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  • Produktbild: Bacterial Adhesion
  • Produktbild: Bacterial Adhesion

Bacterial Adhesion Mechanisms and Physiological Significance

146,99 €

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

07.04.2013

Herausgeber

M. Fletcher + weitere

Verlag

Springer Us

Seitenzahl

476

Maße (L/B/H)

25,4/17,8/2,7 cm

Gewicht

931 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1985

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-4615-6516-1

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

07.04.2013

Herausgeber

Verlag

Springer Us

Seitenzahl

476

Maße (L/B/H)

25,4/17,8/2,7 cm

Gewicht

931 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1985

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-4615-6516-1

Herstelleradresse

Springer-Verlag GmbH
Tiergartenstr. 17
69121 Heidelberg
DE

Email: ProductSafety@springernature.com

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  • Produktbild: Bacterial Adhesion
  • Produktbild: Bacterial Adhesion
  • I. Introduction and Description of Surfaces.- 1 Phenomena of Bacterial Adhesion.- 1. The Sessile Mode of Bacterial Growth.- 1.1. Bacterial Glycocalyx in Vivo and in Vitro.- 1.2. Microcolony Formation by Adherent Bacteria.- 1.3. Consortium Formation by Adherent Bacteria.- 1.4. Biofilm Predominance in Aquatic Systems.- 1.5. Physiology of Biofilm Populations.- 1.6. Removal of Biofilms.- 1.7. Control of Biofilm Formation.- 2. Bacterial Adhesion to Inert Medical Prostheses.- 2.1. Biofilm Formation and Structure.- 2.2. Pathogenic Consequences of Biofilm Development.- 2.3. Resistance of Biofilm Populations to Host Defense Factors and to Antibacterial Chemotherapy.- 3. Autochthonous Bacterial Populations in Animal Systems.- 3.1. Bacterial Colonization of Digesta.- 3.2. Bacterial Colonization of Digestive Systems.- 3.3. Autochthonous “Barrier” Populations as a Protection from Disease.- 3.4. Disease Prevention by the Manipulation of Bacterial Barrier Populations.- 4. Pathogenic Bacterial Adhesion in Animal Systems.- 4.1. Bacterial Pili and Surface Proteins as Specific Ligands.- 4.2. Bacterial Glycocalyx as a Ligand and as a Bacterial Defense Mechanism.- 4.3. Role of Bacterial Surface Changes in the Microbial Ecology of Bacterial Infections.- 5. Summary.- References.- 2 Bacterial Cell Walls and Surfaces.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Gram-Positive Bacteria.- 2.1. Peptidoglycan.- 2.2. Secondary Cell Wall Polymers.- 2.3. Proteins.- 2.4. Cell Wall-Associated Polymers.- 2.5. Turnover and Environmentally Induced Variation in Cell Wall Polymers.- 3. Gram-Negative Bacteria.- 3.1. The Periplasmic Space.- 3.2. Peptidoglycan.- 3.3. The Outer Cell Membrane.- 3.4. Extracellular Components and Glycocalyx.- 3.5. Turnover and Cell Wall Variation.- 4. Surface Appendages.- 4.1. Flagella.- 4.2. Sex Pili and Fimbriae.- 4.3. Prosthecae.- 5. Probing the Bacterial Cell Surface.- 5.1. Surface Charge of Bacterial Cells.- 5.2. Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Properties of Bacterial Cells.- 5.3. Immunoglobulins, Lectins, and Phages as Specific Surface Probes.- 6. Functional Aspects of Bacterial Cell Walls and Surfaces.- References.- 3 Animal Cell Surface Membranes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Molecular Constituents.- 2.1. Lipids.- 2.2. Proteins and Glycoproteins.- 3. Organization of Cell Membrane Constituents.- 3.1. Integral Membrane Constituents.- 3.2. Peripheral Membrane Components.- 3.3. Glycoproteins of the Cell Coat.