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Ergometry in Hypertensive Patients Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

17.11.2011

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

228

Maße (L/B/H)

24,4/17/1,4 cm

Gewicht

441 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1986

Übersetzt von

Terry Telger

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-70374-4

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

17.11.2011

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

228

Maße (L/B/H)

24,4/17/1,4 cm

Gewicht

441 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1986

Übersetzt von

Terry Telger

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-70374-4

Herstelleradresse

Springer-Verlag KG
Sachsenplatz 4-6
1201 Wien
AT

Email: ProductSafety@springernature.com

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  • Produktbild: Ergometry in Hypertensive Patients
  • Produktbild: Ergometry in Hypertensive Patients
  • I. Methodology.- 1. Principles of Ergometry.- 1.1. Methodologic Principles.- 1.1.1. Physical Principles.- 1.1.2. Exercise Stages and Workload Increments.- 1.1.3. Standards for Ergometric Testing.- 1.2. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Ergometry.- 1.2.1. Hemodynamic Changes.- 1.2.2. Arterial Wall Changes.- 2. Blood Pressure Measurement during Ergometry.- 2.1. Study Population.- 2.2. Test Methodology.- 2.2.1. The Ergometer.- 2.2.2. Exercise Stages and Workload Increments.- 2.3. Heart Rate Measurement.- 2.4. Blood Pressure Measurement.- 2.5. Comparison of Direct and Indirect Blood Pressure Measurements.- 2.6. Environmental Specifications and Test Preparations.- II. Ergometry as an Aid to Diagnosis.- 1. Statement of Problem.- 2. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses of Normal Individuals.- 2.1. Blood Pressure Responses of Men 20–50 Years of Age.- 2.1.1. Study Population.- 2.1.2. Resting Blood Pressure.- 2.1.3. Blood Pressure during Ergometry.- 2.1.4. Blood Pressure during Recovery.- 2.1.5. Heart Rate before, during and after Ergometry.- 2.2. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses of Men 55–80 Years of Age.- 2.2.1. Study Population.- 2.2.2. Resting Blood Pressure.- 2.2.3. Blood Pressure during Ergometry.- 2.2.4. Blood Pressure during Recovery.- 2.2.5. Heart Rate before, during and after Ergometry.- 2.3. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses of Women 20–50 Years of Age.- 2.3.1. Study Population.- 2.3.2. Resting Blood Pressure.- 2.3.3. Blood Pressure during Ergometry.- 2.3.4. Blood Pressure during Recovery.- 2.3.5. Heart Rate before, during and after Ergometry.- 2.4. Comparative Assessment of the Blood Pressure Responses of Normotensive Men and Women.- 2.5. Practical Utilization of Normal Values.- 2.6. Correlative Assessment of Diastolic Blood Pressures before, during and after Ergometry.- 3. Blood Pressure and Heart Responses of Hypertensive Patients.- 3.1. Reproducibility of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses during and after Ergometry.- 3.1.1. Hypertensives.- 3.1.2. Borderline Hypertensives.- 3.2. Comparison of Hypertensive Males Varying in Age and Severity of Blood Pressure Elevation.- 3.2.1. Patients.- 3.2.2. Age Comparison of Hypertensives with Blood Pressures below 170/105 mm Hg.- 3.2.3. Age Comparison in Hypertensives with Blood Pressures above 170/105 mm Hg.- 3.2.4. Hypertensives of Equal Age but with Different Severities of Blood Pressure Elevation.- 3.3. Comparison of Hypertensive Females of Varying Ages.- 3.3.1. Patients.- 3.3.2. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses.- 3.4. Summary and Conclusions.- 3.4.1. Mean Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Responses.- 3.4.2. Reproducibility of the Blood Pressure.- 3.4.3. Analysis of Blood Pressure Responses by Hemodynamic Reaction Type.- 3.4.4. Analysis of the Upper Normotensive Limit.- 3.4.5. Individual Blood Pressure Response.- 4. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses of Borderline Hypertensives.- 4.1. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses of Men 20–50 Years of Age.- 4.1.1. Patients.- 4.1.2. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses.- 4.2. Comparative Study of Borderline Hypertensives, Definite Hypertensives and Normotensives of Equal Age Distribution.- 4.2.1. Study Population.- 4.2.2. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses.- 4.3. Follow-Up of the Borderline Hypertensives at 3.8 Years.- 4.3.1. Patients.- 4.3.2. Follow-Up of the “Exercise-Positive” Borderline Hypertensives.- 4.3.3. “Exercise-Negative” Borderline Hypertensives.- 4.4. Resting Blood Pressures of Borderline Hypertensives Compared with Hypertensives and Normotensives.- 4.4.1. Orthostatics.- 4.4.2. Emotional Influences.- 4.5. Summary and Conclusions.- 4.5.1. Prevalence and Course of Borderline Hypertension.- 4.5.2. The Early Diagnosis of Hypertension in Borderline Patients.- 4.5.3. Prognostic Evaluation of Borderline Hypertension.- 4.5.4. Therapeutic Implications.- 5. Blood Pressure Increments from Rest to Exercise in Normotensives, Borderline Hypertensives and Hypertensives.