Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (eBook, PDF)
Cutting Edge Directions
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Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (eBook, PDF)
Cutting Edge Directions
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"An excellent book for those who are interested in learning the current status of research and development . . . [and] who want to get a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art." --E-Streams This book provides up-to-date information on research and development in the rapidly growing area of networks based on the multihop ad hoc networking paradigm. It reviews all classes of networks that have successfully adopted this paradigm, pointing out how they penetrated the mass market and sparked breakthrough research. Covering both physical issues and applications, Mobile Ad Hoc…mehr
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"An excellent book for those who are interested in learning the current status of research and development . . . [and] who want to get a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art." --E-Streams This book provides up-to-date information on research and development in the rapidly growing area of networks based on the multihop ad hoc networking paradigm. It reviews all classes of networks that have successfully adopted this paradigm, pointing out how they penetrated the mass market and sparked breakthrough research. Covering both physical issues and applications, Mobile Ad Hoc Networking: Cutting Edge Directions offers useful tools for professionals and researchers in diverse areas wishing to learn about the latest trends in sensor, actuator, and robot networking, mesh networks, delay tolerant and opportunistic networking, and vehicular networks. Chapter coverage includes: * Multihop ad hoc networking * Enabling technologies and standards for mobile multihop wireless networking * Resource optimization in multiradio multichannel wireless mesh networks * QoS in mesh networks * Routing and data dissemination in opportunistic networks * Task farming in crowd computing * Mobility models, topology, and simulations in VANET * MAC protocols for VANET * Wireless sensor networks with energy harvesting nodes * Robot-assisted wireless sensor networks: recent applications and future challenges * Advances in underwater acoustic networking * Security in wireless ad hoc networks Mobile Ad Hoc Networking will appeal to researchers, developers, and students interested in computer science, electrical engineering, and telecommunications.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 888
- Erscheinungstermin: 15. Februar 2013
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118511244
- Artikelnr.: 37755610
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 888
- Erscheinungstermin: 15. Februar 2013
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118511244
- Artikelnr.: 37755610
STEFANO BASAGNI, PhD, is on the faculty in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Northeastern University, in Boston, Massachusetts, where he is currently Associate Professor. MARCO CONTI, PhD, is Research Director of the Italian National Research Council (CNR). He is the head of the Ubiquitous Internet Lab at the CNR Institute for Informatics and Telematics (IIT-CNR). SILVIA GIORDANO, PhD, is Professor at the University of Applied Science of Southern Switzerland, SUPSI, where she is head of the Networking Lab in the Department of Technology and Innovation (DTI). IVAN STOJMENOVIC, PhD, is Professor at the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a visiting scholar in China (Tsinghua 1000 Plan Distinguished Professor, Tsinghua University in Beijing, 2012-15), Germany (Humboldt Research Award, 2013-14), Japan and Serbia.
PREFACE xiii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv
CONTRIBUTORS xvii
PART I GENERAL ISSUES
1 Multihop Ad Hoc Networking: The Evolutionary Path 3
Marco Conti and Silvia Giordano
1.1 Introduction, 3
1.2 MANET Research: Major Achievements and Lessons Learned, 5
1.3 Multihop Ad Hoc Networks: From Theory to Reality, 16
1.4 Summary and Conclusions, 25
2 Enabling Technologies and Standards for Mobile Multihop Wireless Networking 34
Enzo Mingozzi and Claudio Cicconetti
2.1 Introduction, 35
2.2 Broadband Wireless Access Technologies, 37
2.3 Wireless Local Area Networks Technologies, 43
2.4 Personal Area Networks Technologies, 53
