William E. Martin, Krista D. Bridgmon
Quantitative and Statistical Research Methods
From Hypothesis to Results
William E. Martin, Krista D. Bridgmon
Quantitative and Statistical Research Methods
From Hypothesis to Results
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Quantitative and Statistical Research Methods offers a guide for psychology, counseling, and education students in the use of statistics and research designs, combined with guidance on using SPSS in the course of their research. Each chapter covers a research problem, taking the student through identifying research questions and hypotheses; identifying, classifying, and operationally defining the study variables; choosing appropriate research designs; conducting power analysis; choosing an appropriate statistic for the problem; using a data set; conducting data screening and analyses (SPSS);…mehr
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Quantitative and Statistical Research Methods offers a guide for psychology, counseling, and education students in the use of statistics and research designs, combined with guidance on using SPSS in the course of their research. Each chapter covers a research problem, taking the student through identifying research questions and hypotheses; identifying, classifying, and operationally defining the study variables; choosing appropriate research designs; conducting power analysis; choosing an appropriate statistic for the problem; using a data set; conducting data screening and analyses (SPSS); interpreting the statistics; and writing the results related to the problem. Designed so students will know how to plan research and conduct statistical analyses using several different procedures.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Research Methods for the Social Sciences .
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 496
- Erscheinungstermin: 21. August 2012
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 234mm x 178mm x 25mm
- Gewicht: 794g
- ISBN-13: 9780470631829
- ISBN-10: 0470631821
- Artikelnr.: 35055467
- Research Methods for the Social Sciences .
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 496
- Erscheinungstermin: 21. August 2012
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 234mm x 178mm x 25mm
- Gewicht: 794g
- ISBN-13: 9780470631829
- ISBN-10: 0470631821
- Artikelnr.: 35055467
William E. Martin, EdD, is a professor and past chair of educational psychology in the College of Education, Northern Arizona University. He also served as senior scholar in the university's Faculty Research Center. His research areas are psychometric assessment, counselor development, psychosocial adjustment, and person-environment-based prevention and intervention methods. Krista D. Bridgmon, PhD, is an assistant professor of psychology at Colorado State University-Pueblo. Her research areas are doctoral student attrition, stress and coping, school counseling, and sport psychology.
Tables and Figures ix Preface xvii The Authors xix Chapter 1 Introduction
and Overview 1 Review of Foundational Research Concepts 3 Review of
Foundational Statistical Information 6 The Normal Distribution 14 Chapter 2
Logical Steps of Conducting Quantitative Research: Hypothesis-Testing
Process 29 Hypothesis-Testing Process 30 Chapter 3 Maximizing Hypothesis
Decisions Using Power Analysis 39 Balance between Avoiding Type I and Type
II Errors 41 Chapter 4 Research and Statistical Designs 53 Formulating
Experimental Conditions 54 Reducing the Imprecision in Measurement 55
Controlling Extraneous Experimental Influences 57 Internal Validity and
Experimental Designs 59 Choosing a Statistic to Use for an Analysis 67
Chapter 5 Introduction to IBM SPSS 20 77 The IBM SPSS 20 Data View Screen
80 Naming and Defining Variables in Variable View 80 Entering Data 86
Examples of Basic Analyses 87 Examples of Modifying Data Procedures 96
Chapter 6 Diagnosing Study Data for Inaccuracies and Assumptions 99
Research Example 100 Chapter 7 Randomized Design Comparing Two Treatments
and a Control Using a One-Way Analysis of Variance 129 Research Problem 130
Study Variables 131 Research Design 133 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive)
Research Question 135 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 136 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 137 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
138 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 143 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 144 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and
Confidence Intervals 162 Formula Calculations of the Study Results 166
Chapter 8 Repeated-Treatment Design Using a Repeated-Measures Analysis of
Variance 183 Research Problem 184 Study Variables 185 Research Design 186
Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question 189 Hypothesis
Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 190
Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) 191
Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the
True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power 192 Hypothesis Testing
Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test
the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 195 Hypothesis Testing Step 5: Select Sample,
Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability
Estimates 196 Hypothesis Testing Step 6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and
Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals 216 Formula
Calculations of the Study Results 218 Chapter 9 Randomized Factorial
Experimental Design Using a Factorial ANOVA 231 Research Problem 232 Study
Variables 232 Research Design 233 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive)
Research Questions 237 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 238 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 240 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
241 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 247 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 248 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and
