Andere Kunden interessierten sich auch für
![Political Parties in the United States 1800-1914: A List of References]( "Political Parties in the United States 1800-1914: A List of References")
Political Parties in the United States 1800-1914: A List of References31,99 €![In what ways and to what extent are the establishment of the Single Market and the Euro changing the ways in which the European Union and its member states are governed?]( "In what ways and to what extent are the establishment of the Single Market and the Euro changing the ways in which the European Union and its member states are governed?")
In what ways and to what extent are the establishment of the Single Market and the Euro changing the ways in which the European Union and its member states are governed?15,95 €![EU Treaties and the Judicial Politics of National Courts]( "EU Treaties and the Judicial Politics of National Courts")
EU Treaties and the Judicial Politics of National Courts202,99 €![Historical References in Support of the Remarks On the Erroneous Opinions Entertained Respecting the Catholic Religion]( "Historical References in Support of the Remarks On the Erroneous Opinions Entertained Respecting the Catholic Religion")
Historical References in Support of the Remarks On the Erroneous Opinions Entertained Respecting the Catholic Religion28,99 €![Preliminary Report to the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Chicago]( "Preliminary Report to the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Chicago")
Preliminary Report to the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Chicago31,99 €![London Life at the Police-Courts]( "London Life at the Police-Courts")
London Life at the Police-Courts37,99 €![The Contribution of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia to the Establishment of a Hybrid Tribunal Model]( "The Contribution of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia to the Establishment of a Hybrid Tribunal Model")
The Contribution of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia to the Establishment of a Hybrid Tribunal Model17,95 €
Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 1.5, University of Bern, language: English, abstract: AbstractThere is a broad consensus that courts play a significant role in the process of European integration. By giving rulings on preliminary references the European Court of Justice (ECJ) asserted the two central principles "supremacy" and "direct effect", which transformed the treaty into something like a constitution. The interaction between national judges and the ECJ through the preliminary reference procedure eased this process, but not all member states used this possibility in the same degree. Whereas German, Italian and Austrian judges widely used this procedure in recent years, other countries like France, Ireland, Spain and Portugal hardly did. In this empirical analysis, which is based on data covering all current member states, I try to find some general explanations and fundamental aspects of variance in preliminary references by applying Europeanization and political-institutional theory.