- 4. Cell Surface Receptors.- 4.1. General Concepts.- 4.2. Binding Studies.- 4.3. Expression of Receptors on Cell Surfaces.- 4.4. Characterization of Cell Surface Receptors.- 4.5. Animal Cell Surface Receptors in Bacterial Adhesion.- References.- 4 Characteristics of Plant Surfaces.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Material Common to All Epidermal Cell Walls: The Primary Cell Wall.- 2.1. Microfibrillar Phase.- 2.2. Matrix Phase.- 2.3. Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoproteins.- 2.4. Interpolymeric Linkages.- 3. Superficial Coverings of Plants.- 3.1. Mucilages.- 3.2. Cutins.- 3.3. Suberin-Complex.- 3.4. Waxes.- 4. Plant Defense: Polymers Synthesized in Response to Damage.- 4.1. Preformed Defensive Components.- 4.2. Postformed Defensive Components.- 5. Summary.- References.- 5 The Properties of Nonbiological Surfaces and Their Characterization.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Surface Energy and Contact Angle.- 2.1. Theoretical Treatments of Thermodynamic Parameters.- 2.2. Techniques.- 3. Electrokinetic Properties and Measurements.- 3.1. Zeta Potentials.- 3.2. Surface Charge Densities.- 3.3. Streaming Measurements.- 3.4. Conducting Solids and Liquids.- 3.5. Surface Films.- 4. Surface Chemical Analysis.- 5. Adsorption and Contamination.- 6. Overview.- References.- II. Mechanisms of Adhesion.- 6 Mechanisms of Bacterial Adhesion at Solid-Water Interfaces.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Transport of Bacteria to Surfaces.- 2.1. Conditions in the Aqueous Phase.- 2.2. Transport Mechanisms.- 3. Reversible Adhesion.- 3.1. Long-Range Forces.- 3.2. Some Consequences of Reversible Adhesion.- 4. Irreversible Adhesion.- 4.1. Polymer Bridging.- 4.2. Short-Range Forces.- 4.3. Adhesion Strength.- 4.4. Passive versus Active Adhesion.- 4.5. Surface Energy Approach to Adhesion.- 4.6. Colloid Stability versus Surface Energy Approaches.- 4.7. Adsorption Isotherms.- 4.8. Conditioning Films.- 5. Temporary Adhesion in Gliding Bacteria.- 6. Role of Polymers.- 6.1. Polymers as Adhesives.- 6.2. Polymers as Dispersants.- 6.3. Polymer Composition.- 6.4. Genetic Aspects of Polymer Production.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- 7 Mechanisms of Bacterial Adhesion at Gas-Liquid Interfaces.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Characterization of Natural Gas-Liquid Interfaces.- 2.1. Surface Microlayers of Aquatic Systems.- 2.2. Gas Bubbles in Aquatic Systems—Adsubble Processes.- 2.3. Terrestrial Systems.- 3. Bacterial Nutritional and Cell Surface Properties Which Affect Adhesion.- 3.1. Survival Tactics of Bacteria.- 3.2. The Influence of Surface Properties of Bacteria on Their Distribution at the Air-Water Interface.- 4. Mechanisms of Bacterial Adhesion at Gas-Liquid Inferfaces.- 4.1. Transport and Accumulation Processes.- 4.2. Field Observations on Selective Enrichments.- 4.3. Experiments Investigating the Relationship between Selective Enrichments and Bacterial Surface Characteristics.- 4.4. Model System Experiments to Determine Physicochemical Properties.- 5. Effects of Bacterial Enrichment at the Air-Water Interface.- 5.1. Bacterial Activity.- 5.2. Possible Food Chains.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 8 Mechanisms of Adhesion to Clays, with Reference to Soil Systems.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Properties of Soil Particles.- 2.1. Inorganic Components.- 2.2. Aggregates.- 2.3. Organic Components.- 3. Importance of Water.- 4. “Conditioning Films” and Extracellular Slime Layers.