The story of the American university in the past half century is about the rise of women in participation as students, faculty members, college athletes, and in subsequently changing the overall university culture for the better. Now almost sixty percent of the overall college student population in America is female, and still growing. By the year 2000, women surpassed men worldwide in attendance at higher education institutions. At the same time, after years of a disproportionate dominant male professoriate, female faculty members are now becoming the majority of university professors. While…mehr
The story of the American university in the past half century is about the rise of women in participation as students, faculty members, college athletes, and in subsequently changing the overall university culture for the better. Now almost sixty percent of the overall college student population in America is female, and still growing. By the year 2000, women surpassed men worldwide in attendance at higher education institutions. At the same time, after years of a disproportionate dominant male professoriate, female faculty members are now becoming the majority of university professors. While top university presidents are still largely male, women have achieved real gains in the overall administrative ranks and trustee positions. In all areas of the university disparities still exist in terms of compensation and balance in key areas of the academy, but the overall positive trend is clear. Few to this date have recognized and chronicled this extraordinary change in college education-one of society's fundamental and influential institutions. For universities the test for the future is to make the changes needed in broad areas within higher education from financial aid to curriculum, student activities, and overall campus culture in order to better foster a newly empowered majority of women students.
Gary A. Berg, PhD, MFA, is the author/editor of eight previous books including Low-Income Students and the Perpetuation of Inequality and Lessons from the Edge: For-profit and Nontraditional Higher Education in America, and numerous academic journal articles, as well as interviews and opinion pieces in popular media. His research has spanned topics such as technology uses for educational purposes, public policy issues on admissions and financial aid, and innovative work in universities and non-profit organizations.
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Table of Contents Author s Note Introduction: The Rise of Women in Post-Secondary Education Chapter 1. Participation of Women in Higher Education Chapter 2. Global Perspectives on Women, Education, and Literacy Chapter 3. Women s and Coeducational Colleges Chapter 4. Women s Athletics in College and the Impact of Title IX Chapter 5. Learning Outside the Academy Chapter 6. Late 20th Century Scholarly and Pedagogical Approaches Conclusion: What Does the Future Hold? About the Author Acknowledgments References Illustration Credits Index Index of Figures 1.02 Percentage of U.S. Bachelor Degrees Awarded to Women 1.03 College Degree Gender Gap by Age 1.05 Women Faculty in U.S. 1.06 Comparative Faculty Compensation by Gender 1.07 Women Professors by Institutional Type 1.08 Average Debt BS/BA 1.09 Difficulty Repaying Loans 2.01 Tertiary Degree by Gender (24-35-year-old) 2.02 Chart 2.2 Worldwide Fertility Rate Trend 2.03 Women s Wage Comparison to Men (Age 25-64) 2.04 Women s Representation by Discipline Worldwide 3.01 Number and Type of Higher Education Institutions Trend 4.03 Average # of Women's Varsity Teams Per School 4.04 Student Engagement Comparison 4.05 Net Revenue Athletic Program Comparison 4.06 Total Salaries and Benefits Division 1 5.01 Literary Reading by Gender Trend Conclusion.02 Average Full-Time Wage Comparison by Gender List of Illustrations 1.01 Nine African American women, full-length portrait, seated on steps of a building at Atlanta University, Georgia (1899), Askew, Thomas E., photographer (Library of Congress) 1.04 The Sky is Now Her Limit (1920), Illustration by Bushnell, reprinted in New York Times Current History (Library of Congress) 3.02 Seniors marching to chapel, Mt. [Mount] Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass., 1908. Detroit Publishing Company photograph collection (Library of Congress) Image 3.03 American Indian and African American students at Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va. 1900(?) - women studying human respiratory system, Johnston, Frances Benjamin, photographer (Library of Congress) 4.01 Women s Rowing Team, Potomac Boat Club (1919) National Photo Company Collection (Library of Congress) 4.02 1913-1914 basketball game, no. 38, Vassar College, May 1913 Wolven, E. L., photographer (Library of Congress) 5.02 Women Reading in Normal School, Washington D.C., (1899) Johnston, Frances Benjamin (Library of Congress) 5.03 Woman writing. (1892). Phillips, John Edwin, (Library of Congress) 5.04 For the Benefit of the Girl About to Graduate (1890) Charles Howard Johnson (Library of Congress) 6.01 Harriet Tubman, full-length portrait, seated in chair, facing front, probably at her home in Auburn, New York (1911) (Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division) Conclusion.01 Looking Backward (1912) From Life, August 222, 1912, p. 1638 (Library of Congress) Conclusion.03 Vinnie Ream at work upon her Lincoln bust which rests upon the stand she used in the White House while President Lincoln posed for her (1865-70) (Library of Congress).
