Acknowledgements | v
Preface | vii
Chapter 1 - Introduction | 1
Terminology | 4
Short History of EFI | 5
EFI Becomes UEFI-The UEFI Forum | 6
PIWG and USWG | 8
Platform Trust/Security | 11
Embedded Systems: The New Challenge | 12
How the Boot Process Differs between a Normal Boot and an
Optimized/Embedded Boot | 13
Summary | 14
Chapter 2 - Basic UEFI Architecture | 15
Objects Managed by UEFI-based Firmware | 15
UEFI System Table | 16
Handle Database | 16
Protocols | 18
Working with Protocols | 21
Multiple Protocol Instances | 21
Tag GUID | 21
UEFI Images | 22
Applications | 25
OS Loader | 25
Drivers | 26
Events and Task Priority Levels | 27
Summary | 30
Chapter 3 - UEFI Driver Model | 31
Why a Driver Model Prior to OS Booting? | 31
Driver Initialization | 32
Host Bus Controllers | 33
Device Drivers | 35
Bus Drivers | 36
Platform Components | 38
Hot Plug Events | 38
Pseudo Code | 41
Device Driver | 41
Bus Driver that Creates All of Its Child Handles on the First Call to
Start() | 42
Bus Driver that Is Able to Create All or One of Its Child Handles on Each Call
to Start(): | 43
Additional Innovations | 47
Security | 47
Manageability | 48
Networking | 49
Summary | 52
Chapter 4 - Protocols You Should Know | 53
EFI OS Loaders | 55
Device Path and Image Information of the OS Loader | 56
Accessing Files in the Device Path of the OS Loader | 57
Finding the OS Partition | 58
Getting the Current System Configuration | 60
Getting the Current Memory Map | 61
Getting Environment Variables | 62
Transitioning to an OS Kernel | 63
Summary | 63
Chapter 5 - UEFI Runtime | 65
Isn't There Only One Kind of Memory? | 66
How Are Runtime Services Exposed? | 69
Time Services | 70
Why Abstract Time? | 70
Get Time | 70
Set Time | 71
Get Wakeup Time | 72
Set Wakeup Time | 72
Virtual Memory Services | 72
Set Virtual Address Map | 73
ConvertPointer | 73
Variable Services | 74
GetVariable | 74
GetNextVariableName | 75
SetVariable | 75
Miscellaneous Services | 77
Reset System | 78
Get Next High Monotonic Count | 79
UpdateCapsule | 79
QueryCapsuleCapabilities | 80
Summary | 80
Chapter 6 - UEFI Console Services | 81
Simple Text Input Protocol | 83
Simple Text Input Ex Protocol | 86
Simple Text Output Protocol | 87
Remote Console Support | 89
Console Splitter | 92
Network Consoles | 93
Summary | 95
Chapter 7 - Different Types of Platforms | 97
Summary | 110
Chapter 8 - DXE Basics: Core, Dispatching, and Drivers | 111
DXE Core | 112
Hand-Off Block (HOB) List | 114
DXE Architectural Protocols | 115
EFI System Table | 117
EFI Boot Services Table | 118
EFI Runtime Services Table | 119
DXE Services Table | 119
Global Coherency Domain Services | 120
GCD Memory Resources | 120
GCD I/O Resources | 122
DXE Dispatcher | 123
The a priori File | 125
Dependency Grammar | 125
DXE Drivers | 126
Boot Device Selection (BDS) Phase | 127
Console Devices | 128
Boot Devices | 129
Boot Services Terminate | 129
Summary | 130
Chapter 9 - Some Common UEFI and PI Functions | 131
Architectural Protocol Examples | 132
CPU Architectural Protocol | 133
Real Time Clock Architectural Protocol | 135
Timer Architectural Protocol | 135
Reset Architectural Protocol | 136
Boot Device Selection Architectural Protocol | 137
Variable Architectural Protocol | 138
Watchdog Timer Architectural Protocol | 138
PCI Protocols | 139
PCI Host Bridge Resource Allocation Protocol | 139
PCI Root Bridge I/O | 143
PCI I/O | 145
Block I/O | 147
Disk I/O | 149
Simple File System | 150
EFI File Protocol | 151
Configuration Infrastructure | 152
Using the Configuration Infrastructure | 153
Driver Model Interactions | 154
Provisioning the Platform | 155
Summary | 156
Chapter 10 - Platform Security and Trust | 157
Trust Overview | 157
Trusted Platform Module (TPM) and Measured Boot | 160
What Is a Trusted Building Block (TBB)? | 163
What Is the Point of Measurements? | 168
UEFI Secure Boot | 169
UEFI Executable Verification | 170
UEFI Networking | 173