Confidence Intervals 271 Formula Calculations of the Study Results 278
Chapter 10 Analysis of Covariance 297 Research Problem 298 Study Variables
299 Research Design 300 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research
Question 301 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 301 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 302 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
302 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 306 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 307 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and
Confidence Intervals 324 Formula ANCOVA Calculations of the Study Results
327 ANCOVA Study Results 339 Chapter 11 Randomized Control Group and
Repeated-Treatment Designs and Nonparametics 345 Research Problem 346 Study
Variables 346 Research Design 347 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive)
Research Question 349 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 349 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 350 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
350 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 354 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 355 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes 370
Formula Calculations 376 Nonparametric Research Problem Two: Friedman's
Rank Test for Correlated Samples and Wilcoxon's Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks
Test 382 Chapter 12 Bivariate and Multivariate Correlation Methods Using
Multiple Regression Analysis 401 Research Problem 402 Study Variables 402
Research Method 403 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question
405 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative (Research)
Hypothesis (Ha) 405 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the Null
Hypothesis (H0) 406 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
406 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 407 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 407 Hand Calculations of
Statistics 423 Chapter 13 Understanding Quantitative Literature and
Research 439 Interpretation of a Quantitative Research Article 440
References 461 Index 465
and Overview 1 Review of Foundational Research Concepts 3 Review of
Foundational Statistical Information 6 The Normal Distribution 14 Chapter 2
Logical Steps of Conducting Quantitative Research: Hypothesis-Testing
Process 29 Hypothesis-Testing Process 30 Chapter 3 Maximizing Hypothesis
Decisions Using Power Analysis 39 Balance between Avoiding Type I and Type
II Errors 41 Chapter 4 Research and Statistical Designs 53 Formulating
Experimental Conditions 54 Reducing the Imprecision in Measurement 55
Controlling Extraneous Experimental Influences 57 Internal Validity and
Experimental Designs 59 Choosing a Statistic to Use for an Analysis 67
Chapter 5 Introduction to IBM SPSS 20 77 The IBM SPSS 20 Data View Screen
80 Naming and Defining Variables in Variable View 80 Entering Data 86
Examples of Basic Analyses 87 Examples of Modifying Data Procedures 96
Chapter 6 Diagnosing Study Data for Inaccuracies and Assumptions 99
Research Example 100 Chapter 7 Randomized Design Comparing Two Treatments
and a Control Using a One-Way Analysis of Variance 129 Research Problem 130
Study Variables 131 Research Design 133 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive)
Research Question 135 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 136 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 137 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
138 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 143 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 144 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and
Confidence Intervals 162 Formula Calculations of the Study Results 166
Chapter 8 Repeated-Treatment Design Using a Repeated-Measures Analysis of
Variance 183 Research Problem 184 Study Variables 185 Research Design 186
Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question 189 Hypothesis
Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 190
Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) 191
Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the
True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power 192 Hypothesis Testing
Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test
the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 195 Hypothesis Testing Step 5: Select Sample,
Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability
Estimates 196 Hypothesis Testing Step 6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and
Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals 216 Formula
Calculations of the Study Results 218 Chapter 9 Randomized Factorial
Experimental Design Using a Factorial ANOVA 231 Research Problem 232 Study
Variables 232 Research Design 233 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive)
Research Questions 237 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 238 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 240 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
241 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 247 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 248 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and
Confidence Intervals 271 Formula Calculations of the Study Results 278
Chapter 10 Analysis of Covariance 297 Research Problem 298 Study Variables
299 Research Design 300 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research
Question 301 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 301 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 302 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
302 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 306 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 307 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and
Confidence Intervals 324 Formula ANCOVA Calculations of the Study Results
327 ANCOVA Study Results 339 Chapter 11 Randomized Control Group and
Repeated-Treatment Designs and Nonparametics 345 Research Problem 346 Study
Variables 346 Research Design 347 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive)