Table of Contents Author s Note Introduction: The Rise of Women in Post-Secondary Education Chapter 1. Participation of Women in Higher Education Chapter 2. Global Perspectives on Women, Education, and Literacy Chapter 3. Women s and Coeducational Colleges Chapter 4. Women s Athletics in College and the Impact of Title IX Chapter 5. Learning Outside the Academy Chapter 6. Late 20th Century Scholarly and Pedagogical Approaches Conclusion: What Does the Future Hold? About the Author Acknowledgments References Illustration Credits Index Index of Figures 1.02 Percentage of U.S. Bachelor Degrees Awarded to Women 1.03 College Degree Gender Gap by Age 1.05 Women Faculty in U.S. 1.06 Comparative Faculty Compensation by Gender 1.07 Women Professors by Institutional Type 1.08 Average Debt BS/BA 1.09 Difficulty Repaying Loans 2.01 Tertiary Degree by Gender (24-35-year-old) 2.02 Chart 2.2 Worldwide Fertility Rate Trend 2.03 Women s Wage Comparison to Men (Age 25-64) 2.04 Women s Representation by Discipline Worldwide 3.01 Number and Type of Higher Education Institutions Trend 4.03 Average # of Women's Varsity Teams Per School 4.04 Student Engagement Comparison 4.05 Net Revenue Athletic Program Comparison 4.06 Total Salaries and Benefits Division 1 5.01 Literary Reading by Gender Trend Conclusion.02 Average Full-Time Wage Comparison by Gender List of Illustrations 1.01 Nine African American women, full-length portrait, seated on steps of a building at Atlanta University, Georgia (1899), Askew, Thomas E., photographer (Library of Congress) 1.04 The Sky is Now Her Limit (1920), Illustration by Bushnell, reprinted in New York Times Current History (Library of Congress) 3.02 Seniors marching to chapel, Mt. [Mount] Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass., 1908. Detroit Publishing Company photograph collection (Library of Congress) Image 3.03 American Indian and African American students at Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va. 1900(?) - women studying human respiratory system, Johnston, Frances Benjamin, photographer (Library of Congress) 4.01 Women s Rowing Team, Potomac Boat Club (1919) National Photo Company Collection (Library of Congress) 4.02 1913-1914 basketball game, no. 38, Vassar College, May 1913 Wolven, E. L., photographer (Library of Congress) 5.02 Women Reading in Normal School, Washington D.C., (1899) Johnston, Frances Benjamin (Library of Congress) 5.03 Woman writing. (1892). Phillips, John Edwin, (Library of Congress) 5.04 For the Benefit of the Girl About to Graduate (1890) Charles Howard Johnson (Library of Congress) 6.01 Harriet Tubman, full-length portrait, seated in chair, facing front, probably at her home in Auburn, New York (1911) (Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division) Conclusion.01 Looking Backward (1912) From Life, August 222, 1912, p. 1638 (Library of Congress) Conclusion.03 Vinnie Ream at work upon her Lincoln bust which rests upon the stand she used in the White House while President Lincoln posed for her (1865-70) (Library of Congress).
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