2.5 Mobility Support in Heterogeneous Scenarios, 65
2.6 Conclusions, 67
3 Application Scenarios 77
Ilias Leontiadis, Ettore Ferranti, Cecilia Mascolo, Liam McNamara, Bence Pasztor, Niki Trigoni, and Sonia Waharte
3.1 Introduction, 78
3.2 Military Applications, 79
3.3 Network Connectivity, 81
3.4 Wireless Sensor Networks, 84
3.5 Search and Rescue, 89
3.6 Vehicular Networks, 93
3.7 Personal Content Dissemination, 96
3.8 Conclusions, 98
4 Security in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 106
Roberto Di Pietro and Josep Domingo-Ferrer
4.1 Introduction, 106
4.2 Wireless Sensor Networks, 110
4.3 Unattended WSN, 125
4.4 Wireless Mesh Networks, 130
4.5 Delay-Tolerant Networks, 134
4.6 Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), 137
4.7 Conclusions and Open Research Issues, 144
5 Architectural Solutions for End-User Mobility 154
Salvatore Vanini and Anna Forster
5.1 Introduction, 154
5.2 Mesh Networks, 155
5.3 Wireless Sensor Networks, 182
5.4 Conclusion, 188
6 ExperimentalWork Versus Simulation in the Study of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 191
Carlo Vallati, Victor Omwando, and Prasant Mohapatra
6.1 Introduction, 191
6.2 Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Simulation Tools and Experimental Platforms, 192
6.3 Gap Between Simulations and Experiments: Issues and Factors, 199
6.4 Good Simulations: Validation, Verification, and Calibration, 220
6.5 Simulators and Testbeds: Future Prospects, 226
6.6 Conclusion, 228
PART II MESH NETWORKING
7 Resource Optimization in Multiradio Multichannel Wireless Mesh Networks 241
Antonio Capone, Ilario Filippini, Stefano Gualandi, and Di Yuan
7.1 Introduction, 242
7.2 Network and Interference Models, 244
7.3 Maximum Link Activation Under the SINR Model, 245
7.4 Optimal Link Scheduling, 247
7.5 Joint Routing and Scheduling, 254
7.6 Dealing with Channel Assignment and Directional Antennas, 257
7.7 Cooperative Networking, 263
7.8 Concluding Remarks and Future Issues, 269
8 Quality of Service in Mesh Networks 275
Raffaele Bruno
8.1 Introduction, 275
8.2 QoS Definition, 277
8.3 A Taxonomy of Existing QoS Routing Approaches, 278
8.4 Routing Protocols with Optimization-Based Path Selection, 280
8.5 Routing Metrics for Minimum-Weight Path Selection, 291
8.6 Feedback-Based Path Selection, 307
8.7 Conclusions, 308
PART III OPPORTUNISTIC NETWORKING
9 Applications in Delay-Tolerant and Opportunistic Networks 317
Teemu K¨arkk¨ainen, Mikko Pitkanen, and JoergOtt
9.1 Application Scenarios, 318
9.2 Challenges for Applications Over DTN, 322
9.3 Critical Mechanisms for DTN Applications, 328
9.4 DTN Applications (Case Studies), 336
9.5 Conclusion: Rethinking Applications for DTNs, 357
10 Mobility Models in Opportunistic Networks 360
Kyunghan Lee, Pan Hui, and Song Chong
10.1 Introduction, 360
10.2 Contact-Based Measurement, Analysis, and Modeling, 361
10.3 Trajectory Models, 376
10.4 Implications for Network Protocol Design, 399
10.5 New Paradigm: Delay-Resource Tradeoffs, 406
11 Opportunistic Routing 419
Thrasyvoulos Spyropoulos and Andreea Picu
11.1 Introduction, 420
11.2 Cornerstones of Opportunistic Networks, 422
11.3 Dealing with Uncertainty: Redundancy-Based Routing, 428
11.4 Capitalizing on Structure: Utility-Based Forwarding, 435
11.5 Hybrid Solutions: Combining Redundancy and Utility, 444
11.6 Conclusion, 447
12 Data Dissemination in Opportunistic Networks 453
Chiara Boldrini and Andrea Passarella
12.1 Introduction, 454
12.2 Initial Ideas: PodNet, 456
12.3 Social-Aware Schemes, 460
12.4 Publish/Subscribe Schemes, 464
12.5 Global Optimization, 469
12.6 Infrastructure-Based Approaches, 474
12.7 Approaches Inspired by Unstructured p2p Systems, 478
12.8 Further Readings, 482
13 Task Farming in Crowd Computing 491
Derek G. Murray, Karthik Nilakant, J. Crowcroft, and E. Yoneki
13.1 Introduction, 491
13.2 Ideal Parallelism Model, 494
13.3 Task Farming, 498
13.4 Socially Aware Task Farming, 500
13.5 Related Work, 510
13.6 Conclusions and Future Work, 510
PART IV VANET
14 A Taxonomy of Data Communication Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks 517
Yousef-Awwad Daraghmi, Ivan Stojmenovic, and Chih-Wei Yi
14.1 Introduction, 517
14.2 Taxonomy of VANET Communication Protocols, 520
14.3 Reliability-Oriented Geocasting Protocols, 525
14.4 Time-Critical Geocasting Protocols, 527
14.5 Small-Scale Routing Protocols, 529
14.6 Large-Scale Routing, 534
14.7 Summary, 539
14.8 Conclusion and Future Work, 539
15 Mobility Models, Topology, and Simulations in VANET 545