Research Question 349 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 349 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 350 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
350 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 354 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 355 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes 370
Formula Calculations 376 Nonparametric Research Problem Two: Friedman's
Rank Test for Correlated Samples and Wilcoxon's Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks
Test 382 Chapter 12 Bivariate and Multivariate Correlation Methods Using
Multiple Regression Analysis 401 Research Problem 402 Study Variables 402
Research Method 403 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question
405 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative (Research)
Hypothesis (Ha) 405 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the Null
Hypothesis (H0) 406 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
406 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 407 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 407 Hand Calculations of
Statistics 423 Chapter 13 Understanding Quantitative Literature and
Research 439 Interpretation of a Quantitative Research Article 440
References 461 Index 465
Tables and Figures ix Preface xvii The Authors xix Chapter 1 Introduction
and Overview 1 Review of Foundational Research Concepts 3 Review of
Foundational Statistical Information 6 The Normal Distribution 14 Chapter 2
Logical Steps of Conducting Quantitative Research: Hypothesis-Testing
Process 29 Hypothesis-Testing Process 30 Chapter 3 Maximizing Hypothesis
Decisions Using Power Analysis 39 Balance between Avoiding Type I and Type
II Errors 41 Chapter 4 Research and Statistical Designs 53 Formulating
Experimental Conditions 54 Reducing the Imprecision in Measurement 55
Controlling Extraneous Experimental Influences 57 Internal Validity and
Experimental Designs 59 Choosing a Statistic to Use for an Analysis 67
Chapter 5 Introduction to IBM SPSS 20 77 The IBM SPSS 20 Data View Screen
80 Naming and Defining Variables in Variable View 80 Entering Data 86
Examples of Basic Analyses 87 Examples of Modifying Data Procedures 96
Chapter 6 Diagnosing Study Data for Inaccuracies and Assumptions 99
Research Example 100 Chapter 7 Randomized Design Comparing Two Treatments
and a Control Using a One-Way Analysis of Variance 129 Research Problem 130
Study Variables 131 Research Design 133 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive)
Research Question 135 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 136 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 137 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
138 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 143 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 144 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and
Confidence Intervals 162 Formula Calculations of the Study Results 166
Chapter 8 Repeated-Treatment Design Using a Repeated-Measures Analysis of
Variance 183 Research Problem 184 Study Variables 185 Research Design 186
Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question 189 Hypothesis
Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 190
Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) 191
Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the
True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power 192 Hypothesis Testing
Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test
the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 195 Hypothesis Testing Step 5: Select Sample,
Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability
Estimates 196 Hypothesis Testing Step 6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and
Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals 216 Formula
Calculations of the Study Results 218 Chapter 9 Randomized Factorial
Experimental Design Using a Factorial ANOVA 231 Research Problem 232 Study
Variables 232 Research Design 233 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive)
Research Questions 237 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 238 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 240 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
241 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 247 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 248 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and
Confidence Intervals 271 Formula Calculations of the Study Results 278
Chapter 10 Analysis of Covariance 297 Research Problem 298 Study Variables
299 Research Design 300 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research
Question 301 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 301 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 302 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
302 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 306 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 307 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and
Confidence Intervals 324 Formula ANCOVA Calculations of the Study Results
327 ANCOVA Study Results 339 Chapter 11 Randomized Control Group and
Repeated-Treatment Designs and Nonparametics 345 Research Problem 346 Study
Variables 346 Research Design 347 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive)
Research Question 349 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 349 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 350 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
350 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 354 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 355 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes 370
Formula Calculations 376 Nonparametric Research Problem Two: Friedman's
Rank Test for Correlated Samples and Wilcoxon's Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks
Test 382 Chapter 12 Bivariate and Multivariate Correlation Methods Using
Multiple Regression Analysis 401 Research Problem 402 Study Variables 402
Research Method 403 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question
