Responsible Innovation

Managing the Responsible Emergence of Science and Innovation in Society
Herausgegeben von Owen, Richard; Bessant, John; Heintz, Maggy

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

With societies facing a bewildering number of emerging technologies, there is increasingly a call for a more responsible approach to innovation from scholars, public figures, and the public at large. This book defines the idea of responsible innovation, addressing the issues, challenges, and solutions in a constructive way. It introduces key themes from the literature to redefine our relationship with innovation and technology, from identifying risks to managing unanticipated outcomes to exploring key questions of responsibility, accountability, and liability. Case studies and examples are used throughout.

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Science and innovation have the power to transform our lives and the world we live in - for better or worse - in ways that often transcend borders and generations: from the innovation of complex financial products that played such an important role in the recent financial crisis to current proposals to intentionally engineer our Earth's climate. The promise of science and innovation brings with it ethical dilemmas and impacts which are often uncertain and unpredictable: it is often only once these have emerged that we feel able to control them. How do we undertake science and innovation responsibly under such conditions, towards not only socially acceptable, but socially desirable goals and in a way that is democratic, equitable and sustainable? Responsible innovation challenges us all to think about our responsibilities for the future, as scientists, innovators and citizens, and to act upon these.

This book begins with a description of the current landscape of innovation and in subsequent chapters offers perspectives on the emerging concept of responsible innovation and its historical foundations, including key elements of a responsible innovation approach and examples of practical implementation.

Written in a constructive and accessible way, Responsible Innovation includes chapters on:
Innovation and its management in the 21st century
A vision and framework for responsible innovation
Concepts of future-oriented responsibility as an underpinning philosophy
Values - sensitive design
Key themes of anticipation, reflection, deliberation and responsiveness
Multi - level governance and regulation
Perspectives on responsible innovation in finance, ICT, geoengineering and nanotechnology

Essentially multidisciplinary in nature, this landmark text combines research from the fields of science and technology studies, philosophy, innovation governance, business studies and beyond to address the question, "How do we ensure the responsible emergence of science and innovation in society?"

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• 2. Aufl.
• Seitenzahl: 306
• Erscheinungstermin: 4. Juni 2013
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 254mm x 177mm x 20mm
• Gewicht: 620g
• ISBN-13: 9781119966364
• ISBN-10: 1119966361
• Artikelnr.: 37706063

Autorenporträt

Richard Owen University of Exeter, UK John Bessant University of Exeter, UK Maggy Heintz French Embassy, London, UK

