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Produktbild: Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical Systems

Aus der Reihe The ECS Series of Texts and Monographs

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

19.01.2021

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Seitenzahl

608

Maße (L/B/H)

26/18,3/3,6 cm

Gewicht

1310 g

Auflage

4. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-51460-2

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

19.01.2021

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Seitenzahl

608

Maße (L/B/H)

26/18,3/3,6 cm

Gewicht

1310 g

Auflage

4. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-51460-2

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: [email protected]

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  • Produktbild: Electrochemical Systems

  • Preface To The Fourth Edition xv

    Preface To The Third Edition xvii

    Preface To The Second Edition xix

    Preface To The First Edition xxi

    1 Introduction 1

    1.1 Definitions 2

    1.2 Thermodynamics and Potential 3

    1.3 Kinetics and Rates of Reaction 6

    1.4 Transport 8

    1.5 Concentration Overpotential and the Diffusion Potential 15

    1.6 Overall Cell Potential 18

    Problems 20

    Notation 21

    Part A Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Cells 23

    2 Thermodynamics In Terms of Electrochemical Potentials 25

    2.1 Phase Equilibrium 25

    2.2 Chemical Potential and Electrochemical Potential 27

    2.3 Definition of Some Thermodynamic Functions 30

    2.4 Cell with Solution of Uniform Concentration 36

    2.5 Transport Processes in Junction Regions 39

    2.6 Cell with a Single Electrolyte of Varying Concentration 40

    2.7 Cell with Two Electrolytes, One of Nearly Uniform Concentration 44

    2.8 Cell with Two Electrolytes, Both of Varying Concentration 47

    2.9 Lithium-Lithium Cell With Two Polymer Electrolytes 49

    2.10 Standard Cell Potential and Activity Coefficients 50

    2.11 Pressure Dependence of Activity Coefficients 58

    2.12 Temperature Dependence of Cell Potentials 59

    Problems 61

    Notation 68

    References 70

    3 The Electric Potential 71

    3.1 The Electrostatic Potential 71

    3.2 Intermolecular Forces 74

    3.3 Outer and Inner Potentials 76

    3.4 Potentials of Reference Electrodes 77

    3.5 The Electric Potential in Thermodynamics 78

    Notation 79

    References 80

    4 Activity Coefficients 81

    4.1 Ionic Distributions in Dilute Solutions 81

    4.2 Electrical Contribution to the Free Energy 84

    4.3 Shortcomings of the Debye-Hückel Model 87

    4.4 Binary Solutions 89

    4.5 Multicomponent Solutions 92

    4.6 Measurement of Activity Coefficients 94

    4.7 Weak Electrolytes 96

    Problems 99

    Notation 103

    References 104

    5 Reference Electrodes 107

    5.1 Criteria for Reference Electrodes 107

    5.2 Experimental Factors Affecting Selection of Reference Electrodes 109

    5.3 The Hydrogen Electrode 110

    5.4 The Calomel Electrode and Other Mercury-Mercurous Salt Electrodes 112

    5.5 The Mercury-Mercuric Oxide Electrode 114

    5.6 Silver-Silver Halide Electrodes 114

    5.7 Potentials Relative to a Given Reference Electrode 116

    Notation 119

    References 120

    6 Potentials of Cells With Junctions 121

    6.1 Nernst Equation 121

    6.2 Types of Liquid Junctions 122

    6.3 Formulas for Liquid-Junction Potentials 123

    6.4 Determination of Concentration Profiles 124

    6.5 Numerical Results 124

    6.6 Cells with Liquid Junction 128

    6.7 Error in the Nernst Equation 129

    6.8 Potentials Across Membranes 131

    6.9 Charged Membranes Immersed in an Electrolytic Solution 131

    Problems 135

    Notation 138

    References 138

    Part B Electrode Kinetics and Other Interfacial Phenomena 141

    7 Structure of The Electric Double Layer 143

    7.1 Qualitative Description of Double Layers 143

    7.2 Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm 148

    7.3 The Lippmann Equation 151

    7.4 The Diffuse Part of the Double Layer 155

    7.5 Capacity of the Double Layer in the Absence of Specific Adsorption 160

    7.6 Specific Adsorption at an Electrode-Solution Interface 161

    Problems 161

    Notation 164

    References 165

    8 Electrode Kinetics 167

    8.1 Heterogeneous Electrode Reactions 167

    8.2 Dependence of Current Density on Surface Overpotential 169

    8.3 Models for Electrode Kinetics 170

    8.4 Effect of Double-Layer Structure 185

    8.5 The Oxygen Electrode 187

    8.6 Methods of Measurement 192

    8.7 Simultaneous Reactions 193

    Problems 195

    Notation 199

    References 200

    9 Electrokinetic Phenomena 203

    9.1 Discontinuous Velocity at an Interface 203

    9.2 Electro-Osmosis and the Streaming Potential 205

    9.3 Electrophoresis 213

    9.4 Sedimentation Potential 215

    Problems 216

    Notation 218

    References 219

    10 Electrocapillary Phenomena 221

    10.1 Dynamics of Interfaces 221

    10.2 Electrocapillary Motion of Mercury Drops 222

    10.3 Sedimentation Potentials for Falling Mercury Drops 224

    Notation 224

    References 225

