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This book covers both the fundamental and applied aspects of advanced Na-ion batteries (NIB) which have proven to be a potential challenger to Li-ion batteries. Both the chemistry and design of positive and negative electrode materials are examined. In NIB, the electrolyte is also a crucial part of the batteries and the recent research, showing a possible alternative to classical electrolytes with the development of ionic liquid-based electrolytes is also explored. Cycling performance in NIB is also strongly associated with the quality of the electrode-electrolyte interface, where electrolyte…mehr
This book covers both the fundamental and applied aspects of advanced Na-ion batteries (NIB) which have proven to be a potential challenger to Li-ion batteries. Both the chemistry and design of positive and negative electrode materials are examined. In NIB, the electrolyte is also a crucial part of the batteries and the recent research, showing a possible alternative to classical electrolytes with the development of ionic liquid-based electrolytes is also explored. Cycling performance in NIB is also strongly associated with the quality of the electrode-electrolyte interface, where electrolyte degradation takes place; thus, Na-ion Batteries details the recent achievements in furthering knowledge of this interface. Finally, as the ultimate goal is commercialization of this new electrical storage technology, the last chapters are dedicated to the industrial point of view, given by two startup companies, who developed two different NIB chemistries for complementary applications and markets.
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Laure Monconduit holds a PhD from the Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel and is CNRS Senior Researcher at Charles Gerhardt Institute (CNRS UMR 5253) at the University of Montpellier, France. Her current research interests include the synthesis and characterization of negative electrode materials for Li-ion, and post-Li systems (Na-, K-, Mg-ion) by operando characterization techniques. Laurence Croguennec holds a PhD from the Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel at Nantes University, France, and is CNRS Senior Researcher at ICMCB in Bordeaux, France. Her research is focused in the field of electrode materials for Li- and Na-ion batteries: crystal chemistry of oxides and phosphates, and the characterization of mechanisms involved upon cycling.
Inhaltsangabe
Introduction xi Laure MONCONDUIT and Laurence CROGUENNEC
Chapter 1. Layered NaMO2 for the Positive Electrode 1 Shinichi KOMABA and Kei KUBOTA
1.1. Research history of layered transition metal oxides as electrode materials for Na-ion batteries until 2009 1
1.2. Crystal structures of layered materials 4
1.2.1. Crystal structures of synthesizable NaxMO2 4
1.2.2. Structural changes of O3-NaMO2 by Na extraction 7
1.2.3. Structural changes of P2-NaxMO2 by Na extraction 9
1.3.3. Moist air stability of O3-NaMO2 and surface coating 24
1.4. P2-type layered materials 26
1.4.1. Practical issues of P2-type materials for Na-ion batteries 26
1.4.2. P2-Na2/3[Mn,Co,M]O2 28
1.4.3. P2-Na2/3[Mn,Fe,M]O2 29
1.4.4. P2-Na2/3[Ni,Mn,M]O2 30
1.5. Summary and prospects 32
1.6. Acknowledgments 33
1.7. References 33
Chapter 2. Polyanionic-Type Compounds as Positive Electrodes for Na-ion batteries 47 Long H. B. NGUYEN, Fan CHEN, Christian MASQUELIER and Laurence CROGUENNEC
2.1. Introduction 47
2.1.1. Oxides and polyanionic frameworks as positive electrodes for sodium ion-batteries 47
2.1.2. NASICONs and Na3V2(PO4)2F3 50
2.2. NASICON structures as model frameworks in sodium-ion battery applications 53
2.2.1. Compositional diversity from solid electrolytes to electrodes 53
2.2.2. NASICON-typed materials as electrodes for Na batteries 55
2.2.3. Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) 58
2.3. Na3V2(PO4)2F3 used as a model framework in sodium-ion battery applications 69
2.3.1. Structural description and compositional diversity 69
2.3.2. Na3V2(PO4)2F3: a promising active material for positive electrodes in NIBs 72
