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Wireless Personal Area Networks provides an in-depth analysis of the recent IEEE 802.15.4 standard for low data rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs), including suggestions to improve performance and comparisons with the related 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) standard. It assesses the suitability of the standard for the development and deployment of wireless sensor networks as well as providing guidance and insight into the relative advantages and disadvantages of various performance solutions. Wireless Personal Area Networks: * Provides a comprehensive, in-depth look at the issues surrounding…mehr
Wireless Personal Area Networks provides an in-depth analysis of the recent IEEE 802.15.4 standard for low data rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs), including suggestions to improve performance and comparisons with the related 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) standard. It assesses the suitability of the standard for the development and deployment of wireless sensor networks as well as providing guidance and insight into the relative advantages and disadvantages of various performance solutions. Wireless Personal Area Networks: * Provides a comprehensive, in-depth look at the issues surrounding WPAN network operation and performance. * Investigates multi-cluster networks and compares how they can be implemented. * Analyzes the performance of a single cluster under different traffic and power management regimes including uplink vs. downlink traffic, acknowledged vs. unacknowledged traffic, saturation vs. non-saturation, and the like. * Discusses security issues in WPANs such as different security threats, their impact on performance, standard security mechanisms, and security policies. * Compares the IEEE 802.15.4 standard with the related Bluetooth IEEE 802.15.1 standard in terms of suitability for implementing wireless sensor networks. This reference is a valuable tool for developers and researchers getting acquainted with various aspects of IEEE 802.15.4 technology. Graduate students studying courses such as Performance Evaluation, Wireless Sensor Networks and Queuing Theory will also find this book very insightful.
Dr. Jelena V. Misic, University of Manitoba, Canada An associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Manitoba, Canada, Dr. Misic's research interests include wireless sensor networks, WPLANs, WLANs, AD-HOC networks, mesh networks, network security and performance evaluation. Misic has won several awards including Best Paper of the Workshop award at the Proc. HWISE 2005 workshop in the IEEE ICPADS 2005 conference, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Misic is also the author of Performance Modeling and Analysis of Bluetooth Networks (crc Press 2005) as well as numerous book chapters and journal papers. Dr. Vojislav B. Misic, University of Manitoba, Canada Dr. Misic is an Associate Professor with Tenure in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Manitoba, Canada with research interests including service based computing, performance analysis of wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks, and software engineering. The co-author of several books in Serbian and Performance Modeling and Analysis of Bluetooth Networks (crc Press 2005), Dr Misic has also contributed chapters to other books and published numerous journal and conference papers.
Inhaltsangabe
Contents Preface I Prologue: WPANs and 802.15.4 1 1 Wireless Personal Area Networks 1.1 Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 1.2 Design Goals for the MAC Protocol 1.3 Classification of MAC Protocols For Ad Hoc Networks 1.4 Contention-Based MAC Protocols 1.5 New Kinds of Ad Hoc Networks 1.6 Sensor Networks 2 Operation of the IEEE 802.15.4 network 2.1 Physical Layer Characteristics 2.2 Star Topology and Beacon Enabled Operation 2.3 Slotted CSMA-CA Medium Access 2.4 Acknowledging Successful Transmissions 2.5 Downlink Communication in Beacon Enabled Mode 2.6 Guaranteed Time Slots 2.7 Peer-to-Peer Topology and Non-Beacon Enabled Operation 2.8 Device Functionality and Cluster Formation 2.9 Format of the PHY and MAC frames II Single-Cluster Networks 3 Cluster with Uplink Traffic 3.1 The System Model - Preliminaries 3.2 Superframe With an Active Period Only 3.3 Superframe With Both Active and Inactive Periods 3.4 Probability Distribution of the Packet Service Time 3.5 Probability Distribution of the Queue Length 3.6 Access Delay 3.7 Performance Results 4 Cluster With Uplink And Downlink Traffic 4.1 The System Model 4.2 Modeling the Behavior of the Medium 4.3 Probability Distribution For the Packet Service Time 4.4 Performance of the Cluster With Bidirectional Traffic 5 MAC Layer Performance Limitations 5.1 Congestion of Packets Deferred to The Next Superframe 5.2 Congestion After The Inactive Period 5.3 Congestion of Uplink Data Requests 5.4 Blocking of Uplink Data and Data Requests 5.5 Possible Remedies 6 Activity Management Through Bernoulli Scheduling 6.1 The Need For Activity Management 6.2 Analysis of Activity Management 6.3 Analysis of the Impact of MAC and PHY Layers 6.4 Controlling the Event Sensing Reliability 6.5 Activity Management Policy 7 Admission Control Issues 7.1 The Need for Admission Control 