Inhaltsangabe

Foreword: Why Responsible Innovation? xi Jack Stilgoe Preface xvii List of
Contributors xxiii 1. Innovation in the Twenty-First Century 1 John Bessant
1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 How Can We Innovate? - Innovation as a Process 3 1.3
Where Could We Innovate? - Innovation Strategy 4 1.4 Reframing Innovation 5
1.5 Reframing Challenges for Twenty-First Century Innovation 9 1.5.1 The
Spaghetti Challenge 9 1.5.2 The Sappho Challenge - Bringing Stakeholders
into the Frame 14 1.5.3 The Sustainability Challenge - Innovation for
Sustainable Development 17 1.6 Emergent Properties of the New Innovation
Environment 21 2. A Framework for Responsible Innovation 27 Richard Owen,
Jack Stilgoe, Phil Macnaghten, Mike Gorman, Erik Fisher, and Dave Guston
2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Context: the Imperative for Responsible Innovation
30 2.2.1 Re-evaluating the Social Contract for Science and Innovation 30
2.2.2 The Responsibility Gap 31 2.2.3 The Dilemma of Control 33 2.2.4
Products and Purposes: the Democratic Governance of Intent 34 2.3 Locating
Responsible Innovation within Prospective Dimensions of Responsibility 35
2.4 Four Dimensions of Responsible Innovation 38 2.5 Responsible
Innovation: from Principles to Practice 39 2.5.1 Some Experiments in
Responsible Innovation 40 2.6 Toward the Future: Building Capacity for
Responsible Innovation 44 3. A Vision of Responsible Research and
Innovation 51 René von Schomberg 3.1 Introduction: Technical Inventions,
Innovation, and Responsibility 52 3.2 Responsible Research and Innovation
and the Quest for the Right Impacts of Research 54 3.3 Defining the Right
Impacts and Outcomes of Research 56 3.4 From Normative Anchor Points Toward
the Defining of "Grand Challenges" and the Direction of Innovation 58 3.5
Responsible Research and Innovation: Organizing Collective Responsibility
59 3.5.1 Some Examples of Irresponsible Innovation 60 3.6 A Framework for
Responsible Research and Innovation 63 3.6.1 Use of Technology Assessment
and Technology Foresight 65 3.6.2 Application of Precautionary Principle 67
3.6.3 Innovation Governance 67 3.7 Outlook 71 4. Value Sensitive Design and
Responsible Innovation 75 Jeroen van den Hoven 4.1 Introduction 75 4.2
Innovation and Moral Overload 77 4.3 Values and Design 78 4.4 Responsible
Innovation 80 5. Responsible Innovation - Opening Up Dialogue and Debate 85
Kathy Sykes and Phil Macnaghten 5.1 A Short History of Controversies about
Science and Technology 85 5.2 The Evolution of Public Engagement 87 5.3 The
Case of Genetically Modified Foods in the UK 90 5.4 Sciencewise and the
Institutional Embedding of Public Engagement in the UK 92 5.5 Motivations
for Public Dialogue 94 5.6 The Claims for Public Dialogue 97 5.7 How (and
When) Can Debate and Dialogue Be Opened Up? 99 5.8 The Substance of Public
Concerns and Their Implications for Governance 102 5.9 Concluding Remarks
104 6. "Daddy, Can I Have a Puddle Gator?": Creativity, Anticipation, and
Responsible Innovation 109 David H. Guston 6.1 Introduction 109 6.2
Understanding Anticipation 111 6.3 The Politics of Novelty 112 6.4 The
Challenge of Speculative Ethics 114 6.5 Conclusion 116 7. What Is
"Responsible" about Responsible Innovation? Understanding the Ethical
Issues 119 Alexei Grinbaum and Christopher Groves 7.1 Introduction 119 7.2
The Changing Meaning of Responsibility 120 7.2.1 From the Divine
Corporation to the Sovereign Individual 120 7.2.2 Knowledge, Uncertainty,
and Human Finitude 123 7.2.3 Reciprocal and Non-Reciprocal Responsibility
126 7.3 Beyond the Sovereign Individual: Collective Responsibility, Desire,
and Cultural Narratives 128 7.3.1 Passion Sits Alongside Reason 128 7.3.2
Non-Consequentialist Individual Responsibility 130 7.3.3 Collective
Political Responsibility 132 7.3.4 The Virtues of Responsible Innovation
134 7.3.5 Narratives Take over Where Cost-Benefit Analysis Fails 135 7.4
Conclusion: Responsibility and Meaning 139 8. Adaptive Governance for
Responsible Innovation 143 Robert G. Lee and JudithPetts 8.1 Introduction
143 8.2 Risk and Adaptive Governance 145 8.3 Responsibility and
Accountability 147 8.4 The Rationale for Regulation 150 8.5 Risk Regulation
and Accountability for Product Safety 151 8.6 The Adaptation of Risk
Regulation 154 8.7 Adaptive Innovation Governance: Limits and Needs 158 8.8
Conclusion 160 9. Responsible Innovation: Multi-Level Dynamics and Soft
Intervention Practices 165 Erik Fisher and Arie Rip 9.1 Introduction 165
9.2 Discourse and Activities at Different Levels of Governance 166 9.2.1
International and Bi-Lateral Meetings 167 9.2.2 Legislative Initiatives 168
9.2.3 Research Funding Agencies 169 9.2.4 Intermediary Organizations and
Consortia 171 9.2.5 Concrete Activities 172 9.3 Two Cases of "Soft"
Intervention 173 9.3.1 STIRing the Capacities of Science and Innovation
Practitioners 173 9.3.2 Constructive Technology Assessment (CTA) of Newly
Emerging Science and Technology 175 9.4 Concluding Observations on
Governance 177 10. Responsible Innovation in Finance: Directions and
Implications 185 Fabian Muniesa and Marc Lenglet 10.1 Introduction 185 10.2
Perspectives on Responsible Innovation in Finance 187 10.2.1 Perspective on
Function 187 10.2.2 Perspective on Moral Rules 188 10.2.3 Perspective on
Internalized Values 188 10.2.4 Perspective on Aggregate Consequences 189
10.2.5 Perspective on Accountability 189 10.2.6 Perspective on Precaution
190 10.2.7 Perspective on Democracy 191 10.3 Some Directions for Further
Reflection 191 10.4 Conclusion 194 11. Responsible Research and Innovation
in Information and Communication Technology: Identifying and Engaging with
the Ethical Implications of ICTs 199 Bernd Carsten Stahl, Grace Eden, and
Marina Jirotka 11.1 Introduction 199 11.2 Conceptualizing Responsibility
and Responsible Research and Innovation in ICT 200 11.2.1 Responsibility as
a Social Ascription 200 11.2.2 Responsible Research and Innovation as
Meta-Responsibility 201 11.2.3 Responsible Research and Innovation: the
Four "P"s 202 11.3 Building a Framework for RRI in ICT 203 11.3.1 Product:
ICTs and Their Ethical Implications 203 11.3.2 People: Landscape of ICT
Ethics 208 11.3.3 Process: Governance of RRI in ICT 212 11.4 Critical
Reflections 214 11.4.1 The Meta-Responsibilities of RRI 214 11.4.2 Further
Research 215 12. Deliberation and Responsible Innovation: a Geoengineering
Case Study 219 Karen Parkhill, Nick Pidgeon, Adam Corner, and Naomi Vaughan
12.1 Introduction 219 12.2 Public Perceptions of Geoengineering 222 12.3
Exploring Public Perceptions of Geoengineering: an Empirical Study 223
12.3.1 Context 223 12.3.2 Method: Deliberating SPICE 224 12.3.3 Analysis
225 12.4 Public Perceptions of Geoengineering through the Lens of
Responsible Innovation 226 12.4.1 Intentions 226 12.4.2 Responsibility 229
12.4.3 Impacts 231 12.4.4 The Role of the Public 232 12.5 Conclusion:
Geoengineering - Responsible Innovation? 234 13. Visions, Hype, and
Expectations: a Place for Responsibility 241 Elena Simakova and Christopher
Coenen 13.1 Introduction 241 13.2 The Repertoires of Nano Futures 243 13.3
Narratives of Responsibility 253 13.3.1 Narrative 1: Nanofutures, Boundary
Work and Technology Assessment Activities in the US and Germany 253 13.3.2
Narrative 2: Responsibility as Knowledge and Technology Transfer in the
United States 256 13.4 Narratives, Visions and Conflicts: Lessons for RRI?
259 Endnotes: Building Capacity for Responsible Innovation 269 Jonny
Hankins Building Capacity for Responsible Innovation: Awareness and
Engagement 271 Less Stick and More Carrot: Building Capacity through
Education 272 Index 275