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  • Produktbild: Retirement Savings Policy
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Retirement Savings Policy Past, Present, and Future

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

10.09.2018

Abbildungen

mit 15 Illustrationen, mit 10 tblättern

Verlag

Walter de Gruyter

Seitenzahl

248

Maße (L/B/H)

23/15,5/1,5 cm

Gewicht

411 g

Auflage

1. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-5474-1645-5

Beschreibung

Rezension

Don't be intimidated by its ambitious title, Retirement Savings Policy: Past, Present and Future guides its readers deftly through a history of the U.S retirement system to answer the questions-how did we get here, and how do we move forward? Those who know Mike Barry from his Plansponsor column will recognize that he is a writer gifted in parsing out complex and thorny retirement policy issues, zeroing in on their implications, and offering unique perspectives on how to tackle them. He does not disappoint here, neatly intertwining the tough policy challenges facing the U.S. retirement system within a comprehensive and easy-to-digest primer on that same system. Anyone who wants to understand why 401(k) plans have evolved as they have, and what it might take to get the retirement system on track will want to read this book. The alarm bells that Barry raises about the possible future of not only the U.S. retirement system-but our economy as a whole-if care is not taken in shoring up the $11 trillion defined contribution system is in itself worth the price of admission, and an essential read for those seeking to figure out: what should we do to help future retirees?

-Lori Lucas, CFA, President and CEO, Employee Benefit Research Institute

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

10.09.2018

Abbildungen

mit 15 Illustrationen, mit 10 tblättern

Verlag

Walter de Gruyter

Seitenzahl

248

Maße (L/B/H)

23/15,5/1,5 cm

Gewicht

411 g

Auflage

1. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-5474-1645-5

Herstelleradresse

deGruyter Boston
Genthiner Straße 13
10785 Berlin
DE

Email: GPSR Kontakt

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  • Produktbild: Retirement Savings Policy
  • Produktbild: Retirement Savings Policy
  • Part I: The Defined Benefit Plan Legacy ¿ 1