- 4.1. Organic and Inorganic Conditioning Films.- 4.2. Bacterial Extracellular Slime Layers.- 5. Metabolic Activity of Particle-Bound Cells in Soil.- 6. Physicochemical Properties and Mechanisms That Can Affect Adhesion.- 6.1. Charge Interactions.- 6.2. Hydrogen Bonding.- 6.3. Other Interactions.- 6.4. Factors Determining Dominant Interactions.- 7. Surface Interactions between Clay Minerals and Biological Entities.- 7.1. General Considerations.- 7.2. Bacteria.- 7.3. Viruses.- 7.4. Fungi.- 7.5. Proteinaceous Compounds.- 8. Conclusions.- References.- 9 Mechanisms of Bacterial Adhesion to Plant Surfaces.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. General Scope.- 1.2. Comparison of Some Aspects of Bacterial Adhesion to Plant and Animal Cells.- 1.3. Methods of Studying Bacterial Adhesion to Plant Cells.- 2. Interactions of Rhizobia with the Root Surface.- 2.1. The Infection Process.- 2.2. Role of Bacterial Adhesion in the Formation of Nodules.- 2.3. Role of Plant Lectins in Adhesion of Rhizobia to Root Hairs.- 2.4. Genetics of Attachment of Rhizobium.- 2.5. Model for Attachment of Rhizobium to the Root Hair Surface.- 3. Interactions of Agrobacteria with the Plant Cell Surface.- 3.1. Bacterial Induction of Crown Gall Tumors.- 3.2. General Characteristics of Binding of A. tumefaciens to Plant Cells.- 3.3. Plant Receptors for Binding of A. tumefaciens.- 3.4. The Bacterial Binding Site.- 3.5. Role of Cellulose Fibrils in Attachment of A. tumefaciens.- 3.6. Attachment of A. rhizogenes to Plant Cells.- 3.7. Model for Attachment of A. tumefaciens to the Plant Cell Surface.- 4. Interactions of Pseudomonas, Erwinia, and Xanthomonas with the Plant Cell Surface.- 4.1. Bacterial Attachment and the Hypersensitive Response.- 4.2. Role of Plant Proteins Which Agglutinate Bacteria.- 4.3. Adhesion of Bacteria to the Outer Surface of the Plant.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 10 Adhesion of Bacteria to Animal Tissues: Complex Mechanisms.- 1. Introduction.- 2. “Bridging” Ligands Produced by Bacteria.- 2.1. The Role of Lipoteichoic Acid as an Adhesin for Group A Streptococci.- 2.2. The Role of LTA as an Adhesin for Group B Streptococci.- 2.3. The Role of LTA as an Adhesin for Other Organisms.- 2.4. LTA Summary.- 3. Host-Derived “Bridging” Ligands.- 3.1. The Role of Fibronectin in the Adhesion of Bacteria to Animal Tissues.- 3.2. The Role of Other Serum Proteins in the Adhesion of Bacteria to Animal Tissues.- 4. Bacterial Adhesion to Tissues by “Bridging” Cells.- 4.1. “Bridging” Cells of Bacterial Origin—The Formation of Dental Plaque.- 4.2. “Bridging” Cells of Host Origin—The Pathogenesis of Bacterial Endocarditis.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- 11 Pilus Adhesins.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Definitions.- 1.2. Physicochemical Considerations of Adhesion.- 1.3. General Mechanisms of Adhesion.- 2. Pili as Adhesins.- 2.1. In Vivo.- 2.2. In Vitro.- 3. Structure of Pili.- 3.1. Morphology.- 3.2. Biochemistry.- 3.3. Antigenicity.- 4. Genetics.- 4.1. Gene Loci.- 4.2. Expression.- 4.3. The Role of Pilus (Adhesin) Expression in the Establishment of Populations.- 5. Adhesin Receptors.- 5.1. P-Pili (Fimbriae)-Specific Receptors.- 5.2. Other Pilus-Specific Receptors.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- References.- III. Consequences of Adhesion.- 12 Effect of Solid Surfaces on the Activity of Attached Bacteria.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Comparative Activities of Attached and Free-Living Bacteria in the Natural Environment.