2.3.3. Oxygen substitution in Na3V2(PO4)2F3 and its effects on the electrochemical performance of substituted phases 75
2.3.4. Paving the way toward Na3V2(PO4)2F3 with superior performance 80
2.4. Conclusion and perspectives 86
2.5. References 87
Chapter 3. Hard Carbon for Na-ion Batteries: From Synthesis to Performance and Storage Mechanism 101 Carolina DEL MAR SAAVEDRA RIOS, Adrian BEDA, Loic SIMONIN and Camélia MATEI GHIMBEU
3.1. Introduction 101
3.2. What is a hard carbon? 103
3.3. Hard carbon synthesis and microstructure 105
3.3.1. Synthetic precursors-based hard carbon synthesis 107
3.3.2. Bio-polymers derived hard carbon synthesis 110
3.3.3. Biomass-based hard carbon synthesis 112
3.4. Hard carbon characteristics 116
3.4.1. Hard carbon structure 116
3.4.2. Hard carbon porosity 118
3.4.3. Hard carbon surface chemistry 121
3.4.4. Hard carbon structural defects 124
3.5. Electrochemical performance 126
3.5.1. Materials performance 126
3.5.2. Full Na-ion system performance 131
3.5.3. Sodium insertion mechanisms in hard carbon 132
3.6. Conclusion 135
3.7. References 136
Chapter 4. Non-Carbonaceous Negative Electrodes in Sodium Batteries 147 Vincent GABAUDAN, Moulay Tahar SOUGRATI, Lorenzo STIEVANO and Laure MONCONDUIT
4.1. Introduction 147
4.2. Insertion materials 149
4.2.1. Insertion anodes based on titanium oxide and titanates 149
4.2.2. Insertion anodes based on transition metal chalcogenides 157
1.3.3. Moist air stability of O3-NaMO2 and surface coating 24
1.4. P2-type layered materials 26
1.4.1. Practical issues of P2-type materials for Na-ion batteries 26
1.4.2. P2-Na2/3[Mn,Co,M]O2 28
1.4.3. P2-Na2/3[Mn,Fe,M]O2 29
1.4.4. P2-Na2/3[Ni,Mn,M]O2 30
1.5. Summary and prospects 32
1.6. Acknowledgments 33
1.7. References 33
Chapter 2. Polyanionic-Type Compounds as Positive Electrodes for Na-ion batteries 47 Long H. B. NGUYEN, Fan CHEN, Christian MASQUELIER and Laurence CROGUENNEC
2.1. Introduction 47
2.1.1. Oxides and polyanionic frameworks as positive electrodes for sodium ion-batteries 47
2.1.2. NASICONs and Na3V2(PO4)2F3 50
2.2. NASICON structures as model frameworks in sodium-ion battery applications 53
2.2.1. Compositional diversity from solid electrolytes to electrodes 53
2.2.2. NASICON-typed materials as electrodes for Na batteries 55
2.2.3. Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) 58
2.3. Na3V2(PO4)2F3 used as a model framework in sodium-ion battery applications 69
2.3.1. Structural description and compositional diversity 69
2.3.2. Na3V2(PO4)2F3: a promising active material for positive electrodes in NIBs 72
2.3.3. Oxygen substitution in Na3V2(PO4)2F3 and its effects on the electrochemical performance of substituted phases 75
2.3.4. Paving the way toward Na3V2(PO4)2F3 with superior performance 80
2.4. Conclusion and perspectives 86
2.5. References 87
Chapter 3. Hard Carbon for Na-ion Batteries: From Synthesis to Performance and Storage Mechanism 101 Carolina DEL MAR SAAVEDRA RIOS, Adrian BEDA, Loic SIMONIN and Camélia MATEI GHIMBEU
3.1. Introduction 101
3.2. What is a hard carbon? 103
3.3. Hard carbon synthesis and microstructure 105
3.3.1. Synthetic precursors-based hard carbon synthesis 107
3.3.2. Bio-polymers derived hard carbon synthesis 110
3.3.3. Biomass-based hard carbon synthesis 112
3.4. Hard carbon characteristics 116
3.4.1. Hard carbon structure 116
3.4.2. Hard carbon porosity 118
3.4.3. Hard carbon surface chemistry 121
3.4.4. Hard carbon structural defects 124
3.5. Electrochemical performance 126
3.5.1. Materials performance 126
3.5.2. Full Na-ion system performance 131
3.5.3. Sodium insertion mechanisms in hard carbon 132
3.6. Conclusion 135
3.7. References 136
Chapter 4. Non-Carbonaceous Negative Electrodes in Sodium Batteries 147 Vincent GABAUDAN, Moulay Tahar SOUGRATI, Lorenzo STIEVANO and Laure MONCONDUIT
4.1. Introduction 147
4.2. Insertion materials 149
4.2.1. Insertion anodes based on titanium oxide and titanates 149
4.2.2. Insertion anodes based on transition metal chalcogenides 157
4.2.3. Insertion MXene-based anodes 159
4.2.4. Insertion organic anodes 161 <
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