Michael T. Mcmanus

Annual Plant Reviews, Volume 44, The Plant Hormone Ethylene (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

The plant hormone ethylene is one of the most important, being one of the first chemicals to be determined as a naturally-occurring growth regulator and influencer of plant development. It was also the first hormone for which significant evidence was found for the presence of receptors. This important new volume in Annual Plant Reviews is broadly divided into three parts. The first part covers the biosynthesis of ethylene and includes chapters on S-adenosylmethionine and the formation and fate of ACC in plant cells. The second part of the volume covers ethylene signaling, including the perception of ethylene by plant cells, CTR proteins, MAP kinases and EIN2 / EIN3. The final part covers the control by ethylene of cell function and development, including seed development, germination, plant growth, cell separation, fruit ripening, senescent processes, and plant-pathogen interactions. The Plant Hormone Ethylene is an extremely valuable addition to Wiley-Blackwell's Annual Plant Reviews. With contributions from many of the world's leading researchers in ethylene, and edited by Professor Michael McManus of Massey University, this volume will be of great use and interest to a wide range of plant scientists, biochemists and chemists. All universities and research establishments where plant sciences, biochemistry, chemistry, life sciences and agriculture are studied and taught should have access to this important volume.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 456
• Erscheinungstermin: 8. Februar 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118223116
• Artikelnr.: 38236553

