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Collective Excitations in Solids

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

01.06.1983

Herausgeber

Baldassare di Bartolo + weitere

Verlag

Springer Us

Seitenzahl

716

Gewicht

1478 g

Auflage

1983 edition

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-306-41186-1

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

01.06.1983

Herausgeber

Verlag

Springer Us

Seitenzahl

716

Gewicht

1478 g

Auflage

1983 edition

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-306-41186-1

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: GPSR Kontakt

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  • Produktbild: Collective Excitations in Solids
  • Produktbild: Collective Excitations in Solids
  • Quantum Mechanical Description of Solids.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Adiabatic Approximation.- III. HartreeFock Approximation.- IV. Electronic Bands in Crystals.- V. Lattice Dynamics as Collective Excitations: Phonons.- VI. Collective Excitations of Electrons: Plasmons.- VII. Extrinsic States.- VIII. Some Effects of Applied Stress.- IX. Conclusions.- References.- to Collective Excitations in Solids.- Abstract.- I. Interactions in a TwoLevel System.- I.A. QuantumMechanical Resonance.- I.B. Static Effects of Perturbation.- II. Collective Excitations.- II.A. Setting of the Problem.- II.B. Eigenfunctions.- II.C. Dispersion Relations.- II.D. Effective Mass.- II.E. Generalization to Three Dimension.- II.F. Periodic Boundary Conditions and Density of States.- III. Interaction of Radiation with Collective Excitations.- III.A. The Radiation Field.- 1. The Classical Radiation Field.- 2. The Quantum Radiation Field.- III.B. The Form of the Interaction.- III.C. Absorption and Emission Processes.- III.D. Interaction of Photons with Collective Excitations.- IV. Propagation of Radiation in a Dispersive Medium.- IV.A. Introduction.- IV.B. Dielectric Constant.- IV.C. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in a Dispersive Medium.- V. Examples of Collective Excitations.- V.A. Phonons.- 1. Summary of Properties.- 2. Infrared Absorption by Ionic Solids.- V.B. Excitons.- 1. General Theory.- 2. The Frenkel Exciton.- 3. The Wannier Exciton.- 4. The Intermediate Case.- 5. The PhotonExciton System.- 6. The PhotonExcitonPhonon System.- 7. Indirect Transitions.- V.C. Magnons.- 1. Setting of the Problem.- 2. Hamiltonian and Eigenstates.- 3. Semiclassical Treatment.- 4. Thermodynamics of Magnons.- V.C. Plasmons.- 1. Dielectric Response of an Ensemble of Oscillators.- 2. Dielectric Response of a Free Electron Gas.- 3. Transversal Optical Modes in a Plasma.- 4. Longitudinal Optical Modes in a Plasma.- References.- Quasi-Particles and Excitons: Models of Structure and Correlation.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Basic Concepts of Quantum Field Theory.- II.A. Quantization of Classical Fields.- II.B. Schrödinger Field.- II.C. Occupation Number Representation.- II.D. SelfInteraction.- II.E. Sources.- II.F. Effective Vacuum.- III. Models.- III.A. Empty Band Model.- III.B. Fermi Gas Model.- III.C. Tight Binding Model (TBM).- III.D. Models with Particle Interactions.- III.E. Random Cell Model (RCM).- III.F. Driven Systems.- IV. Conclusions.- References.- Coherent Wavepackets of Phonons.- Abstract.- I. OneDimensional Elastic Line.- I.A. Monatomic Array of Rigid Atoms.- I.B. Forces.- I.C. Energy 15.- 1. Potential Energy.- 2. Kinetic Energy.- 3. Total Energy.- I.D. Continuous Vibrating Line.- II. Beyond the Model of a Chain of Masses and Springs.- III. Motion of a Pulse in the Classical Limit.- III.A. General Features.- III.B. Pulse Shape and Dispersion.- IV. Motion of a Pulse in Quantum Mechanics.- IV.A. Variables.- IV.B. Phonons and Phonon Wavepackets.- IV.C. Propagation of a Pulse: Moment and Energy.- 1. Moment.- 2. Energy.- V. Birth and Death of a Pulse.- References.- Appendix A: The Coherent States.- 1. Definition of the Coherent State |?>.- 2. Some Properties.- 3. Significant Averages.- 4. Time Evolution.- 5. Coordinate Representation.- 6. Why Coherent.- 7. Why Minimum Uncertainty.- 8. Why Semiclassical.- 9. Why Displaced.- 10. Multimode Coherent State.- Appendix B: The Poisson Distribution.- 1. Poisson Distribution.- 2. Perfect Gas in a Container.- 3. Harmonic Oscillator in a Coherent State.- References.- to Exciton Physics.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Electronic Structure.- II.A. Excitons in a Static Crystal.- 1. Atomic and Molecular Approach.- 2. Effective Mass Approach.- 3. Unified Approach.- 4. Excitons in Disordered Materials.- 5. Effects of External Fields.- 6. Excitons as Quasiparticles.- 7. Manybody Considerations.- II.B. Excitons in Real Materials.