Table of Contents
A Note to the Student_iii
Introduction: How to Read an Atlas_xi
Unit I_Global Physical Patterns_1
Map 1_World Political Divisions_2
Map 2_World Physical Features_4
Map 3a_Average Annual Precipitation_6
Map 3b_Seasonal Average Precipitation, November through April_7
Map 3c_Seasonal Average Precipitation, May through October_7
Map 3d_Variation in Average Annual Precipitation_8
Map 4a_Temperature Regions and Ocean Currents_9
Map 4b_Average January Temperature_10
Map 4c_Average July Temperature_10
Map 5a_Atmospheric Pressure and Predominant Surface Winds, January_11
Map 5b_Atmospheric Pressure and Predominant Surface Winds, July_12
Map 6_Climate Regions_13
Map 7_Vegetation Types_14
Map 8_Soil Orders_15
Map 9_Ecological Regions_16
Map 10_Plate Tectonics_18
Map 11_Topography_19
Map 12a_Resources: Mineral Fuels_20
Map 12b_Resources: Critical Metals_21
Map 13_Natural Hazards_22
Unit II_Global Human Patterns_23
Map 14_Past Population Distributions and Densities_24
Map 15_Population Density_26
Map 16_Land Use, A.D. 1500_27
Map 17_Economic Activities_28
Map 18_Urbanization_29
Map 19_Transportation Patterns_30
Map 20_Religions_31
Map 21_Religious Adherence_32
Map 22_Languages_33
Map 23_Linguistic Diversity_34
Map 24_Dying Languages: A Loss of Cultural Wealth_35
Map 25_External Migrations in Modern Times_36
Unit III_Global Demographic Patterns_37
Map 26_Population Growth Rates_38
Map 27_Europe's Population Bust: A Fizzle in the Population Bomb_39
Map 28a_Total Fertility Rates_40
Map 28b_Total Fertility Rates_41
Map 29_Infant Mortality Rate_42
Map 30_Child Mortality Rate_43
Map 31_Child Malnutrition_44
Map 32_Primary School Enrollment_45
Map 33_Average Life Expectancy at Birth_46
Map 34_Population by Age Group_47
Map 35_International Migrant Populations 2005_48
Map 36_World Daily Per Capita Food Supply (Kilocalories)_49
Map 37_The Earth's Hungry Millions_50
Map 38_Proportion of Daily Food Intake from Animal Products_51
Map 39_Illiteracy Rates_52
Map 40_Female/Male Inequality in Education and Employment_53
Map 41_The Global Security Threat of Infectious Diseases _54
Map 42_Global Scourges: Major Infectious Diseases _56
Map 43_Adult HIV Prevalence 2005_57
Map 44_The Index of Human Development_58
Map 45_Demographic Stress: The Youth Bulge_59
Map 46_Demographic Stress: Rapid Urban Growth_60
Map 47_Demographic Stress: Competition for Cropland_61
Map 48_Demographic Stress: Competition for Fresh Water_62
Map 49_Demographic Stress: Death in the Prime of Life_63
Map 50_Demographic Stress: Interactions of Demographic Stress Factors_64
Unit IV_Global Economic Patterns_65
Map 51_Rich and Poor Countries: Gross National Income_66
Map 52_Gross National Income Per Capita_67
Map 53_Economic Growth: GDP Change Per Capita_68
Map 54_Total Labor Force_69
Map 55_Employment by Economic Activity_70
Map 56_Economic Output Per Sector_71
Map 57_Agricultural Production Per Capita_72
Map 58_Exports of Primary Products_73
Map 59_Dependence on Trade_74
Map 60_The Indebtedness of States_75
Map 61_Global Flows of Investment Capital_76
Map 62_Central Government Expenditures Per Capita_77
Map 63_Purchasing Power Parity Per Capita_78
Map 64_Private Per Capita Consumption 2008_79
Map 65_Energy Production Per Capita_80
Map 66_Energy Consumption Per Capita_81
Map 67_Energy Dependency_82
Map 68_Flows of Oil_83
Map 69_The Cost of Consumption 2008_84
Map 70_A Wired World: Internet Users_85
Map 71_The Rise of the Personal Computer_86
Map 72_Traditional Links: The Telephone_87
Unit V_Global Patterns of Environmental Disturbance_89
Map 73_Global Air Pollution: Sources and Wind Currents_91
Map 74_The Acid Deposition Problem: Air, Water, Soil_92
Map 75_Major Polluters and Common Pollutants_93
Map 76_Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions_94
Map 77_The Earth Warms: 1976-2006_95
Map 78_Global Precipitation Changes: 1976-2006_96
Map 79_Potential Global Temperature Change_97
Map 80_Water Resources: Availability of Renewable Water Per Capita_98
Map 81_Water Resources: Annual Withdrawal Per Capita_99
Map 82_Water Stress: Shortage, Abundance, and Population Density_100
Map 83_A New Environmental Stress? Consumption of Bottled Water_101
Map 84_Pollution of the Oceans_102
Map 85_Food Supply from Marine and Freshwater Systems_103
Map 86_Cropland Per Capita: Changes 1996-2007_104
Map 87_Food Staples Under Stress: The Fight Against Genetic Simplicity_105
Map 88_The Rise in Organic Farming_106
Map 89_World Pastureland 2005_107
Map 90_Fertilizer Use 2007_108
Map 91_Annual Deforestation Rates 2000-2005_109
Map 92_World Timber Production 2005_110
Map 93_The Loss of Biodiversity: Globally Threatened Animal Species 2007_111
Map 94_Disappearing Giants: The Reduction in "Conservative" Species_112
Map 95_The Loss of Biodiversity: Globally Threatened Plant Species 2007_114
