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  • Produktbild: The Community Ecology of Sea Otters
  • Produktbild: The Community Ecology of Sea Otters
Band 65

The Community Ecology of Sea Otters

Aus der Reihe Ecological Studies

97,99 €

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

06.12.2011

Herausgeber

Glenn R. VanBlaricom + weitere

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

247

Maße (L/B/H)

24,2/17/1,5 cm

Gewicht

465 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1988

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-72847-1

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

06.12.2011

Herausgeber

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

247

Maße (L/B/H)

24,2/17/1,5 cm

Gewicht

465 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1988

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-72847-1

Herstelleradresse

Springer-Verlag KG
Sachsenplatz 4-6
1201 Wien
AT

Email: GPSR Kontakt

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  • Produktbild: The Community Ecology of Sea Otters
  • Produktbild: The Community Ecology of Sea Otters
  • 1 Introduction.- 2 A Review of the History, Distribution and Foraging Ecology of Sea Otters.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Evolution.- 2.3 History, Distribution and Present Status of Populations.- 2.4 Diet and Foraging Behavior.- 2.4.1 Habitat.- 2.4.2 Diet.- 2.4.3 Foraging Behavior.- 2.4.4 Activity.- 2.4.5 Class and Individual Variation.- 2.5 Summary.- 3 Sea Otter Foraging Habits and Effects on Prey Populations and Communities in Soft-Bottom Environments.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Soft-Bottom Foraging Habits.- 3.2.1 Epifaunal Prey Communities.- 3.2.1.1 Prey Populations.- 3.2.1.2 Prey Communities.- 3.2.2 Shallow-Burrowing InfaunalPrey.- 3.2.2.1 Prey Populations.- 3.2.2.2 Prey Communities.- 3.2.3 Deep-Burrowing Infaunal Prey.- 3.2.3.1 Prey Populations.- 3.2.3.2 Prey Communities.- 3.3 Prey Vulnerability and Patch Dynamics.- 3.3.1 Prey Resistance.- 3.3.2 Prey Resilience.- 3.4 Substrate Disturbance.- 3.5 Rocky and Soft Substrata.- 3.6 Future Research.- 3.7 Summary.- 4 Effects of Foraging by Sea Otters on Mussel-Dominated Intertidal Communities.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Models of Mussel-Dominated Communities.- 4.3 Sea Otters as Predators of Mussels.- 4.4 Case 1: Sea Otters and Mussels on the Coast of Central California.- 4.4.1 Study Location.- 4.4.2 Methods.- 4.4.3 Consumption of Mytilus californianus by Sea Otters: The Basic Pattern.- 4.4.4 Creation of Gaps in Mussel Cover by Sea Otters: Spatial and Temporal Aggregation.- 4.4.5 Size Distribution of Gaps Created by Sea Otters.- 4.4.6 Mussel Size and Vulnerability to Foraging Sea Otters.- 4.5 Case 2: Sea Otters and Mussels in Prince William Sound, Alaska.- 4.5.1 Study Location.- 4.5.2 Methods.- 4.5.3 Consumption of Mytilus edulis by Sea Otters: The Basic Pattern.- 4.5.4 Size Distribution of Intertidal Mussels and the Population Status of Sea Otters.- 4.5.5 Mussel Size and Vulnerability to Foraging Sea Otters.- 4.6 Discussion.- 4.7 Summary.- 5 Kelp Communities and Sea Otters: Keystone Species or Just Another Brick in the Wall?.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Kelp Community Structure.- 5.3 The Otter as a Keystone Species in California: Local or General?.- 5.3.1 Approach and Methods.- 5.3.2 Results.- 5.3.3 Possible Bias.- 5.4 Otter Effects: Geographic and Historical.- 5.5 Beyond Otters.- 5.6 A Model for Structure and Organization.- 5.7 Conclusions.- 5.8 Summary.- 6 Sea Otters, Sea Urchins, and Kelp Beds: Some Questions of Scale.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The Questions.- 6.3 The Evidence.- 6.4 Variation in Space and Time.- 6.4.1 Methods.- 6.4.2 Variation in Space.- 6.4.2.1 Quadrats.- 6.4.2.2 Swath Counts.- 6.4.2.3 Regional Variation.- 6.4.3 Variation in Time.- 6.4.3.1 Temporal Variation in Kelp Canopies.- 6.4.3.2 Variation Between Algal Assemblages and Sea Urchin Barrens.- 6.4.3.3 Long-Term Changes.- 6.5 Directions for Future Research.- 6.6 Summary.- 7 Effects of Sea Otter Foraging on Subtidal Reef Communities off Central California.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Study Sites.- 7.3 Methods.- 7.3.1 Sampling Schedule.- 7.3.2 Macroinvertebrate Sampling.- 7.3.3 Algae and Sessile Invertebrates.- 7.3.3.1 Central Californian Sites.- 7.3.3.2 Urchin Exclusion Experiment.- 7.3.4 Fish Sampling.- 7.3.5 Data Analysis.- 7.4 Results and Discussion.- 7.4.1 Macroinvertebrates.- 7.4.2 Algae and Sessile Invertebrates.- 7.4.2.1 Central Californian Sites.- 7.4.2.2 Urchin Exclusion Experiment.- 7.4.3 Fish.- 7.5 General Discussion and Conclusions.- 7.5.1 Future Research.- 7.6 Summary.- 8 Fish Populations in Kelp Forests Without Sea Otters: Effects of Severe Storm Damage and Destructive Sea Urchin Grazing.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 The System.- 8.3 Methods.- 8.4 Results and Discussion.- 8.4.1 Physical Variables.- 8.4.2 Total Fish Density.- 8.4.3 Species Densities.- 8.4.3.1 Surfperch Adults.- 8.4.3.2 Surfperch Young, Subadults, and Summer Transients.- 8.4.3.3 Midwater Planktivores.- 8.4.3.4 Switch-Feeding Predators and Plant-Cropping Omnivores.- 8.4.4 Biogeographic Species Groups.- 8.4.5 Fish Assemblage Structure.- 8.5 General Discussion and Conclusions.- 8.5.1 Predicted Behavior of Our System in the Presence of Sea Otters.- 8.5.2 Future Research.- 8.6 Summary.- 9 The Effects of Kelp Forests on Nearshore Environments: Biomass, Detritus, and Altered Flow.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Habitat Model.- 9.3 Trophic Model.- 9.4 Hydrodynamic Model.- 9.5 Discussion.- 9.6 Summary.- 10 Sea Otters and Nearshore Benthic Communities: A Theoretical Perspective.- 10.1 Introduction: Regulatory Issues.- 10.2 Ecological and Regulatory Parallels.- 10.3 Measures of Ecosystem Health.- 10.4 Risk Assessment: Predicting Fate, Transport, and Effects of Otters.- 10.5 Summary.- 11 Concluding Remarks.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Patterns, Processes and Paradigms in Communities Occupied by Sea Otters — A View Among Systems, and Through Space and Time.- 11.3 Variation in Community Structure.- 11.4 Future Research Needs.- 11.5 The Approach to Variation — A Philosophical Perspective.- References.