The distinction between basic and applied research was central to twentieth-century science and policymaking, and if this framework has been contested in recent years, it nonetheless remains ubiquitous in both scientific and public discourse. Employing a transnational, diachronic perspective informed by historical semantics, this volume traces the conceptual history of the basic-applied distinction from the nineteenth century to today, taking stock of European developments alongside comparative case studies from the United States and China. It shows how an older dichotomy of pure and applied…mehr
The distinction between basic and applied research was central to twentieth-century science and policymaking, and if this framework has been contested in recent years, it nonetheless remains ubiquitous in both scientific and public discourse. Employing a transnational, diachronic perspective informed by historical semantics, this volume traces the conceptual history of the basic-applied distinction from the nineteenth century to today, taking stock of European developments alongside comparative case studies from the United States and China. It shows how an older dichotomy of pure and applied science was reconceived in response to rapid scientific progress and then further transformed by the geopolitical circumstances of the postwar era.
Désirée Schauz is an associate researcher at the Leibniz Centre for Contemporary History Potsdam. She holds a PhD in modern history from the University of Cologne and earned her habilitation in the history of science and technology at the Technical University of Munich. She has published widely on the role of concepts in science and research policy. Her latest book deals with the history of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities (1914-1965).
Inhaltsangabe
List of Figures Preface List of Abbreviations Introduction: Why Do Concepts Matter in Science Policy? Désirée Schauz and David Kaldewey PART I: GENEALOGIES OF SCIENCE POLICY DISCOURSES Chapter 1. Categorizing Science in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth-Century Britain Robert Bud Chapter 2. Professional Devotion, National Needs, Fascist Claims, and Democratic Virtues: The Language of Science Policy in Germany Désirée Schauz and Gregor Lax Chapter 3. Transforming Pure Science into Basic Research: The Language of Science Policy in the United States David Kaldewey and Désirée Schauz PART II: CONCEPTUAL SYNCHRONIZATION AND CULTURAL VARIATION Chapter 4. Fundamental Research and New Scientific Arrangements for the Development of Britain's Colonies after 1940 Sabine Clarke Chapter 5. Basic Research in the Max Planck Society: Science Policy in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945-1970 Carola Sachse Chapter 6. Beyond the Basic/Applied Distinction?: The Scientific-Technological Revolution in the German Democratic Republic, 1945-1989 Manuel Schramm Chapter 7. Applied Science in Stalin's Time: Hungary, 1945-1953 György Péteri Chapter 8. Theory Attached to Practice: Chinese Debates over Basic Research from Thought Remolding to the Bomb, 1949-1966 Zuoyue Wang PART III: OUTLOOK Chapter 9. The Language of Science Policy in the Twenty-First Century: What Comes after Basic and Applied Research? Tim Flink and David Kaldewey Indexes
List of Figures Preface List of Abbreviations Introduction: Why Do Concepts Matter in Science Policy? Désirée Schauz and David Kaldewey PART I: GENEALOGIES OF SCIENCE POLICY DISCOURSES Chapter 1. Categorizing Science in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth-Century Britain Robert Bud Chapter 2. Professional Devotion, National Needs, Fascist Claims, and Democratic Virtues: The Language of Science Policy in Germany Désirée Schauz and Gregor Lax Chapter 3. Transforming Pure Science into Basic Research: The Language of Science Policy in the United States David Kaldewey and Désirée Schauz PART II: CONCEPTUAL SYNCHRONIZATION AND CULTURAL VARIATION Chapter 4. Fundamental Research and New Scientific Arrangements for the Development of Britain's Colonies after 1940 Sabine Clarke Chapter 5. Basic Research in the Max Planck Society: Science Policy in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945-1970 Carola Sachse Chapter 6. Beyond the Basic/Applied Distinction?: The Scientific-Technological Revolution in the German Democratic Republic, 1945-1989 Manuel Schramm Chapter 7. Applied Science in Stalin's Time: Hungary, 1945-1953 György Péteri Chapter 8. Theory Attached to Practice: Chinese Debates over Basic Research from Thought Remolding to the Bomb, 1949-1966 Zuoyue Wang PART III: OUTLOOK Chapter 9. The Language of Science Policy in the Twenty-First Century: What Comes after Basic and Applied Research? Tim Flink and David Kaldewey Indexes
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