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Urban design enables better places to be created for people and is thus seen in Urban Design in the Real Estate Development Process as a place-making activity, rather than the application of architectural aesthetics. Urban design policy can change the 'decision environment' of developers, financiers, designers and other actors in the real estate development process to make them take place-making more seriously. This book reports diverse international experience from Europe and North America on the role and significance of urban design in the real estate development process and explores how…mehr
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Urban design enables better places to be created for people and is thus seen in Urban Design in the Real Estate Development Process as a place-making activity, rather than the application of architectural aesthetics. Urban design policy can change the 'decision environment' of developers, financiers, designers and other actors in the real estate development process to make them take place-making more seriously. This book reports diverse international experience from Europe and North America on the role and significance of urban design in the real estate development process and explores how higher quality development and better places can be achieved through public policy. The book is focused on four types of policy tool or instrument that have been deployed to promote better urban design: those that seek to shape, regulate or provide stimulus to real estate markets along with those aim to build capacity to achieve these. Urban design is therefore seen as a form of public policy that seeks to steer real estate development towards policy-shaped rather than market-led outcomes. The editors set the examples, case studies and evidence from international contributors within a substantive discussion of the impact of urban design policy tools and actions in specific development contexts. Contributions from leading urban design theorists and practitioners explore how: * Masterplanning and infrastructure provision encourage high quality design * Design codes reconcile developers' needs for certainty and flexibility * Clear policy combined with firm regulation can transform developer behaviour * Intelligent parcelisation can craft the character of successful new urban districts * Powerful real estates interests can capture regulatory initiatives * Stimulus instruments can encourage good design * Development competitions need careful management * Design review can foster developer commitment to design excellence * Speculative housebuilders respond in varied ways to the brownfield design challenge * Physical-financial models could help in assessing the benefits of design investment * Urban design can add value to the benefit of developers and cities as a whole.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 344
- Erscheinungstermin: 31. März 2011
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781444341157
- Artikelnr.: 38308353
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 344
- Erscheinungstermin: 31. März 2011
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781444341157
- Artikelnr.: 38308353
Steve Tiesdell, Senior Lecturer in Public Policy, Urban Studies, University of Glasgow David Adams, Ian Mactaggart Professor of Property and Urban Studies, University of Glasgow
Part I: Introduction. Part II: Information tools. Market-shaping actions seek to shape real estate markets by providing the general rules-of-the-game, thereby shaping the general context for decision-making. 2. Market structuring actions: e.g. rule-of-law (property rights). 3. Information-provision actions. e.g. definition and identification ('listing') of 'historic' buildings; definition and identification of conservation areas; good practice notes; plans. 4. Coordination actions: e.g. development plans; regulatory plans; indicative plans (e.g. masterplans; development frameworks; design/development briefs). 5. (Macro) State (public) investment actions e.g. major infrastructure provision (LRT, trams) Part III: Market regulating tools/actions. Market-regulating actions affect decisions by restricting the set of choices available - either by compelling an activity, prohibiting it or prohibiting aspects of it. 6. Regulatory systems. e.g. planning/development (zoning, discretionary; separated, integrated); highways; historic preservation. § 7. Enforcement actions. § 8. Regulatory procedures. e.g. deregulation; "smart" regulation; streamlining of regulatory systems; sifting applications (fast track for applications submitted by architect). Part IV: Market stimulating tools/actions. While regulatory actions generally stop things from happening, market-stimulating actions increase the likelihood of something happening. While regulations put parameters around (and, thereby, constrain) the actor's decision environment, market stimulating actions change the pattern of incentives within the decision environment making some strategies more (or less) advantageous to particular market actors. 9. Direct state actions. e.g. land sales (with/without conditions attached); infrastructure improvements; land assembly, subdivision and parcelisation. 10. Price-adjusting actions. e.g. imposition of taxes; tax credits/incentives/breaks (with design strings); subsidies/grants (with design strings). 11. Risk-adjusting actions. e.g. creation of more secure investment environment (through policy stability, investment actions, place management). 12. Capital-raising actions. . Part V: Capacity building tools/actions. Market-shaping, market regulation and market stimulating mechanisms are only as good as the people involved. Thus, while capacity building actions could be regarded simply as further forms of market-shaping or market-stimulating tools but better seen as means of facilitating (better) operation of other urban design tools.13. Developing human capital. e.g. on-job training; CPD, expert seminars; post-experience/postgraduate education; exposure to good practice, field visits; role models; inspirational "others" (e.g. design champions). 14. Building informal networks. e.g. cross-disciplinary groups (Urban Design Alliance); job swaps - public-to-private, private-to-public; behavioural economics. 15. Building institutional and organisational capacity. e.g. Architecture Centres; CABE; A&DS; place management organisations. 16. Changing mindsets and cultures. e.g. encouraging blue-skies thinking; thinking-outside-the-box; facilitating mindshifts; creativity and idea generation (e.g. through competitions); increasing receptivity to new ideas; changing/challenging images and perceptions of places. . Part VI : Conclusions
Preface. Acknowledgements. Contributors. 1 Real Estate Development, Urban
Design and the Tools Approach to Public Policy (Steve Tiesdell and David
Adams). Introduction. Real estate development. Opportunity space theory.