- 5.1. Results and Comparison with Invasive Measurements.- 5.2. Summary and Conclusions.- 6. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses of Elderly Hypertensives.- 6.1. Comparative Study of Elderly Hypertensives and Normotensives of Equal Age Distribution.- 6.1.1. Study Population.- 6.1.2. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses.- 6.2. Summary and Conclusions.- 6.2.1. Prevalence.- 6.2.2. Prognosis.- 6.2.3. Diagnostic Assessment.- 6.2.4. Therapeutic Implications.- 7. Ergometry for Assessing the Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Cardiocorporeal Performance Capacity of Hypertensive Patients.- 7.1. Comparative Determination of the Rate-Pressure Product of Hypertensives and Normotensives.- 7.1.1. Study Population.- 7.1.2. Rate-Pressure Product of Younger Hypertensives, Borderline Hypertensives and Normotensives.- 7.1.3. Rate-Pressure Product of Elderly Hypertensives and Normotensives.- 7.2. Comparative Determination of the Physical Work Capacity 170 of Hypertensives and Normotensives.- 7.2.1. Study Population.- 7.2.2. PWC 170 of Hypertensives, Normotensives and Borderline Hypertensives.- 7.3. Assessment of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Cardiocorporeal Performance Capacity.- 7.3.1. Prognostic Significance of the Myocardial Oxygen Consumption.- 7.3.2. Economization through Endurance Training.- 7.3.3. Prescribing Physical Training in Hypertensive Patients.- III. Ergometry as an Aid to Patient Management.- 1. Importance of Exercise Blood Pressures as a Vascular Risk Factor.- 1.1. Development of Atherosclerosis in Arterial Hypertension.- 1.2. Severity of Stress-Induced Blood Pressure Elevations and Their Evaluation.- 1.3. Prognosis of Acute and Chronic Complications.- 1.4. The Pressor Response to Stress as a Causal Factor in Chronic Hypertensive Complications.- 2. The Control of Excessive Blood Pressures under Stress.- 2.1. Statement of Problem.- 2.2. Requirements of Antihypertensive Therapy.- 3. Antihypertensive Effect of Beta-Blocking Drugs.- 3.1. Comparison of Atenolol/Nadolol and Metoprolol.- 3.1.1. Patients and Methods.- 3.1.2. Effect 2, 8 and 24 Hours after Last Oral Dosing.- 3.2. Comparison of Pindolol, Metoprolol and Acebutolol.- 3.2.1. Patients and Methods.- 3.2.2. Effect during Sustained Submaximal and Maximal Exertion.- 3.2.3. Effect of Long-Term Treatment for 12–16 Months.- 4. Antihypertensive Effect of Diuretics Compared with Beta-Blocking Drugs and Their Combinations.- 4.1. Comparison of Hydrochlorothiazide/Amiloride Hydrochloride and Acebutolol.- 4.1.1. Patients and Methods.- 4.1.2. Comparison of Monotherapies.- 4.1.3. Efficacy of the Combination.- 4.2. Comparison of Mefruside and Acebutolol.- 4.2.1. Patients and Methods.- 4.2.2. Comparison of Monotherapies.- 4.2.3. Effect on Myocardial Oxygen Consumption.- 4.3. Fixed Combination of Timolol and Hydrochlorothiazide/Amiloride Hydrochloride.- 4.3.1. Patients and Methods.- 4.3.2. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses.- 4.4. Fixed Combination of Acebutolol and Mefruside in Mild Hypertensives with Coronary Disease.- 4.4.1. Patients and Methods.- 4.4.2. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses.- 4.4.3. Effect on Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and ST-Segment Depression.- 5. Antihypertensive Effect of Vasodilators Compared with Betablockers and Their Combinations.- 5.1.1. Patients and Methods.- 5.1.2. Comparison of Monotherapies.- 5.1.3. Efficacy of the Free Combination.- 5.1.4. Effect on Myocardial Oxygen Consumption.- 5.2. Comparison of Nifedipine, Nitrendipine and Acebutolol.- 5.2.1. Patients and Methods.- 5.2.2. Comparison of Monotherapies.- 5.2.3. Efficacy of the Free Combination.- 5.2.4. Efficacy during Bicycle Ergometry and during Isometric Exercise.- 6. Summary and Conclusions Regarding Beta Blockers, Diuretics and Vasodilators.- 6.1. Efficacy and Side-Effects of Beta-Blocking Drugs.- 6.2. Cardioprotective Effect of Beta-Blocking Drugs.- 6.3. Importance of Combined Beta Blocker-Diuretic Therapy.- 6.4. Evaluation of Monotherapy and Combined Therapy.- 6.5. Conclusions.- 7. Beta-Blocking Drugs and Diuretics for the Treatment of Hypertension in the Elderly.- 7.1. Fixed Combination of Metipranolol and Butizide.- 7.1.1. Patients and Methods.- 7.1.2. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses.- 7.2. Fixed Combination of Timolol and Hydrochlorothiazide/Amiloride Hydrochloride.- 7.2.1. Patients.- 7.2.2. Blood Pressure Responses.- 7.2.3. ECG Findings.- 7.2.4. Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Ergometric Stress Tolerance.- 7.2.5. Side-Effects.- 7.3. Summary and Conclusions.- 8. Antihypertensive Effect of Weight Reduction and Endurance Training.- 8.1. Patients and Methods.- 8.2. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses.- 8.3. Effect on Myocardial Oxygen Consumption.- 8.4. Summary and Conclusions.- 8.4.1. Importance of Weight Reduction and Endurance Training.- 8.4.2. Comparison of Weight Reduction and Drug Therapy.- IV. References.- V. Subject Index.