- 1. Observation.- 2. Spectral Characteristics.- 3. Surface Excitons.- 4. Trapped and Localized Excitons.- III. Interactions with Phonons.- III.A. Formalism.- 1. Phonons.- 2. Linear ExcitonPhonon Coupling.- 3. Clothing of Excitons.- 4. Effects of HigherOrder Coupling.- III.B. Applications.- 1. Coupling Strengths.- 2. Scattering.- 3. SelfTrapping.- IV. Interactions with Photons.- IV.A. Semiclassical Radiation Theory.- 1. Transition Rates.- 2. Direct Transitions.- 3. Indirect Transitions.- 4. Giant TwoPhoton Effects.- IV.B. The Polariton.- 1. Background.- 2. Polariton Picture and Optical Properties.- 3. Direct Observation of Polariton Dispersion.- 4. Surface Polaritons.- IV.C. Special Topics.- 1. Davydov Splitting.- 2. Excitons in Mixed Crystals.- 3. Line Shapes and Widths.- 4. Urbach’s Rule.- V. Kinetics and Dynamics at Low and Intermediate Densities.- V.A. Introduction.- V.B. Exciton Diffusion.- 1. Historical.- 2. Förster’s Theories.- 3. TimeResolved Studies of Singlets Assumed to Diffuse.- 4. Triplet Exciton Diffusion.- V.C. Coherence.- 1. General Remarks.- 2. Coherence as Described by a Memory Function.- 3. Observation of Coherence.- V.D. Phenomena at Intermediate Densities.- 1. General Remarks.- 2. Annihilation.- 3. Biexciton Formation.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Excitons in Semiconductors.- Abstract.- I. Basic Properties of the Free Exciton.- I.A. Concept of the Free Exciton.- I.B. Energy States of the Free Exciton.- I.C. Frenkel and WannierMott Free Excitons.- I.D. Direct and Indirect Gap Semiconductors.- I.E. Phonon Assisted Free Exciton Absorption in Direct Transition.- I.F. Higher Energy Free Exciton States.- I.G. Zeeman Splittings and Diamagnetic Shifts.- II. Introduction to Bound Excitons.- II.A. History of Bound Excitons.- II.B. Typical Near Gap Bound Exciton Luminescence.- II.C. Trends of EBXHaynes’ Rule.- II.D. Additional Aspects of jj Coupling and Other ZeroField Bound Exciton States.- II.E. MagnetoOptical Effects.- II.F. Auger Recombinations.- II.G. Giant Oscillator Strength.- III. Bound Exciton Satellite Structure.- III.A. Phonon Replicas.- III.B. Electronic Satellites.- III.C. The Use of Luminescence Excitation Spectra.- IV. High Excitation Intensity Effects.- IV.A. Stimulated Emission.- IV.B. Excitonic Molecules and BoseEinstein Condensation.- IV.C. Multiple Bound Excitons.- References.- Excitons in Insulators.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Theoretical and Experimental Background.- III. Excitons in Alkali Halides.- III.A. Absorption and Reflectivity Measurements.- III.B. Intrinsic Luminescence Measurements.- IV. Excitons in Rare Gas Solids.- V. Concluding Remarks.- References.- Inelastic Scattering of Fast Particles by Plasmons.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Bulk and Surface Plasmon Hamiltonian.- II.A. Classical Concepts.- 1. Bulk Modes.- 2. Planar Interface Modes.- 3. Thin Film Modes.- 4. Sphere and Void Modes.- II.B. Model Hamiltonians.- 1. Bulk Plasmon Hamiltonian.- 2. Surface Plasmon Hamiltonian.- 3. Multipole Hamiltonian.- III. Charge Particle Spectroscopies of Plasmons.- III.A. High Energy Approximation.- III.B. Bulk, Transmission Spectrum.- III.C. Surface, Reflection Spectrum.- III.D. Fluorescence.- References.- From Magnons to Solitons.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Magnons.- III. MagnonMagnon Forces.- IV. TwoMagnon Bound States.- V. ManyBody Scattering Theory.- VI. XY Model: A Model Antiferromagnet.- VII. Heisenberg Antiferromagnet: Ground State.- VIII. Some Consequences.- IX. Effects of Surfaces on Magnons.- X. Magnons vs. Solitons.- XI. Soliton Solutions.- References.- Quasiparticles in Magnetic Metals.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Low Density Electron Gas.- III. Criterion for Magnetic Ground State.- IV. Quasiparticles.- V. Nearly HalfFilled Band: Nagaoka’s Theory.- VI. Two or More Magnetic SubBands.- VII. Magnons in Metals.- VIII. Antiferromagnetism in Metals.- Polaritons.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Bulk Polariton Linear Response.- III. Experiments on Bulk Polaritons.- IV. Surface Polariton Linear Response.- V. Experiments on Surface Polaritons.- VI. Conclusion.- References 49.- Polarons.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. The LandauPekar StrongCoupling Theory.- III. FieldTheory Formalism, Fröhlich’s Hamiltonian and WeakCoupling Theory.- IV. Other Methods for Large (Fröhlich) Polarons.- V. Small Polarons and SelfTrapping.- References.- Long Seminars.- Surface Collective Excitations.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- I.A. The Surface as a Perturbation.- I.B. Macroscopic and Microscopic Surface Excitations.- II. Surface Elastic Waves.- II.A. Theory.- II.B. Isotropic Crystals.