The tools approach to public policy. Shaping instruments. Regulatory
instruments. Stimulus instruments. Capacity-building instruments.
Developers' decision environments. 2 Masterplanning and Infrastructure in
New Communities in Europe (Nicholas Falk). Introduction. Differences
between the UK and Europe. Challenges for sustainable development. European
success stories. Joined-up planning in the Randstad. Conclusion: lessons
for the UK. 3 Design Coding: Mediating the Tyrannies of Practice (Matthew
Carmona). Introduction. The three tyrannies. From development standards to
design codes. The research findings. Conclusion. 4 Proactive Engagement in
Urban Design - The Case of Chelmsford (Tony Hall). Introduction. Making the
turnaround. The need for negotiation. Two examples. Reflections on the
developers' response. Conclusion. 5 Plot Logic: Character-Building Through
Creative Parcelisation (Tim Love and Christina Crawford). Introduction.
Setting the rules. Parcelling and subdivision strategies. The primacy of
the urban realm. The pitfalls of flexibility. Economic viability of
low-scale, densely distributed buildings. Alternative models. Conclusion. 6
The Business of Codes: Urban Design Regulation in an Entrepreneurial
Society (Nicholas J. Marantz and Eran Ben-Joseph). Introduction. Zoning
America. Developing America. Designing the American future. Conclusion. 7
Good Design in the Redevelopment of Brownfield Sites (Paul Syms and Andrew
Clarke). Introduction. Redeveloping and reusing brownfield sites: the
policy and regulatory context. Stimulus instruments in practice.
Conclusion. 8 Competitions as a Component of Design-Led Development (Place)
Procurement (Steven Tolson). Introduction. The place promoter. The
deliverer and competition participant. The (end) place matters most. The
competition. Conclusion. 9 Design Review - An Effective Means of Raising
Design Quality? (John Punter). Introduction. Origins, emergence and
critiques of design review internationally. The typology of design review
in England, Scotland and Wales. National design review: the genesis of
CABE's procedures and processes. How design review can increase the
opportunity space for design. The effectiveness of design review.
Conclusions: design review and the quality of development control. 10
'Business as Usual?' - Exploring the Design Response of UK Speculative
Housebuilders to the Brownfield Development Challenge (David Adams and
Sarah Payne). Introduction. The design debate around speculative housing
development. The conventional approach to design and construction in
speculative housebuilding. Responding to the challenge of brownfield
development. Conclusion. 11 Physical-Financial Modelling as an Aid to
Developers' Decision-Making (John Henneberry, Eckart Lange, Sarah Moore, Ed
Morgan and Ning Zhao). Introduction. Design quality and development
viability. Visualisation and financial appraisal. Conclusion. 12 Design
Champions - Fostering a Place-Making Culture and Capacity (Steve Tiesdell).
Introduction. The UK local government context. The design champion as
change agent. Edinburgh's design champion initiative. Conclusion. 13 Value
Creation Through Urban Design (Gary Hack and Lynne B. Sagalyn).
Introduction. Design and development projects. Strategies for enhancing
value. Coupling urban design and development. 14 Connecting Urban Design to
Real Estate Development (Steve Tiesdell and David Adams). Introduction.
Urban design and development economics. Opportunity space and
developer-designer relations. Policy choices and policy design. Towards a
research agenda. References. Index.
Design and the Tools Approach to Public Policy (Steve Tiesdell and David
Adams). Introduction. Real estate development. Opportunity space theory.