- 2.1. Bacteria Associated with Suspended Particles in Aquatic Environments.- 2.2. Bacterial Biofilms on Submerged Solid Surfaces.- 3. Comparative Activities of Attached and Free-Living Bacteria in the Laboratory.- 3.1. Enhancement by Solid Surfaces of Suspended and Surface-Associated Bacterial Activity.- 3.2. Enhancement of Bacterial Activity through Attachment to Solid Surfaces.- 3.3. Lack of Effect or Inhibition of Activity by Solid Surfaces.- 3.4. Complex Interactions between Bacterium, Substrate, and Substratum.- 3.5. Effects of Surfaces on Bacterial Morphology.- 3.6. Promotion of Bacterial Survival at Surfaces.- 4. Possible Mechanisms for the Effects of Surfaces on Activity.- 4.1. The Solid Surface as a Microenvironment.- 4.2. Direct Influence of the Surface on Bacterial Physiological Processes.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 13 Influence of Attachment on Microbial Metabolism and Growth in Aquatic Ecosystems.- 1. Introduction—The Aquatic Environment: Surface versus Planktonic Environments.- 2. Microbial Attachment in Aquatic Environments.- 2.1. Factors Initiating Attachment.- 2.2. Postadhesive Events and Their Effects on Modification of the Liquid-Solid Interface.- 3. Aquatic Microzones as Sites of Postattachment Alteration (Modification) of Metabolism.- 4. Diversification of Microzones.- 5. Examination of Microzone Gradients and Patchiness.- 6. Dynamics of Natural Planktonic and Benthic Aquatic Microzone Habitats.- 7. Microbial Metabolism and Growth Characteristics in Surface Microzones.- 8. Ecological and Trophic Implications of Microzone Development and Proliferation.- 9. Future Outlooks and Research Needs.- References.- 14 Responses of Plant Cells to Adsorbed Bacteria.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria That Infect Root Hairs.- 2.1. Rhizobia.- 2.2. Frankia spp.- 3. Tumor-Forming Agrobacterium spp.- 3.1. Events Leading to Tumorigenesis.- 3.2. Nontumorigenic Responses to Agrobacterium spp.- 4. Resistance to Bacterial Invaders.- 4.1. Events Associated with the Hypersensitive Reaction.- 4.2. Immobilization and Associated Morphological Responses.- 4.3. Biochemical Host Responses.- 5. Nonparasitic Rhizoplane and Phylloplane Bacteria.- 5.1. Responses to Associative Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria.- 5.2. General Responses to Nonparasitic Bacteria.- 6. Research Priorities for the Future.- References.- 15 Effects on Host Animals of Bacteria Adhering to Epithelial Surfaces.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Association and Adhesion.- 1.2. Effects on Hosts of Bacteria Associating with Epithelia.- 1.3. Limitations and Goals.- 2. Effects on Hosts Leading to Disease.- 2.1. Introduction: Bacterial Pathogens That Associate with Epithelial Surfaces.- 2.2. Mechanisms by Which Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Epithelial Surfaces Induce Disease.- 2.3. Effects of Bacterial Pathogens on Host Resistance Functions.- 2.4. Diseases of Unknown Etiology That May Involve Bacteria Associated with Epithelial Surfaces.- 2.5. Summary: How Bacteria That Associate with Epithelial Surfaces Induce Disease.- 3. Effects on Hosts Not Normally Leading to Disease.- 3.1. Introduction: Indigenous Bacteria That Associate with Epithelial Surfaces.- 3.2. Effects on Host of Adherent Indigenous Bacteria.- 3.3. Summary: How Indigenous Bacteria Associated with Epithelial Surfaces Influence Their Animal Hosts.- 4. Research in the Future.- 4.1. Present State of Research.- 4.2. Focus for the Future.- 5. Summary.- References.