PREFACE
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Emerging pest scenario
1.2. Impact of climate change 1.3. Need for novel approaches to crop protection
1.4. Recent advances in crop protection
1.5. References 2. AVERMECTINS 2.1. Distinguishing characteristics of Streptomyces avermitilis
2.2. Chemical structure of avermectins
2.3. Abamectin 2.4. Mode of action
2.5. Commercial products
2.6. Pest management using avermectins
2.7. Conclusions
2.8. References 3. BACTERIOPHAGES
3.1. What is a bacteriophage?
3.2. Control of bacterial plant diseases
3.3. Biological control
3.4. Early use of phages in agriculture
3.5. Advantages and disadvantages of phage therapy
3.6. Return of phage-based disease management
3.7. Recent approaches for using phages on bacterial diseases 3.8. Disease management using phages
3.9. Phages in integrated disease management strategy
3.10. Other uses of phages in plant pathology
3.11. Commercialization
3.12. Future outlook 3.13. References 4. BIOFUMIGATION 4.1. What is biofumigation?
4.2. Advantages of biofumigation
4.3. Modes of utilization
4.4. Biofumigation crops
4.5. Mode of action
4.6. Disease management
4.7. Nematode management
4.8. Weed management
4.9. Insect management
4.10. Maximizing biofumigation potential 4.11. Future outlook
4.12. References 5. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 5.1. Role of transgenic crops in agriculture
5.2. Genes in defense against diseases
5.3. Genes in defense against insect pests 5.4. Genes in defense against nematode pests
5.5. Long-term impact of genetically modified plants 5.6. Future trends
5.7. Conclusions
5.8. References 6. BIO-PRIMING OF SEEDS
6.1. What is bio-priming or biological seed treatment?
6.2. Procedure of seed bio-priming
6.3. Disease management using bio-priming
6.4. References 7. DISGUISING THE LEAF SURFACE 7.1. Controlling diseases using film-forming polymers 7.2. Particle films as agents for control of plant diseases
7.3. Disrupting spore adhesion to leaf surface
7.4. Conclusions
7.5. References 8. NON-PATHOGENIC STRAINS
8.1. Involvement of non-pathogenic Fusarium in soil suppressiveness
8.2. Selection of non-pathogenic Fusarium
8.3. Modes of action of non-pathogenic Fusarium
8.4. Histological and cytological studies 8.5. Integration of non-pathogenic Fusarium with other methods 8.6. Production, formulation and delivery 8.7. Future research
8.8. Conclusions
8.9. References
9. PLANT DEFENSE ACTIVATORS
9.1. Biological plant defense activators
9.2. Chemical plant defense activators
9.3. Synergistic manipulation of plant and insect defenses
9.4. Integration of biological and chemical plant activators
9.5. References 10. PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA (PGPR) 10.1. Characteristics of an ideal PGPR
10.2. Ways that PGPR promote plant growth 10.3. Strains of PGPR
10.4. Disease management using PGPR
10.5. Nematode management using PGPR
10.6. Mode of action
10.7. Biocontrol mechanisms of PGPR
10.8. Challenges in PGPR research
10.9. Development of formulations
10.10. Modes of delivery
10.11. Future prospects
10.12. References 11. SOIL SOLARIZATION 11.1. Advantages and disadvantages of soil solarization
11.2. Method of soil solarization 11.3. Effects of solarization
11.4. Solarization under different situations
11.5. Factors limiting effectiveness of solarization
11.6. Disease management
11.7. Nematode management
11.8. Weed management
11.9. Insect management
11.10. Integration of solarization with other management methods
11.11. Mode of action
11.12. Strategies to enhance efficacy of soil solarization
11.13. Conclusions 11.14. References
12. STROBILURIN FUNGICIDES 12.1. Spectrum of activity
12.2. Diseases controlled
12.3. Mobility 12.4. Effects on plant health independent of disease control
12.5. Mode of action 12.6. Resistance
12.7. Guidelines for reducing resistance risk
12.8. Commercialization
12.9. Conclusions
12.10. References
13. VARIETY MIXTURES/CULTIVAR MIXTURES/MULTILINES 13.1. Crop monoculture and diversity
13.2. What is a cultivar mixture? 13.3. Variety and species mixtures in practice
13.4. Crops and diseases suited to cultivar mixtures 13.5. Use of cultivar mixtures to manage multiple diseases 13.6. How many cultivars make a good mixture? 13.7. Effect of cultivar mixtures on epidemic development 13.8. Mechanisms of variety mixtures for reducing epidemics
13.9. Effect of cultivar mixtures on evolution of pathogen races or pathotypes 13.10. Mechanisms by which cultivar mixtures suppress disease 13.11. Reported successes with cultivar mixtures 13.12. Agronomic considerations
13.13. Conclusions
13.14. References 14. BIOINTENSIVE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
14.1. Integrated pest management (IPM)
14.2. Biointensive integrated pest management (BIPM)
14.3. Case studies
14.4. Transfer of technology
14.5. Conclusions
14.6. References 15. PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS (PRs) 15.1. Induction
15.2. Occurrence
15.3. Functions
15.4. Relevance of PRs to disease resistance
15.5. Applications: Brief overview
15.6. Conclusions
15.7. References 16. OTHER RECENT ADVANCES 16.1. RNA interference (RNAi) 16.2. Fusion protein-based biopesticides
16.3. Seed mat technology
16.4. Environmental methods
16.5. References SUBJECT INDEX