The tools approach to public policy. Shaping instruments. Regulatory
instruments. Stimulus instruments. Capacity-building instruments.
Developers' decision environments. 2 Masterplanning and Infrastructure in
New Communities in Europe (Nicholas Falk). Introduction. Differences
between the UK and Europe. Challenges for sustainable development. European
success stories. Joined-up planning in the Randstad. Conclusion: lessons
for the UK. 3 Design Coding: Mediating the Tyrannies of Practice (Matthew
Carmona). Introduction. The three tyrannies. From development standards to
design codes. The research findings. Conclusion. 4 Proactive Engagement in
Urban Design - The Case of Chelmsford (Tony Hall). Introduction. Making the
turnaround. The need for negotiation. Two examples. Reflections on the
developers' response. Conclusion. 5 Plot Logic: Character-Building Through
Creative Parcelisation (Tim Love and Christina Crawford). Introduction.
Setting the rules. Parcelling and subdivision strategies. The primacy of
the urban realm. The pitfalls of flexibility. Economic viability of
low-scale, densely distributed buildings. Alternative models. Conclusion. 6
The Business of Codes: Urban Design Regulation in an Entrepreneurial
Society (Nicholas J. Marantz and Eran Ben-Joseph). Introduction. Zoning
America. Developing America. Designing the American future. Conclusion. 7
Good Design in the Redevelopment of Brownfield Sites (Paul Syms and Andrew
Clarke). Introduction. Redeveloping and reusing brownfield sites: the
policy and regulatory context. Stimulus instruments in practice.
Conclusion. 8 Competitions as a Component of Design-Led Development (Place)
Procurement (Steven Tolson). Introduction. The place promoter. The
deliverer and competition participant. The (end) place matters most. The
competition. Conclusion. 9 Design Review - An Effective Means of Raising
Design Quality? (John Punter). Introduction. Origins, emergence and
critiques of design review internationally. The typology of design review
in England, Scotland and Wales. National design review: the genesis of
CABE's procedures and processes. How design review can increase the
opportunity space for design. The effectiveness of design review.
Conclusions: design review and the quality of development control. 10
'Business as Usual?' - Exploring the Design Response of UK Speculative
Housebuilders to the Brownfield Development Challenge (David Adams and
Sarah Payne). Introduction. The design debate around speculative housing
development. The conventional approach to design and construction in
speculative housebuilding. Responding to the challenge of brownfield
development. Conclusion. 11 Physical-Financial Modelling as an Aid to
Developers' Decision-Making (John Henneberry, Eckart Lange, Sarah Moore, Ed
Morgan and Ning Zhao). Introduction. Design quality and development
viability. Visualisation and financial appraisal. Conclusion. 12 Design
Champions - Fostering a Place-Making Culture and Capacity (Steve Tiesdell).
Introduction. The UK local government context. The design champion as
change agent. Edinburgh's design champion initiative. Conclusion. 13 Value
Creation Through Urban Design (Gary Hack and Lynne B. Sagalyn).
Introduction. Design and development projects. Strategies for enhancing
value. Coupling urban design and development. 14 Connecting Urban Design to
Real Estate Development (Steve Tiesdell and David Adams). Introduction.
Urban design and development economics. Opportunity space and
developer-designer relations. Policy choices and policy design. Towards a
research agenda. References. Index.