7.2 Performance Under Asymmetric Packet Arrival Rates 7.3 Calculating the Admission Condition 7.4 Performance of Admission Control Summary and Further Reading III Multi-Cluster Networks 8 Cluster InterconnectionWith Master-Slave Bridges 8.1 Analysis of Bridge Operation 8.2 Markov Chain Model for A Single Node 8.3 Performance of the Network 8.4 Network with a Single Source Cluster/Bridge 8.5 Network with Two Source Clusters/Bridges 8.6 Modeling the Transmission Medium and Packet Service Times 9 Equalization of Cluster Lifetimes 9.1 Modeling the Clusters 9.2 Distributed Activity Management 9.3 Energy Consumption in Interconnected Clusters 9.4 Performance of activity management 10 Cluster Interconnection with Slave-Slave Bridges 10.1 Operation of the SS Bridge 10.2 Markov Chain Model for the SS Bridge 10.3 Markov Chain for Non-Bridge Nodes 10.4 Performance Evaluation 10.5 To Acknowledge or Not To Acknowledge: The CSMA-CA Bridge 10.6 Thou Shalt Not Acknowledge: The GTS Bridge 10.7 Modeling the Transmission Medium and Packet Service Times Summary and Further Reading IV Security 11 Security in 802.15.4 Specification 11.1 Security Services 11.2 Auxiliary Security Header 11.3 Securing and Unsecuring Frames 11.4 Attacks 12 The Cost of Secure and Reliable Sensing 12.1 Analytical Model of a Generic Key Update Algorithm 12.2 Analysis of the Node Buffer 12.3 Success Probabilities 12.4 Key Update in a Multi-Cluster Network 12.5 Cluster Lifetime 12.6 Evaluation of Lifetimes and Populations Summary and Further Reading V Appendices A An Overview of ZigBee A.1 ZigBee Functionality A.2 Device Roles A.3 Network Topologies and Routing A.4 Security B Probability generating functions and Laplace transforms Bibliography
Contents Preface I Prologue: WPANs and 802.15.4 1 1 Wireless Personal Area Networks 1.1 Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 1.2 Design Goals for the MAC Protocol 1.3 Classification of MAC Protocols For Ad Hoc Networks 1.4 Contention-Based MAC Protocols 1.5 New Kinds of Ad Hoc Networks 1.6 Sensor Networks 2 Operation of the IEEE 802.15.4 network 2.1 Physical Layer Characteristics 2.2 Star Topology and Beacon Enabled Operation 2.3 Slotted CSMA-CA Medium Access 2.4 Acknowledging Successful Transmissions 2.5 Downlink Communication in Beacon Enabled Mode 2.6 Guaranteed Time Slots 2.7 Peer-to-Peer Topology and Non-Beacon Enabled Operation 2.8 Device Functionality and Cluster Formation 2.9 Format of the PHY and MAC frames II Single-Cluster Networks 3 Cluster with Uplink Traffic 3.1 The System Model - Preliminaries 3.2 Superframe With an Active Period Only 3.3 Superframe With Both Active and Inactive Periods 3.4 Probability Distribution of the Packet Service Time 3.5 Probability Distribution of the Queue Length 3.6 Access Delay 3.7 Performance Results 4 Cluster With Uplink And Downlink Traffic 4.1 The System Model 4.2 Modeling the Behavior of the Medium 4.3 Probability Distribution For the Packet Service Time 4.4 Performance of the Cluster With Bidirectional Traffic 5 MAC Layer Performance Limitations 5.1 Congestion of Packets Deferred to The Next Superframe 5.2 Congestion After The Inactive Period 5.3 Congestion of Uplink Data Requests 5.4 Blocking of Uplink Data and Data Requests 5.5 Possible Remedies 6 Activity Management Through Bernoulli Scheduling 6.1 The Need For Activity Management 6.2 Analysis of Activity Management 6.3 Analysis of the Impact of MAC and PHY Layers 6.4 Controlling the Event Sensing Reliability 6.5 Activity Management Policy 7 Admission Control Issues 7.1 The Need for Admission Control 7.2 Performance Under Asymmetric Packet Arrival Rates 7.3 Calculating the Admission Condition 7.4 Performance of Admission Control Summary and Further Reading III Multi-Cluster Networks 8 Cluster InterconnectionWith Master-Slave Bridges 8.1 Analysis of Bridge Operation 8.2 Markov Chain Model for A Single Node 8.3 Performance of the Network 8.4 Network with a Single Source Cluster/Bridge 8.5 Network with Two Source Clusters/Bridges 8.6 Modeling the Transmission Medium and Packet Service Times 9 Equalization of Cluster Lifetimes 9.1 Modeling the Clusters 9.2 Distributed Activity Management 9.3 Energy Consumption in Interconnected Clusters 9.4 Performance of activity management 10 Cluster Interconnection with Slave-Slave Bridges 10.1 Operation of the SS Bridge 10.2 Markov Chain Model for the SS Bridge 10.3 Markov Chain for Non-Bridge Nodes 10.4 Performance Evaluation 10.5 To Acknowledge or Not To Acknowledge: The CSMA-CA Bridge 10.6 Thou Shalt Not Acknowledge: The GTS Bridge 10.7 Modeling the Transmission Medium and Packet Service Times Summary and Further Reading IV Security 11 Security in 802.15.4 Specification 11.1 Security Services 11.2 Auxiliary Security Header 11.3 Securing and Unsecuring Frames 11.4 Attacks 12 The Cost of Secure and Reliable Sensing 12.1 Analytical Model of a Generic Key Update Algorithm 12.2 Analysis of the Node Buffer 12.3 Success Probabilities 12.4 Key Update in a Multi-Cluster Network 12.5 Cluster Lifetime 12.6 Evaluation of Lifetimes and Populations Summary and Further Reading V Appendices A An Overview of ZigBee A.1 ZigBee Functionality A.2 Device Roles A.3 Network Topologies and Routing A.4 Security B Probability generating functions and Laplace transforms Bibliography
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