UEFI User Identification (UID) | 176
Hardware Evolution: SRTM-to-DRTM | 177
Platform Manufacturer | 178
Vulnerability Classification | 180
Roots of Trust/Guards | 180
Summary | 181
Chapter 11 - Boot Device Selection | 183
Firmware Boot Manager | 185
Related Definitions | 188
Globally-Defined Variables | 188
Default Behavior for Boot Option Variables | 191
Boot Mechanisms | 191
Boot via Simple File Protocol | 192
Boot via LOAD_FILE Protocol | 193
Summary | 194
Chapter 12 - Boot Flows | 195
Defined Boot Modes | 196
Priority of Boot Paths | 196
Reset Boot Paths | 198
Intel® Itanium® Processor Reset | 198
Non-Power-On Resets | 199
Normal Boot Paths | 199
Basic G0-to-S0 and S0 Variation Boot Paths | 200
S-State Boot Paths | 200
Recovery Paths | 201
Discovery | 201
General Recovery Architecture | 202
Special Boot Path Topics | 203
Special Boot Paths | 203
Special Intel Itanium® Architecture Boot Paths | 203
Intel Itanium® Architecture Access to the Boot Firmware Volume | 203
Architectural Boot Mode PPIs | 207
Recovery | 207
Discovery | 208
Summary | 208
Chapter 13 - Pre-EFI Initialization (PEI) | 209
Scope | 209
Rationale | 210
Overview | 210
Phase Prerequisites | 212
Temporary RAM | 212
Boot Firmware Volume | 212
Security Primitives | 213
Concepts | 213
PEI Foundation | 213
Pre-EFI Initialization Modules (PEIMs) | 214
PEI Services | 215
PEIM-to-PEIM Interfaces (PPIs) | 215
Simple Heap | 216
Hand-Off Blocks (HOBs) | 216
Operation | 217
Dependency Expressions | 218
Verification/Authentication | 219
PEIM Execution | 219
Memory Discovery | 219
Intel® Itanium® Processor MP Considerations | 220
Recovery | 220
S3 Resume | 221
The "Terse Executable" and Cache-as-RAM | 222
Example System | 223
Summary | 226
Chapter 14 - Putting It All Together-Firmware Emulation | 227
Virtual Platform | 228
Emulation Firmware Phases | 230
Hardware Pass-Through | 235
Summary | 236
Chapter 15 - Reducing Platform Boot Times | 237
Proof of Concept | 240
Marketing Requirements | 241
What Are the Design Goals? | 242
Platform Policy | 242
What Are the Supported OS Targets? | 243
Do We Have to Support Legacy Operating Systems? | 243
Do We Have to Support Legacy Option ROMs? | 243
Are We Required to Display an OEM Splash Screen? | 244
What Type of Boot Media Is Supported? | 244
What Is the BIOS Recovery/Update Strategy? | 245
When Processing Things Early | 245
Is There a Need for Pre-OS User Interaction? | 246
Additional Details | 246
Adjusting the BIOS to Avoid Unnecessary Drivers | 246
What Is the Boot Target? | 247
Steps Taken in a Normal and Optimized Boot | 247
Loading a Boot Target | 248
Organizing the Flash Effectively | 249
Minimize the Files Needed | 249
Summary | 250
The Primary Adjustments | 250
Suggested Next Steps | 251
Chapter 16 - Embedded Boot Solution | 253
CE Device Landscape | 253
CE Device Boot Challenges | 254
In-Vehicle Infotainment | 256
Other Embedded Platforms | 257
Generic Requirements | 258
Boot Strategies | 259
Power Management | 261
Boot Storage Devices | 261
Security | 263
Manageability | 267
Summary | 268
Chapter 17 - Manageability | 269
Overall Management Framework | 269
Dynamic In-Band | 271
Out-of-Band | 271
Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) | 271
UEFI Error Format Standardization | 272
UEFI Error Format Overview | 276
Error Record Types | 276
Windows Hardware Error Architecture and the Role of UEFI | 277
Technology Intercepts: UEFI, IPMI, Intel® AMT, WS-MAN | 281
Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) | 281
Intel® Active Management Technology (Intel AMT) | 283
Web Services Management Protocol (WS-MAN) | 285
Other Industry Initiatives | 285
The UEFI/IPMI/Intel® AMT/WS-MAN Bridge | 286
IPMI Error Records to UEFI | 287
UEFI Error Records to IPMI | 287
Intel® AMT and IPMI | 287
Future Work | 288
Configuration Namespace | 288
Namespace Entries | 292
Summary | 293
Appendix A - Data Types | 295
Appendix B - Status Codes | 297
Index | 301