Autorenporträt

Michael McManus is Professor at the Institute of Molecular Biosciences at Massey University, New Zealand. He is also an Editorial Board Member of Annual Plant Reviews.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Contributors xv Preface xxiii 1 100 Years of Ethylene - A Personal
View 1 Don Grierson 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Ethylene biosynthesis 2 1.3
Ethylene perception and signalling 7 1.4 Differential responses to ethylene
9 1.5 Ethylene and development 10 1.6 Looking ahead 13 Acknowledgements 14
References 14 2 Early Events in the Ethylene Biosynthetic Pathway -
Regulation of the Pools of Methionine and S-Adenosylmethionine 19 Katharina
B¿ urstenbinder and Margret Sauter 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 The metabolism
of Met and SAM 22 2.3 Regulation of de novo Met synthesis 25 2.4 Regulation
of the SAM pool 27 2.5 The activated methyl cycle 30 2.6 The
S-methylmethionine cycle 32 2.7 The methionine or Yang cycle 35 2.8
Conclusions 42 Acknowledgement 43 References 44 3 The Formation of ACC and
Competition Between Polyamines and Ethylene for SAM 53 Smadar Harpaz-Saad,
Gyeong Mee Yoon, Autar K. Mattoo, and Joseph J. Kieber 3.1 Introduction 53
3.2 Identification and characterization of ACC synthase activity in plants
54 3.3 Analysis of ACC synthase at the transcriptional level 58 3.4
Post-transcriptional regulation of ACS 62 3.5 Does ACC act as a signal? 65
3.6 Biosynthesis and physiology of polyamines 67 Acknowledgements 72
References 72 4 The Fate of ACC in Higher Plants 83 Sarah J. Dorling and
Michael T. McManus 4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 History of the discovery of ACC
oxidase as the ethylene-forming enzyme 84 4.3 Mechanism of the ACC
oxidase-catalyzed reaction 86 4.4 Transcriptional regulation of ACC oxidase
92 4.5 Translational regulation of ACC oxidase 97 4.6 Evidence that ACC
oxidase acts as a control point in ethylene biosynthesis 100 4.7
Evolutionary aspects of ACC oxidase 104 Acknowledgements 105 References 105
5 Perception of Ethylene by Plants - Ethylene Receptors 117 Brad M. Binder,
Caren Chang and G. Eric Schaller 5.1 Historical overview 118 5.2
Subfamilies of ethylene receptors and their evolutionary history 120 5.3
Ethylene binding 123 5.4 Signal output from the receptors 126 5.5
Overlapping and non-overlapping roles for the receptor isoforms in
controlling various phenotypes 128 5.6 Post-translational regulation of the
receptors 131 5.7 Conclusions and model 135 Acknowledgements 137 References
138 6 Ethylene Signalling: the CTR1 Protein Kinase 147 Silin Zhong and
Caren Chang 6.1 Introduction 148 6.2 Discovery of CTR1, a negative
regulator of ethylene signal transduction 148 6.3 CTR1 Encodes a
serine/threonine protein kinase 151 6.4 The CTR1 gene family 153 6.5
Regulation of CTR1 activity 156 6.6 Elusive targets of CTR1 signalling 161
6.7 CTR1 crosstalk and interactions with other signals 162 6.8 Conclusions
163 Acknowledgements 164 References 164 7 EIN2 and EIN3 in Ethylene
Signalling 169 Young-Hee Cho, Sangho Lee and Sang-Dong Yoo 7.1 Introduction
169 7.2 Overview of ethylene signalling and EIN2 and EIN3 172 7.3 Genetic
identification and biochemical regulation of EIN2 173 7.4 EIN3 regulation
in ethylene signalling 174 7.5 Functions of ERF1 and other ERFs in ethylene
signalling 181 7.6 Future directions 183 Acknowledgements 184 References
184 8 Ethylene in Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination 189 Renata
Bogatek and Agnieszka Gniazdowska 8.1 Introduction 189 8.2 Ethylene in seed
embryogenesis 192 8.3 Ethylene in seed dormancy and germination 194 8.4
Ethylene interactions with other plant hormones in the regulation of seed
dormancy and germination 199 8.5 Ethylene interactions with ROS in the
regulation of seed dormancy and germination 202 8.6 Ethylene interactions
with other small gaseous signalling molecules (NO, HCN) in the regulation
of seed dormancy and germination 204 8.7 Concluding remarks 207
Acknowledgements 209 References 209 9 The Role of Ethylene in Plant Growth
and Development 219 Filip Vandenbussche and Dominique Van Der Straeten 9.1
Introduction 219 9.2 Design of root architecture 220 9.3 Regulation of
hypocotyl growth 225 9.4 Shoot architecture and orientation: post-seedling
growth 229 9.5 Floral transition 232 9.6 Determination of sexual forms of
flowers 232 9.7 Ethylene effects on growth controlling mechanisms 233 9.8
Conclusions 234 Acknowledgements 234 References 234 10 Ethylene and Cell
Separation Processes 243 Zinnia H. Gonzalez-Carranza and Jeremy A. Roberts
10.1 Introduction 243 10.2 Overview of the cell separation process 244 10.3
Transcription analyses during cell separation 258 10.4 Relationship between
ethylene and other hormones in the regulation of cell separation 259 10.5
Ethylene and signalling systems during cell separation 261 10.6 Application
of knowledge of abscission to crops of horticultural and agricultural
importance 262 10.7 Conclusions and future perspectives 263 References 265
11 Ethylene and Fruit Ripening 275 Jean-Claude Pech, Eduardo Purgatto,
Mondher Bouzayen and Alain Latche 11.1 Introduction 276 11.2 Regulation of
ethylene production during ripening of climacteric fruit 276 11.3
Transcriptional control of ethylene biosynthesis genes 282 11.4 Role of
ethylene in ripening of non-climacteric fruit 283 11.5 Manipulation of
ethylene biosynthesis and ripening 284 11.6 Ethylene-dependent and
-independent aspects of climacteric ripening 286 11.7 Ethylene perception
and transduction effects in fruit ripening 288 11.8 Hormonal crosstalk in
fruit ripening 292 11.9 Conclusions and future directions 295
Acknowledgements 296 References 296 12 Ethylene and Senescence Processes
305 Laura E. Graham, Jos H.M. Schippers, Paul P. Dijkwel and Carol Wagstaff
12.1 Introduction 306 12.2 Overview of ethylene-mediated senescence in
different plant organs 306 12.3 Transcriptional regulation of
ethylene-mediated senescence processes 314 12.4 Interaction of ethylene
with other hormones in relation to senescence 323 12.5 The importance of
ethylene-mediated senescence in post-harvest biology 325 12.6 Conclusions
and future perspectives 329 References 329 13 Ethylene: Multi-Tasker in
Plant-Attacker Interactions 343 Sjoerd Van der Ent and Corne M.J. Pieterse
13.1 Introduction 344 13.2 Hormones in plant defence signalling 346 13.3
Implications of ethylene in basal defence and disease susceptibility 348
13.4 Implications of ethylene in systemic immune responses 353 13.5
Ethylene modulates crosstalk among defence-signalling pathways 362 13.6
Concluding remarks 365 Acknowledgements 366 References 367 Index 379 First
8-page color plate section (between pages 168 and 169) Second 8-page color
plate section (between pages 360 and 361)