405 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative (Research)
Hypothesis (Ha) 405 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the Null
Hypothesis (H0) 406 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
406 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 407 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 407 Hand Calculations of
Statistics 423 Chapter 13 Understanding Quantitative Literature and
Research 439 Interpretation of a Quantitative Research Article 440
References 461 Index 465
and Overview 1 Review of Foundational Research Concepts 3 Review of
Foundational Statistical Information 6 The Normal Distribution 14 Chapter 2
Logical Steps of Conducting Quantitative Research: Hypothesis-Testing
Process 29 Hypothesis-Testing Process 30 Chapter 3 Maximizing Hypothesis
Decisions Using Power Analysis 39 Balance between Avoiding Type I and Type
II Errors 41 Chapter 4 Research and Statistical Designs 53 Formulating
Experimental Conditions 54 Reducing the Imprecision in Measurement 55
Controlling Extraneous Experimental Influences 57 Internal Validity and
Experimental Designs 59 Choosing a Statistic to Use for an Analysis 67
Chapter 5 Introduction to IBM SPSS 20 77 The IBM SPSS 20 Data View Screen
80 Naming and Defining Variables in Variable View 80 Entering Data 86
Examples of Basic Analyses 87 Examples of Modifying Data Procedures 96
Chapter 6 Diagnosing Study Data for Inaccuracies and Assumptions 99
Research Example 100 Chapter 7 Randomized Design Comparing Two Treatments
and a Control Using a One-Way Analysis of Variance 129 Research Problem 130
Study Variables 131 Research Design 133 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive)
Research Question 135 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 136 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 137 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
138 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 143 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 144 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and
Confidence Intervals 162 Formula Calculations of the Study Results 166
Chapter 8 Repeated-Treatment Design Using a Repeated-Measures Analysis of
Variance 183 Research Problem 184 Study Variables 185 Research Design 186
Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question 189 Hypothesis
Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 190
Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) 191
Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the
True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power 192 Hypothesis Testing
Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test
the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 195 Hypothesis Testing Step 5: Select Sample,
Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability
Estimates 196 Hypothesis Testing Step 6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and
Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals 216 Formula
Calculations of the Study Results 218 Chapter 9 Randomized Factorial
Experimental Design Using a Factorial ANOVA 231 Research Problem 232 Study
Variables 232 Research Design 233 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive)
Research Questions 237 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 238 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 240 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
241 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 247 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 248 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and
Confidence Intervals 271 Formula Calculations of the Study Results 278
Chapter 10 Analysis of Covariance 297 Research Problem 298 Study Variables
299 Research Design 300 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research
Question 301 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 301 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 302 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
302 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 306 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 307 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and
Confidence Intervals 324 Formula ANCOVA Calculations of the Study Results
327 ANCOVA Study Results 339 Chapter 11 Randomized Control Group and
Repeated-Treatment Designs and Nonparametics 345 Research Problem 346 Study
Variables 346 Research Design 347 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive)
Research Question 349 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative
(Research) Hypothesis (Ha) 349 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the
Null Hypothesis (H0) 350 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
350 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 354 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 355 Hypothesis Testing Step
6: Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes 370
Formula Calculations 376 Nonparametric Research Problem Two: Friedman's
Rank Test for Correlated Samples and Wilcoxon's Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks
Test 382 Chapter 12 Bivariate and Multivariate Correlation Methods Using
Multiple Regression Analysis 401 Research Problem 402 Study Variables 402
Research Method 403 Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question
405 Hypothesis Testing Step 1: Establish the Alternative (Research)
Hypothesis (Ha) 405 Hypothesis Testing Step 2: Establish the Null
Hypothesis (H0) 406 Hypothesis Testing Step 3: Decide on a Risk Level
(Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power
406 Hypothesis Testing Step 4: Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its
Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True 407 Hypothesis
Testing Step 5: Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute
Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates 407 Hand Calculations of
Statistics 423 Chapter 13 Understanding Quantitative Literature and
Research 439 Interpretation of a Quantitative Research Article 440
References 461 Index 465