    Part C Transport Processes In Electrolytic Solutions 227

    11 Infinitely Dilute Solutions 229

    11.1 Transport Laws 229

    11.2 Conductivity, Diffusion Potentials, and Transference Numbers 232

    11.3 Conservation of Charge 233

    11.4 The Binary Electrolyte 233

    11.5 Supporting Electrolyte 236

    11.6 Multicomponent Diffusion by Elimination of the Electric Field 237

    11.7 Mobilities and Diffusion Coefficients 238

    11.8 Electroneutrality and Laplace'S Equation 240

    11.9 Moderately Dilute Solutions 242

    Problems 244

    Notation 247

    References 247

    12 Concentrated Solutions 249

    12.1 Transport Laws 249

    12.2 The Binary Electrolyte 251

    12.3 Reference Velocities 252

    12.4 The Potential 253

    12.5 Connection with Dilute-Solution Theory 256

    12.6 Example Calculation Using Concentrated Solution Theory 257

    12.7 Multicomponent Transport 259

    12.8 Liquid-Junction Potentials 262

    Problems 263

    Notation 264

    References 266

    13 Thermal Effects 267

    13.1 Thermal Diffusion 268

    13.2 Heat Generation, Conservation, and Transfer 270

    13.3 Heat Generation at an Interface 272

    13.4 Thermogalvanic Cells 274

    13.5 Concluding Statements 276

    Problems 277

    Notation 279

    References 280

    14 Transport Properties 283

    14.1 Infinitely Dilute Solutions 283

    14.2 Solutions of a Single Salt 283

    14.3 Mixtures of Polymers and Salts 286

    14.4 Types of Transport Properties and Their Number 295

    14.5 Integral Diffusion Coefficients for Mass Transfer 296

    Problem 298

    Notation 298

    References 299

    15 Fluid Mechanics 301

    15.1 Mass and Momentum Balances 301

    15.2 Stress in a Newtonian Fluid 302

    15.3 Boundary Conditions 303

    15.4 Fluid Flow to a Rotating Disk 304

    15.5 Magnitude of Electrical Forces 307

    15.6 Turbulent Flow 310

    15.7 Mass Transfer in Turbulent Flow 314

    15.8 Dissipation Theorem for Turbulent Pipe Flow 316

    Problem 318

    Notation 319

    References 321

    Part D Current Distribution and Mass Transfer In Electrochemical Systems 323

    16 Fundamental Equations 327

    16.1 Transport in Dilute Solutions 327

    16.2 Electrode Kinetics 328

    Notation 329

    17 Convective-Transport Problems 331

    17.1 Simplifications for Convective Transport 331

    17.2 The Rotating Disk 332

    17.3 The Graetz Problem 335

    17.4 The Annulus 340

    17.5 Two-Dimensional Diffusion Layers in Laminar Forced Convection 344

    17.6 Axisymmetric Diffusion Layers in Laminar Forced Convection 345

    17.7 A Flat Plate in a Free Stream 346

    17.8 Rotating Cylinders 347

    17.9 Growing Mercury Drops 349

    17.10 Free Convection 349

    17.11 Combined Free and Forced Convection 351

    17.12 Limitations of Surface Reactions 352

    17.13 Binary and Concentrated Solutions 353

    Problems 354

    Notation 359

    References 360

    18 Applications of Potential Theory 365

    18.1 Simplifications For Potential-Theory Problems 366

    18.2 Primary Current Distribution 367

    18.3 Secondary Current Distribution 370

    18.4 Numerical Solution by Finite Differences 374

    18.5 Principles of Cathodic Protection 375

    Problems 389

    Notation 396

    References 397

    19 Effect of Migration On Limiting Currents 399

    19.1 Analysis 400

    19.2 Correction Factor for Limiting Currents 402

    19.3 Concentration Variation of Supporting Electrolyte 404

    19.4 Role of Bisulfate Ions 409

    19.5 Paradoxes with Supporting Electrolyte 413

    19.6 Limiting Currents for Free Convection 417

    Problems 423

    Notation 424

    References 426

    20 Concentration Overpotential 427

    20.1 Definition 427

    20.2 Binary Electrolyte 429

    20.3 Supporting Electrolyte 430

    20.4 Calculated Values 430

    Problems 431

    Notation 432

    References 433

    21 Currents Below The Limiting Current 435

    21.1 The Bulk Medium 436

    21.2 The Diffusion Layers 437

    21.3 Boundary Conditions and Method of Solution 438

    21.4 Results for the Rotating Disk 440

    Problems 444

    Notation 446

    References 447

    22 Porous Electrodes 449

    22.1 Macroscopic Description of Porous Electrodes 450

    22.2 Nonuniform Reaction Rates 457

    22.3 Mass Transfer 462

    22.4 Battery Simulation 463

    22.5 Double-Layer Charging and Adsorption 477

    22.6 Flow-Through Electrochemical Reactors 478

    Problems 482

    Notation 484

    References 486

    23 Semiconductor Electrodes 489

    23.1 Nature of Semiconductors 490

    23.2 Electric Capacitance at the Semiconductor-Solution Interface 499

    23.3 Liquid-Junction Solar Cell 502

    23.4 Generalized Interfacial Kinetics 506

    23.5 Additional Aspects 509

    Problems 513

    Notation 514

    References 516

    24 Impedance 517

    24.1 Frequency Dispersion at a Disk Electrode 519

    24.2 Modulated Flow With a Disk Electrode 522

    24.3 Porous Electrodes for Batteries 526

    24.4 Kramers-Kronig Relation 528

    Problems 530

    Notation 531

    References 532

    Appendix A Partial Molar Volumes 535

    Appendix B Vectors and Tensors 537

    Appendix C Numerical Solution of Coupled, Ordinary Differential Equations 543

    Index 567