Part I: Introduction. Part II: Information tools. Market-shaping actions seek to shape real estate markets by providing the general rules-of-the-game, thereby shaping the general context for decision-making. 2. Market structuring actions: e.g. rule-of-law (property rights). 3. Information-provision actions. e.g. definition and identification ('listing') of 'historic' buildings; definition and identification of conservation areas; good practice notes; plans. 4. Coordination actions: e.g. development plans; regulatory plans; indicative plans (e.g. masterplans; development frameworks; design/development briefs). 5. (Macro) State (public) investment actions e.g. major infrastructure provision (LRT, trams) Part III: Market regulating tools/actions. Market-regulating actions affect decisions by restricting the set of choices available - either by compelling an activity, prohibiting it or prohibiting aspects of it. 6. Regulatory systems. e.g. planning/development (zoning, discretionary; separated, integrated); highways; historic preservation. § 7. Enforcement actions. § 8. Regulatory procedures. e.g. deregulation; "smart" regulation; streamlining of regulatory systems; sifting applications (fast track for applications submitted by architect). Part IV: Market stimulating tools/actions. While regulatory actions generally stop things from happening, market-stimulating actions increase the likelihood of something happening. While regulations put parameters around (and, thereby, constrain) the actor's decision environment, market stimulating actions change the pattern of incentives within the decision environment making some strategies more (or less) advantageous to particular market actors. 9. Direct state actions. e.g. land sales (with/without conditions attached); infrastructure improvements; land assembly, subdivision and parcelisation. 10. Price-adjusting actions. e.g. imposition of taxes; tax credits/incentives/breaks (with design strings); subsidies/grants (with design strings). 11. Risk-adjusting actions. e.g. creation of more secure investment environment (through policy stability, investment actions, place management). 12. Capital-raising actions. . Part V: Capacity building tools/actions. Market-shaping, market regulation and market stimulating mechanisms are only as good as the people involved. Thus, while capacity building actions could be regarded simply as further forms of market-shaping or market-stimulating tools but better seen as means of facilitating (better) operation of other urban design tools.13. Developing human capital. e.g. on-job training; CPD, expert seminars; post-experience/postgraduate education; exposure to good practice, field visits; role models; inspirational "others" (e.g. design champions). 14. Building informal networks. e.g. cross-disciplinary groups (Urban Design Alliance); job swaps - public-to-private, private-to-public; behavioural economics. 15. Building institutional and organisational capacity. e.g. Architecture Centres; CABE; A&DS; place management organisations. 16. Changing mindsets and cultures. e.g. encouraging blue-skies thinking; thinking-outside-the-box; facilitating mindshifts; creativity and idea generation (e.g. through competitions); increasing receptivity to new ideas; changing/challenging images and perceptions of places. . Part VI : Conclusions
Preface. Acknowledgements. Contributors. 1 Real Estate Development, Urban
Design and the Tools Approach to Public Policy (Steve Tiesdell and David
Adams). Introduction. Real estate development. Opportunity space theory.
The tools approach to public policy. Shaping instruments. Regulatory
instruments. Stimulus instruments. Capacity-building instruments.
Developers' decision environments. 2 Masterplanning and Infrastructure in
New Communities in Europe (Nicholas Falk). Introduction. Differences
between the UK and Europe. Challenges for sustainable development. European
success stories. Joined-up planning in the Randstad. Conclusion: lessons
for the UK. 3 Design Coding: Mediating the Tyrannies of Practice (Matthew
Carmona). Introduction. The three tyrannies. From development standards to
design codes. The research findings. Conclusion. 4 Proactive Engagement in
Urban Design - The Case of Chelmsford (Tony Hall). Introduction. Making the
turnaround. The need for negotiation. Two examples. Reflections on the
developers' response. Conclusion. 5 Plot Logic: Character-Building Through
Creative Parcelisation (Tim Love and Christina Crawford). Introduction.
Setting the rules. Parcelling and subdivision strategies. The primacy of
the urban realm. The pitfalls of flexibility. Economic viability of
low-scale, densely distributed buildings. Alternative models. Conclusion. 6
The Business of Codes: Urban Design Regulation in an Entrepreneurial
Society (Nicholas J. Marantz and Eran Ben-Joseph). Introduction. Zoning
America. Developing America. Designing the American future. Conclusion. 7
Good Design in the Redevelopment of Brownfield Sites (Paul Syms and Andrew
Clarke). Introduction. Redeveloping and reusing brownfield sites: the
policy and regulatory context. Stimulus instruments in practice.
Conclusion. 8 Competitions as a Component of Design-Led Development (Place)
Procurement (Steven Tolson). Introduction. The place promoter. The
deliverer and competition participant. The (end) place matters most. The
competition. Conclusion. 9 Design Review - An Effective Means of Raising
Design Quality? (John Punter). Introduction. Origins, emergence and
critiques of design review internationally. The typology of design review
in England, Scotland and Wales. National design review: the genesis of
CABE's procedures and processes. How design review can increase the
opportunity space for design. The effectiveness of design review.
