    • Chapter 19
    • Theropods and the Origin of Birds
    • 19.1 Characters and Systematics of Theropods
    • --Phylogenetic overview of Theropoda
    • --¿Coelophysoids: Early theropods
    • --¿Ceratosauria
    • --Tetanurae
    • --Community ecology of theropods
    • --Social behavior of theropods
    • 19.2 ¿Archaeopteryx, Mesozoic Avialans, and the Mosaic Evolution of Avian Characters
    • --Discovery of ¿Archaeopteryx
    • --Cretaceous avialans
    • --Mosaic evolution of some avialan characters
    • --Other avian features
    • --Body size
    • 19.3 Evolution of Powered Flight
    • --How-and why-birds got off the ground
    • --Gliding and flying by other Mesozoic paravians
    • 19.4 Reproduction and Parental Care by Theropods
    • --Eggs and nests
    • --Parental care of hatchlings
    • Chapter 20
    • Geography and Ecology of the Cenozoic
    • 20.1 Continental Geography and Climates
    • --Continental movements
    • --Cenozoic climates
    • 20.2 Cenozoic Ecosystems
    • --Fossil Lake
    • --Freshwater habitats
    • --Marine habitats
    • --Terrestrial flora
    • --Terrestrial fauna
    • 20.3 The Great American Biotic Interchange
    • --Terrestrial vertebrates of North and South America
    • --Faunal interchange
    • --Marine fauna and isthmian pairs
    • 20.4 Extinctions
    • Chapter 21
    • Extant Birds
    • 21.1 Diversity of Aves
    • 21.2 Structural Specializations for Flight and Bipedalism
    • --Body size
    • --Feathers
    • --Streamlining and weight reduction
    • --Skeleton
    • --Muscles
    • 21.3 Wings and Flight
    • --Flight mechanics
    • --Wing shape and flight
    • 21.4 Feet and Locomotion
    • --Hopping, walking, and running
    • --Swimming
    • 21.5 Bills, Feeding, and Digestion
    • --Bills, cranial kinesis, and tongues
    • --Digestive tract
    • 21.6 Sensory Systems
    • --Vision
    • --Hearing
    • --Olfaction
    • --Touch
    • 21.7 Communication
    • --Vocalization
    • --Sonation
    • --Visual displays
    • 21.8 Reproduction
    • --Reproductive organs and insemination
    • --Egg structure
    • --Maternal effects
    • ---Sex determination
    • -Hatching and developmental state of young
    • 21.9 Parental Care
    • --Nest building
    • --Incubating
    • --Feeding young
    • --Interspecific brood parasitism
    • 21.10 Orientation, Navigation, and Migration
    • --Navigational abilities
    • --Using multiple cues during navigation
    • --Seasonal migration
    • 21.11 Conservation
    • Chapter 22
    • Synapsids and the Origin of Mammals
    • 22.1 Synapsid Evolution
    • --Cranial skeleton and teeth
    • --Phylogenetic history of synapsids
    • 22.2 Jaw Joints and Middle Ear Bones
    • 22.3 Other Mammalian Features
    • --Teeth
    • --Specializations of the palate and tongue for swallowing
    • --Facial muscles
    • --Integument
    • --Lactation, nursing, and suckling
    • --Brain and senses
    • --Internal anatomy
    • 22.4 Basal Mammalian Clades
    • --Prototheria
    • --¿Allotheria
    • --Theria
    • Chapter 23
    • Therians
    • 23.1 Therian Features and Origins of Marsupialia and Placentalia
    • --Therian skeletons
    • 23.2 Diversity of Marsupials
    • --Marsupials and the Australian fauna
    • 23.3 Diversity of Placentals
    • --Atlantogenata
    • --Boreoeutheria
    • 23.4 Reproduction
    • --Genitalia
    • --Urogenital tracts
    • --Placentation
    • --Gestation
    • --Evolution of therian viviparity
    • 23.5 Teeth and Feeding Specializations
    • --Cusps and lophs
    • --Carnivores and herbivores: Differences in jaw muscles
    • --Digestive tracts
    • 23.6 Locomotion
    • --Limbs: Speed versus power
    • --Cursorial adaptations of ungulate limbs
    • --Digging
    • --Powered flight of bats
    • --Swimming
    • --Cetacean evolution
    • 23.7 Trophy Hunting and Extinction Risk
    • --Bighorn sheep: A case study
    • --Endangering the endangered: The effect of perceived rarity
    • --The extinction vortex
    • Chapter 24
    • Primate Evolution and the Emergence of Humans
    • 24.1 Primate Origins and Diversification
    • --Basal primates
    • --Euprimates
    • --Anthropoids
    • --New World monkeys
    • --Old World monkeys and apes
    • 24.2 Origin and Evolution of Hominoidea
    • --Hylobatidae
    • --Hominidae
    • --Homininae
    • 24.3 Origin and Evolution of Hominini
    • --Distinctive features of hominins
    • --Early hominins
    • 24.4 The Genus Homo
    • --¿Homo habilis
    • --¿Homo erectus
    • --¿Dmanisi hominins
    • --¿Neanderthals
    • --¿Denisovan hominins
    • --¿Homo longi
    • --Island species and miniaturization
    • --¿Homo naledi
    • --¿Homo bodoensis
    • --Origin and radiation of Homo sapiens
    • --What happened to the humans who were already there?
    • 24.5 Evolution of Human Characters
    • --Bipedalism
    • --Large brains
    • --Speech and language
    • 24.6 Humans and Other Vertebrates
    • --Humans as superpredators and environmental disruptors
    • --Megafaunal extinctions
    • --Is this the Anthropocene?
    • AppendixA-1
    • GlossaryG-1
    • IndexI-1