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Produktbild: Testing Statistical Assumptions in Research

Testing Statistical Assumptions in Research

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

04.03.2019

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons

Seitenzahl

224

Maße (L/B/H)

23,7/15,9/2 cm

Gewicht

465 g

Auflage

1. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-52841-8

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

04.03.2019

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons

Seitenzahl

224

Maße (L/B/H)

23,7/15,9/2 cm

Gewicht

465 g

Auflage

1. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-52841-8

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: gpsr@libri.de

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  • Produktbild: Testing Statistical Assumptions in Research
  • Preface ix
     
    Acknowledgments xi
     
    About the Companion Website xii
     
    1 Importance of Assumptions in Using Statistical Techniques 1
     
    1.1 Introduction 1
     
    1.2 Data Types 2
     
    1.2.1 Nonmetric Data 2
     
    1.2.2 Metric Data 2
     
    1.3 Assumptions About Type of Data 3
     
    1.4 Statistical Decisions in Hypothesis Testing Experiments 4
     
    1.4.1 Type I and Type II Errors 5
     
    1.4.2 Understanding Power of Test 6
     
    1.4.3 Relationship Between Type I and Type II Errors 7
     
    1.4.4 One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests 8
     
    1.5 Sample Size in Research Studies 8
     
    1.6 Effect of Violating Assumptions 11
     
    Exercises 12
     
    Answers 16
     
    2 Introduction of SPSS and Segregation of Data 17
     
    2.1 Introduction 17
     
    2.2 Introduction to SPSS 17
     
    2.2.1 Data File Preparation 19
     
    2.2.2 Importing the Data Set from Excel 21
     
    2.3 Data Cleaning 23
     
    2.3.1 Interpreting Descriptive Statistics Output 26
     
    2.3.2 Interpreting Frequency Statistic Output 27
     
    2.4 Data Management 27
     
    2.4.1 Sorting Data 28
     
    2.4.1.1 Sort Cases 28
     
    2.4.1.2 Sort Variables 29
     
    2.4.2 Selecting Cases Using Condition 31
     
    2.4.2.1 Selecting Data of Males with Agree Response 32
     
    2.4.3 Drawing Random Sample of Cases 34
     
    2.4.4 Splitting File 36
     
    2.4.5 Computing Variable 36
     
    Exercises 40
     
    Answers 42
     
    3 Assumptions in Survey Studies 45
     
    3.1 Introduction 45
     
    3.2 Assumptions in Survey Research 46
     
    3.2.1 Data Cleaning 46
     
    3.2.2 About Instructions in Questionnaire 46
     
    3.2.3 Respondent's Willingness to Answer 47
     
    3.2.4 Receiving Correct Information 47
     
    3.2.5 Seriousness of the Respondents 47
     
    3.2.6 Prior Knowledge of the Respondents 48
     
    3.2.7 Clarity About Items in the Questionnaire 48
     
    3.2.8 Ensuring Survey Feedback 48
     
    3.2.9 Nonresponse Error 48
     
    3.3 Questionnaire's Reliability 49
     
    3.3.1 Temporal Stability 49
     
    3.3.1.1 Test-Retest Method 49
     
    3.3.2 Internal Consistency 50
     
    3.3.2.1 Split-Half Test 50
     
    3.3.2.2 Kuder-Richardson Test 52
     
    3.3.2.3 Cronbach's Alpha 55
     
    Exercise 60
     
    Answers 63
     
    4 Assumptions in Parametric Tests 65
     
    4.1 Introduction 65
     
    4.2 Common Assumptions in Parametric Tests 66
     
    4.2.1 Normality 66
     
    4.2.1.1 Testing Normality with SPSS 67
     
    4.2.1.2 What if the Normality Assumption Is Violated? 71
     
    4.2.1.3 Using Transformations for Normality 72
     
    4.2.2 Randomness 74
     
    4.2.2.1 Runs Test for Testing Randomness 75
     
    4.2.3 Outliers 76
     
    4.2.3.1 Identifying Outliers with SPSS 77
     
    4.2.4 Homogeneity of Variances 79
     
    4.2.4.1 Testing Homogeneity with Levene's Test 79
     
    4.2.5 Independence of Observations 82
     
    4.2.6 Linearity 82
     
    4.3 Assumptions in Hypothesis Testing Experiments 82
     
    4.3.1 Comparing Means with t-Test 83
     
    4.3.2 One Sample t-Test 83
     
    4.3.2.1 Testing Assumption of Randomness 84
     
    4.3.2.2 Testing Normality Assumption in t-Test 85
     
    4.3.2.3 What if the Normality Assumption Is Violated? 88
     
    4.3.3 Sign Test 88
     
    4.3.4 Paired t-Test 88
     
    4.3.4.1 Effect of Violating Normality Assumption in Paired t-Test 91
     
    4.3.5 Rank Test 91
     
    4.3.6 Independent Two-Sample t-Test 92
     
    4.3.6.1 Two-Sample t-Test with SPSS and Testing Assumptions 92
     
    4.3.6.2 Effect of Violati