Conclusions: design review and the quality of development control. 10
'Business as Usual?' - Exploring the Design Response of UK Speculative
Housebuilders to the Brownfield Development Challenge (David Adams and
Sarah Payne). Introduction. The design debate around speculative housing
development. The conventional approach to design and construction in
speculative housebuilding. Responding to the challenge of brownfield
development. Conclusion. 11 Physical-Financial Modelling as an Aid to
Developers' Decision-Making (John Henneberry, Eckart Lange, Sarah Moore, Ed
Morgan and Ning Zhao). Introduction. Design quality and development
viability. Visualisation and financial appraisal. Conclusion. 12 Design
Champions - Fostering a Place-Making Culture and Capacity (Steve Tiesdell).
Introduction. The UK local government context. The design champion as
change agent. Edinburgh's design champion initiative. Conclusion. 13 Value
Creation Through Urban Design (Gary Hack and Lynne B. Sagalyn).
Introduction. Design and development projects. Strategies for enhancing
value. Coupling urban design and development. 14 Connecting Urban Design to
Real Estate Development (Steve Tiesdell and David Adams). Introduction.
Urban design and development economics. Opportunity space and
developer-designer relations. Policy choices and policy design. Towards a
research agenda. References. Index.
Design and the Tools Approach to Public Policy (Steve Tiesdell and David
Adams). Introduction. Real estate development. Opportunity space theory.
The tools approach to public policy. Shaping instruments. Regulatory
instruments. Stimulus instruments. Capacity-building instruments.
Developers' decision environments. 2 Masterplanning and Infrastructure in
New Communities in Europe (Nicholas Falk). Introduction. Differences
between the UK and Europe. Challenges for sustainable development. European
success stories. Joined-up planning in the Randstad. Conclusion: lessons
for the UK. 3 Design Coding: Mediating the Tyrannies of Practice (Matthew
Carmona). Introduction. The three tyrannies. From development standards to
design codes. The research findings. Conclusion. 4 Proactive Engagement in
Urban Design - The Case of Chelmsford (Tony Hall). Introduction. Making the
turnaround. The need for negotiation. Two examples. Reflections on the
developers' response. Conclusion. 5 Plot Logic: Character-Building Through
Creative Parcelisation (Tim Love and Christina Crawford). Introduction.
Setting the rules. Parcelling and subdivision strategies. The primacy of
the urban realm. The pitfalls of flexibility. Economic viability of
low-scale, densely distributed buildings. Alternative models. Conclusion. 6
The Business of Codes: Urban Design Regulation in an Entrepreneurial
Society (Nicholas J. Marantz and Eran Ben-Joseph). Introduction. Zoning
America. Developing America. Designing the American future. Conclusion. 7
Good Design in the Redevelopment of Brownfield Sites (Paul Syms and Andrew
Clarke). Introduction. Redeveloping and reusing brownfield sites: the
policy and regulatory context. Stimulus instruments in practice.
Conclusion. 8 Competitions as a Component of Design-Led Development (Place)
Procurement (Steven Tolson). Introduction. The place promoter. The
deliverer and competition participant. The (end) place matters most. The
competition. Conclusion. 9 Design Review - An Effective Means of Raising
Design Quality? (John Punter). Introduction. Origins, emergence and
critiques of design review internationally. The typology of design review
in England, Scotland and Wales. National design review: the genesis of
CABE's procedures and processes. How design review can increase the
opportunity space for design. The effectiveness of design review.
Conclusions: design review and the quality of development control. 10
'Business as Usual?' - Exploring the Design Response of UK Speculative
Housebuilders to the Brownfield Development Challenge (David Adams and
Sarah Payne). Introduction. The design debate around speculative housing
development. The conventional approach to design and construction in
speculative housebuilding. Responding to the challenge of brownfield
development. Conclusion. 11 Physical-Financial Modelling as an Aid to
Developers' Decision-Making (John Henneberry, Eckart Lange, Sarah Moore, Ed
Morgan and Ning Zhao). Introduction. Design quality and development
viability. Visualisation and financial appraisal. Conclusion. 12 Design
Champions - Fostering a Place-Making Culture and Capacity (Steve Tiesdell).
Introduction. The UK local government context. The design champion as
change agent. Edinburgh's design champion initiative. Conclusion. 13 Value
Creation Through Urban Design (Gary Hack and Lynne B. Sagalyn).
Introduction. Design and development projects. Strategies for enhancing
value. Coupling urban design and development. 14 Connecting Urban Design to
Real Estate Development (Steve Tiesdell and David Adams). Introduction.
Urban design and development economics. Opportunity space and
developer-designer relations. Policy choices and policy design. Towards a
research agenda. References. Index.