Map 96_The Areas of Greatest Loss and Hotspots of Biodiversity_115
Map 97_Nationally Protected Areas: Parks and Preserves_116
Map 98_The Risks of Desertification_117
Map 99_Global Soil Degradation_118
Map 100_The Degree of Human Disturbance_119
Map 101_The Green and Not So Green World_120
Unit VI_Global Political Patterns_121
Map 102_Political Systems_122
Map 103_Sovereign States: Duration of Independence_123
Map 104_The Emergence of the State_124
Map 105_Organized States and Chiefdoms, A.D. 1500_126
Map 106_European Colonialism 1500-2000_128
Map 107_Post-Cold War International Alliances_129
Map 108_International Conflicts in the Post-World War II World_130
Map 109_Political Realms: Regional Changes, 1945-2003_132
Map 110_The Geopolitical World at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century_133
Map 111_Democracy on the Rise_134
Map 112_Flashpoints, 2008_135
Map 113_Nations with Nuclear Weapons_150
Map 114_Military Power_151
Map 115_International Terrorist Incidents, 2000-2006_152
Map 116_Distribution of Minority Populations_154
Map 117_Marginalized Minorities: Declining Indigenous Populations_155
Map 118_The Political Geography of a Global Religion: The Islamic World_156
Map 119_World Refugee Population_157
Map 120_Women's Rights_158
Map 121_Political and Civil Liberties, 2008_159
Map 122_Abuse of Public Trust_160
Map 123_The Perception of Corruption_161
Map 124_A Decade of Risk of Civil Conflict, 2005-2015_162
Unit VII_World Regions_163
Map 125_North America: Political Divisions_165
Map 126_North America: Physical Features_166
Map 127_North America: Thematic
Map 127a_Environment and Economy: The Use of Land_167
Map 127b_Population Density_168
Map 127c_Population Distribution: Clustering_168
Map 127d_Deforestation in North and Middle America_169
Map 128_Canada_170
Map 129_United States_171
Map 130_Middle America_172
Map 131_The Caribbean_173
Map 132_South America: Political Divisions_174
Map 133_South America: Physical Features_175
Map 134_South America: Thematic
Map 134a_Environment and Economy_176
Map 134b_Population Density_177
Map 134c_Environmental Problems_177
Map 134d_Protection of Natural Areas_178
Map 135_Northern South America_179
Map 136_Southern South America_180
Map 137_Europe: Political Divisions_181
Map 138_Europe: Physical Features_182
Map 139_Europe: Thematic
Map 139a_Environment and Economy: The Use of Land_183
Map 139b_Population Density_184
Map 139c_European Political Boundaries, 1914-1948_185
Map 139d_Political Changes, 1989-2008_187
Map 140_Western Europe_188
Map 141_Eastern Europe_189
Map 142_Northern Europe_190
Map 143_Africa: Political Divisions_191
Map 144_Africa: Physical Features_192
Map 145_Africa: Thematic
Map 145a_Environment and Economy_193
Map 145b_Population Density_193
Map 145c_Colonial Patterns_194
Map 145d_African Cropland and Dryland Degradation_195
Map 146_Northern Africa_196
Map 147_Southern Africa_197
Map 148_Asia: Political Divisions_198
Map 149_Asia: Physical Features_199
Map 150_Asia: Thematic
Map 150a_Environment and Economy_200
Map 150b_Population Density_201
Map 150c_Industrialization: Manufacturing and Resources_201
Map 150d_South, Southeast, and East Asian Deforestation_202
Map 151_Northern Asia_203
Map 152_Southwestern Asia_204
Map 152a_The Middle East: Territorial Changes, 1918-2004_205
Map 152b_South-Central Eurasia: An Ethnolinguistic Crazy Quilt_206
Map 153_East Asia_207
Map 154_Southeast Asia_208
Map 155_Australasia and Oceania: Political Divisions_209
Map 156_Australasia and Oceania: Physical Features_210
Map 157_Australasia: Thematic
Map 157a_Environment and Economy_211
Map 157b_Population Density_212
Map 157c_Climatic Patterns_212
Map 158_The Pacific Rim_213
Map 159_The Atlantic Ocean_214
Map 160_The Indian Ocean_215
Map 161_The Arctic_216
Map 162_Antarctica_216
Unit VIII_Tables_217
Table A_World Countries: Area, Population, and Population Density, 2008_218
Table B_World Countries: Form of Government, Capital City, Ma jor Languages_223
Table C_World Countries: Basic Economic Indicators_228
Table D_World Countries: Population Growth, 1950-2025_233
Table E_World Countries: Basic Demographic Data, 1990-2006_237
Table F_World Countries: Mortality, Health, and Nutrition, 1990-2006_243
Table G_World Countries: Education and Literacy, 2003-2007_250
Table H_World Countries: Agricultural Operations, 2003-2006_260
Table I_World Countries: Deforestation and Biodiversity, 1990-2007_266
Table J_World Countries: Energy Production and Use, 1990-2005_271
Table K_World Countries: Energy Efficiency and Emission, 1990-2005_275
Table L_World Countries: Power and Transportation, 1990-2006_281
Table M_World Countries: Communication, Information, and Science and Technology, 2004-2006_286
Table N_World Countries: Freshwater Resources_296
Unit IX_Geographic Index_301
Sources_317