    Chapter 1: An Overview of Existing Plans ¿ 3

    Chapter 2: DB Plan Basics ¿ 7

    A Formula Benefit ¿ 7

    Where All the Risk Is Borne by the Sponsor ¿ 9

    The Three Risks of Retirement Savings ¿ 9

    Chapter 3: The DB Valuation Challenge ¿ 13

    The Challenge ¿ 13

    The "Time Value of Money" ¿ 14

    Going Concern-The Portfolio Rate of Return Option ¿ 17

    Chapter 4: The Regulatory Framework-Benefit Insurance, Minimum Funding

    Rules and Accounting Standards Affecting DB Plan Finance ¿ 21

    The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation ¿ 22

    The Pension Protection Act of 2006 ¿ 22

    Plan A: Tighten the Minimum Funding Rules ¿ 23

    Plan B: Relax Minimum Funding Standards and Increase PBGC Premiums ¿ 24

    The Current Minimum Funding Regime ¿ 25

    The Current PBGC Premium Regime ¿ 26

    The Accounting Regime, Very Briefly ¿ 27

    How DB Liabilities Are Valued for Financial Statement Purposes ¿ 28

    Chapter 5: The Regulatory Framework-Minimum Standards for Retirement Plan

    Design and Tax Code Nondiscrimination Rules ¿ 31

    Minimum Standards ¿ 31

    Spousal Rights-the Retirement Equity Act of 1984 ¿ 33

    Tax Code Nondiscrimination Rules ¿ 34

    Tax Code Limits on Benefits, Contributions, and Compensation ¿ 34

    Chapter 6: Problems with the DB Design ¿ 37

    Issues with DB Design ¿ 37

    The Inadequacy of Pre-Retirement Income as an Index of Post-Retirement

    Needs ¿ 37

    The Inadequacy of a Flat Retirement Income Target ¿ 39

    DOI 10.1515/9781547400294-206

    The Significance of Post-Retirement Risk ¿ 39

    The Inadequacy of a Benefit Design Based on a Full Career ¿ 40

    The DB Benefit Is Significantly Backloaded ¿ 40

    Significance for Corporate Culture ¿ 41

    Chapter 7: The Cash Balance Plan Conversion Crisis ¿ 43

    What Is a Cash Balance Plan? ¿ 43

    Why a Cash Balance Plan? ¿ 45

    Why Did These Plans Have a Surplus? ¿ 45

    Why Does a Funding Surplus Matter? ¿ 46

    Why Cash Balance Plans Solved This Problem ¿ 46

    Cash Balance Plan Conversion = A Decrease in Benefits for Older

    Employees ¿ 48

    Massive Employee Pushback ¿ 49

    Chapter 8: The Secular Decline in Interest Rates and the Viability of DB

    Plans ¿ 53

    What About the Other Two Sponsor Risks-Investment and Mortality? ¿ 54

    A Fundamental Lack of Transparency ¿ 55

    Chapter 9: Getting Out, Slowly ¿ 57

    The Increased Cost of Plan Termination ¿ 57

    Getting Out Without Getting Out-The Plan Freeze ¿ 58

    Taming Liabilities-Liability Driven Investments ¿ 58

    The LDI Overlay ¿ 59

    Chapter 10: Managing the DB Legacy-Reducing PBGC Premiums ¿ 63

    Plan Funding, Briefly ¿ 63

    PBGC Premiums, At Length ¿ 63

    Pursuing a Contribution Policy That Reduces Variable-Rate Premiums ¿ 67

    Variable-Rate Premium Fundamentals ¿ 67

    Two Broad Strategies ¿ 68

    Strategies for Maximizing the Value of the Headcount Cap ¿ 69

    PBGC Premiums and Basic Retirement Policy ¿ 71

    Chapter 11: The Cash Balance Alternative ¿ 73

    The PPA Legitimizes the Cash Balance Design ¿ 73

    Market Cash Balance Plans ¿ 74

    Chapter 12: Intermezzo-Basic Policy Considerations Part I ¿ 75

    Two Kinds of Office ¿ 75

    What Are the Retirement Benefits? ¿ 76

    The Status of Subsidized Benefits ¿ 77

    A Legitimate Expectation That the Employer Would Continue the Plan ¿ 78

    DB Plans, a Verdict ¿ 79

    Who Pays for Retirement Benefits? ¿ 80

    Retirement Savings Tax Policy-Two Views ¿ 81

    Part II: Defined Contribution Plans and the 401(k)