- II.C. Anisotropic Cubic Crystals.- III. Surface Polaritons.- III.A. Introduction.- III.B. Surface Dielectric Polaritons.- III.C. Surface Plasmon Polaritons.- III.D. Polaritons Associated with Surface Phonons and Excitons.- III.E. Surface Magnon Polaritons.- IV. Surface Lattice Dynamics.- IV.A. Introduction.- IV.B. Dynamics of a Thin Slab.- IV.C. The Green’s Function Method.- 1. The Free Surface as a Perturbation.- 2. The SemiInfinite Lattice.- 3. Example and Comparison with Experimental Data.- Acknowledgement.- References.- Collective Excitations in Concentrated Mn2+ Systems: Spectral Properties.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. The Mn2+ Ion in a Crystal.- II.A. Basic Properties.- II.B. Collective Excitations in Mn2+ Systems.- II.C. Antiferromagnetism in Mn2+ Systems.- III. Excitons in Concentrated Mn2+ Systems.- III.A. Exciton Dispersion and Energy Transport.- III.B. Validity of the Wavevector Description.- IV. Magnons in Concentrated Mn2+ Systems.- IV.A. Basic Theory.- IV.B. Improvement to the Theory.- V. Spectral Features of Mn2+ Systems.- V.A. Appearance of Magnon Sidebands.- V.B. Sideband Profiles.- VI. Phonon Sidebands.- VII. Concluding Remarks.- References.- Optical Dynamics in Concentrated Mn2+ Systems.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. General Aspects of the Optical Properties of Manganese Fluoride Systems.- II.A. Crystal Structure.- II.B. Spectroscopic Properties.- 1. OneParticle Optical Transitions.- 2. TwoParticle Transitions.- 3. Experimental Aspects.- III. Optical Collective Excitations in Concentrated Manganese Fluorides.- III.A. Thermal Studies.- III.B. Uniaxial Stress Effects.- III.C. Magnetic Field Effects.- IV. Validity of the Exciton Model in Fluorescence.- IV.A. Exciton Dispersion and Phase Memory.- IV.B. Exciton Lineshape and Impurity Effects.- 1. Inhomogeneous Broadening.- 2. Diffusion — Limited Energy Transfer.- IV.C. Fluorescence Decay Modes and Deexcitation Models.- 1. Exciton Dynamics at Very Low Temperature.- 2. BoilBack Processes and Magnon Assisted Fluorescence at High Temperature.- IV.D. Effect of External Perturbation.- 1. Effect of Magnetic Field on Exciton Derealization.- 2. Increase of Exciton Density under Uniaxial Stress and Intersublattice Relaxation.- 3. Effect of Intense Light Excitation.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Spectroscopy of Stoichiometric Laser Materials: Excitons or Incoherent Transfers?.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Experimental Results.- III. Interpretation of Results.- III.A. The Exciton Concept.- III.B. The Energy Transfer Approach.- IV. Conclusion.- References.- Exciton-Hole Droplets in Semiconductors.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. EHL Stability.- III. ManyBody Corrections to OneElectron Properties in EHL.- III.A. Fluorescence Lineshape and Radiative Lifetime.- III.B. Mass Renormalization.- IV. Optical Properties of EHL.- V. Inhomogeneous Electron Hole Liquid.- V.A. Surface Energy.- V.B. Effect of Shallow Impurities on EHL.- V.C. Effect of Isoelectronic Impurities on EHL.- References.- Excitons and Plasmons: Collective Excitations in Semiconductors.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Eigenvalue Equation.- III. Excitons and Plasmons.- IV. The ExcitonPolariton.- V. Summary.- References.- Picosecond Exciton Phenomena in Chlorophyll Complexes (Abstract only).- Bose-Einstein Statics in Exciton Systems.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. The Ideal (or Nearly Ideal) Bose Gas.- III. The Case of Excitons.- IV. Methods of Detection.- V. Experimental Results in Cu2O.- VI. Experimental Results in CuC1.- VII. Conclusion.- References.- Small Polarons in Biological Systems (Abstract only).- Short Seminars (Abstracts).- Perspectives of Free Electron Lasers in Solids.- The Dispersion Curves of Excitonic Polaritons and Their Distortion with Increasing Density.- Motion of a Magnon Soliton About a Phonon Soliton in a Onedimensional Ferromagnet.- Interconfiguration Fluctuations.- Luminescence of Mn2+ IN RbMnxMg1xF3.- Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Luminescence Spectra of the S2 Centre and the EPR of This S2 Centre for the Crystal Scapolite.- On the Calculation of Polaron Wavefunction in the Static Electronlattice Coupling.- Semiconductor Surface Inversion Layers and Their Collective Modes.- Concluding Article.- Present Trends in Collective Excitations in Solids.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. The Solid State as a ManyBody Problem.- III. Complete Description Including Probes, Sources and Stresses.- IV. General Trends.- V. Trends Specific to Particular Classes of Collective Excitations.- VI. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- Contributors.