    Revolution ¿ 83

    Chapter 13: The Rise of the 401(k) ¿ 85

    Chapter 14: DC/401(k) Plan Basics ¿ 89

    How Contributions Are Determined ¿ 89

    How Assets Are Invested ¿ 89

    How Benefits Are Paid ¿ 90

    A Retirement Savings Design that Functions Like Compensation ¿ 90

    What Happened to the Three Risks? ¿ 90

    The Structure and Administration of 401(k) Plans ¿ 92

    Chapter 15: The DC Adequacy Challenge ¿ 95

    What Is Adequacy? ¿ 95

    A Subjective Answer to the Adequacy Question ¿ 96

    Towards an "Adequate" Policy Framework ¿ 96

    Ambiguities ¿ 96

    Three Sorts of Answers to the Adequacy Question ¿ 97

    Adequacy of Investment ¿ 101

    Payout ¿ 104

    Chapter 16: Adequate Savings and the Regulatory Framework-Retirement

    Savings Tax Incentives ¿ 105

    The Current System ¿ 105

    Retirement Savings Tax Benefits ¿ 106

    How Much Are These Tax Benefits Worth? ¿ 106

    Methodology ¿ 107

    "Roth" versus Regular Contributions ¿ 110

    Retirement Savings Tax Incentives, Rothification, and the Budget ¿ 111

    A Middle-Class Tax Benefit? ¿ 112

    Does This System Work? ¿ 113

    Chapter 17: 401(k) Tax Code Nondiscrimination Rules ¿ 115

    The ADP Test ¿ 115

    The Dollar Limit on 401(k) Contributions ¿ 116

    Passing the ADP Test ¿ 117

    Participant Education ¿ 117

    Matching Contributions ¿ 117

    Safe Harbors ¿ 118

    Defaults ¿ 118

    Chapter 18: Adequate Investment-The Asset Allocation Challenge ¿ 121

    Participant Education ¿ 122

    Default Investments ¿ 122

    2007 QDIA Rules ¿ 123

    DOL's QDIA Regulation ¿ 123

    QDIA/Target Date Funds as the Preferred Asset Allocation ¿ 125

    Chapter 19: ERISA Fiduciary Rules ¿ 127

    Who Is a Fiduciary under ERISA? ¿ 128

    What Are a Fiduciary's "Duties"? ¿ 128

    ERISA Section 404(c) ¿ 129

    Residual Obligations of Plan Fiduciaries Under 404(c) ¿ 129

    General Fiduciary Standards ¿ 130

    Prohibited Transactions ¿ 130

    Prohibited Transaction Exemptions ¿ 131

    Chapter 20: The Structure and Administration of 401(k) Plans, Revisited ¿ 133

    Basic Organization ¿ 133

    Fiduciary Selection and Monitoring of Plan Service Providers ¿ 133

    The Structure of 401(k) Plan Fee Arrangements ¿ 134

    Current Practice ¿ 137

    Chapter 21: Why Fees? ¿ 139

    First: Unlike in DB Plans, in 401(k) Plans Fiduciary and Participant Interests

    Are Not Aligned ¿ 139

    Second: Fees Have a Significant Effect on Retirement Outcomes ¿ 139

    Third: Plan Fiduciaries Limit Participant Investment Choices and Negotiate

    the Deal with Plan Service Providers ¿ 140

    Academic Work on Fees ¿ 140

    Chapter 22: 401(k) Plan Fees and Fiduciary Regulation ¿ 143

    Fee Disclosure ¿ 144

    Provider-to-Sponsor Disclosure Rules ¿ 145

    Sponsor-to-Participant Disclosure Rules ¿ 146

    The Fiduciary Rule, Round 1 ¿ 146

    Round 2 ¿ 147

    The Fiduciary Rule in Brief ¿ 148

    A New Set of "Impartial Conduct" Standards ¿ 150

    Regulation of Compensation Policy ¿ 150

    Disclosures ¿ 151

    Contract Requirement for Non-ERISA Plans and IRAs ¿ 151

    Implementation, Criticism, Challenges ¿ 151

    Fifth Circuit Vacates the Fiduciary Rule ¿ 152

    Assessing Fee Regulation Efforts ¿ 152

    Chapter 23: Fiduciary litigation ¿ 155

    The Problem of Proof ¿ 155

    "Generic Services"-Recordkeeping ¿ 156

    Chapter 24: Fiduciary Best Practices and Managing Fiduciary Risk ¿ 161

    Key Process Elements ¿ 161

    A Broad Range of Alternatives ¿ 163

    Chapter 25: An Adequate Payout ¿ 169

    The 401(k) Payout Challenge ¿ 169

    Individual Choice vs. the "Right Choice" ¿ 176

    Chapter 26: Intermezzo-Plan B ¿ 183

    Continued Work-the Good News ¿ 183

    The Other Plan B: Moving In with the Kids ¿ 185

    The Worst Case ¿ 186

    For the Most Part, a First World Problem ¿ 188

    Part III: The Future ¿ 189

    Chapter 27: The Demographic Background ¿ 191

    The Age-Old Problem of Old Age ¿ 191

    The Wealth Transfer Paradigm ¿ 194

    The Socialization of the Paradigm ¿ 195

    Money versus Time ¿ 199

    Turning Savings into Investment ¿ 199

    Chapter 28: The Great Transition ¿ 201

    The Ratio of Workers to Retirees Is Going to Go Down, Significantly ¿ 201

    In the Transition from PAYGO to Funding, Someone Will Have to Pay

    Twice ¿ 202

    The Transition to the 401(k) System Caught Baby Boomers Mid-Career ¿ 204

    Chapter 29: Covering the Uncovered ¿ 207

    How Big Is This Problem? ¿ 207

    What Sorts of Employers Don't Provide Plans? ¿ 208

    What Is Preventing Smaller Employers from Implementing Workplace

    Retirement Plans? ¿ 208

    Reducing Administrative Burden and Cost ¿ 210

    Increasing Incentives ¿ 213

    And the Gig Economy ¿ 215

    Chapter 30: The Implications of the Software Revolution for Retirement

    Savings ¿ 219

    The Current System ¿ 219

    The Distributed Ledger Technology Revolution ¿ 221

    Are There Situations in Which Friction Is a Feature, Not a Bug? ¿ 223

    Are There Situations in Which Transparency Is a Bug, Not a Feature? ¿ 223

    Chapter 31: The Role of the Employer ¿ 225

    What Is in All This for the Employer? ¿ 227

    Chapter 32: The Bureaucratization of Capital ¿ 231

    Chapter 33: Coda ¿ 233

    What is Retirement? ¿ 233

    The Way Forward ¿ 234

    Index ¿ 237