Francisco J. Ros, Juan A. Martinez, and Pedro M. Ruiz
15.1 Introduction and Motivation, 545
15.2 Mobility Models, 547
15.3 Mobility Simulators, 551
15.4 Integrated Simulators, 557
15.5 Modeling Vehicular Communications, 560
15.6 Analysis of Connectivity in Highways, 565
15.7 Conclusion and Future Work, 572
16 ExperimentalWork on VANET 577
Minglu Li and Hongzi Zhu
16.1 Introduction, 577
16.2 MIT CarTel, 579
16.3 UMass DieselNet, 581
16.4 SJTU ShanghaiGrid, 584
16.5 NCTU VANET Testbed, 587
16.6 UCLA CVeT, 589
16.7 GM DSRC Fleet, 590
16.8 FleetNet Project, 591
16.9 Network on Wheels (NOW) Project, 592
16.10 Advanced Safety Vehicles (ASVs), 593
16.11 Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI), 594
17 MAC Protocols for VANET 599
Mohammad S. Almalag, Michele C. Weigle, and Stephan Olariu
17.1 Introduction, 599
17.2 MAC Metrics, 602
17.3 IEEE Standards for MAC Protocols for VANETs, 602
17.4 Alternate MAC Protocols for VANET, 606
17.5 Conclusion, 616
18 Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Design, Implementation, and Future Challenges 619
Marco Di Felice, Kaushik Roy Chowdhury, and Luciano Bononi
18.1 Introduction, 620
18.2 Characteristics of Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks, 622
18.3 Applications of Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks, 628
18.4 CRV Network Architecture, 629
18.5 Classification and Description of Existing Works on CRV Networks, 630
18.6 Research Issues in CRVs, 636
18.7 Conclusion, 640
19 The Next Paradigm Shift: From Vehicular Networks to Vehicular Clouds 645
Stephan Olariu, Tihomir Hristov, and Gongjun Yan
19.1 By Way of Motivation, 646
19.2 The Vehicular Model, 647
19.3 Vehicular Networks, 649
19.4 Cloud Computing, 650
19.5 Vehicular Clouds, 652
19.6 How are Vehicular Clouds Different?, 654
19.7 Feasible Instances of Vehicular Clouds, 657
19.8 More Application Scenarios, 660
19.9 Security and Privacy in Vehicular Clouds, 666
19.10 Key Management, 677
19.11 Research Challenges, 680
19.12 Architectures for Vehicular Clouds, 681
19.13 Resource Aggregation in Vehicular Clouds, 683
19.14 A Simulation Study of VC, 690
19.15 Future Work, 691
19.16 Where to From Here?, 693
PART V SENSOR NETWORKING
20 Wireless Sensor Networks with Energy Harvesting 703
Stefano Basagni, M. Yousof Naderi, Chiara Petrioli, and Dora Spenza
20.1 Introduction, 703
20.2 Node Platforms, 704
20.3 Techniques of Energy Harvesting, 709
20.4 Prediction Models, 713
20.5 Protocols for EHWSNs, 717
21 Robot-AssistedWireless Sensor Networks: Recent Applications and Future Challenges 737
Rafael Falcon, Amiya Nayak, and Ivan Stojmenovic
21.1 Introduction, 737
21.2 Robot-Assisted Sensor Placement, 740
21.3 Robot-Assisted Sensor Relocation, 751
21.4 Robot-Assisted Sensor Maintenance, 762
21.5 Future Challenges, 763
22 Underwater Networks with Limited Mobility: Algorithms, Systems, and Experiments 769
Carrick Detweiler, Elizabeth Basha, Marek Doniec, and Daniela Rus
22.1 Introduction, 770
22.2 Related Work, 772
22.3 Decentralized Control Algorithm, 775
22.4 General System Architecture and Design, 779
22.5 Application-Specific Architecture and Design, 786
22.6 Experiments and Results, 789
22.7 Conclusions, 799
23 Advances in Underwater Acoustic Networking 804
Tommaso Melodia, Hovannes Kulhandjian, Li-Chung Kuo, and Emrecan Demirors
23.1 Introduction, 805
23.2 Communication Architecture, 806
23.3 Basics of Underwater Communications, 807
23.4 Physical Layer, 814
23.5 Medium Access Control Layer, 822
23.6 Network Layer, 829
23.7 Cross-Layer Design, 833
23.8 Experimental Platforms, 834
23.9 UW-Buffalo: An Underwater Acoustic Testbed at the University at Buffalo, 842
23.10 Conclusions, 842
References, 843
Index 853
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv
CONTRIBUTORS xvii
PART I GENERAL ISSUES
1 Multihop Ad Hoc Networking: The Evolutionary Path 3
Marco Conti and Silvia Giordano
1.1 Introduction, 3
1.2 MANET Research: Major Achievements and Lessons Learned, 5
1.3 Multihop Ad Hoc Networks: From Theory to Reality, 16
1.4 Summary and Conclusions, 25
2 Enabling Technologies and Standards for Mobile Multihop Wireless Networking 34
Enzo Mingozzi and Claudio Cicconetti
2.1 Introduction, 35
2.2 Broadband Wireless Access Technologies, 37
2.3 Wireless Local Area Networks Technologies, 43
2.4 Personal Area Networks Technologies, 53
2.5 Mobility Support in Heterogeneous Scenarios, 65
2.6 Conclusions, 67
3 Application Scenarios 77
Ilias Leontiadis, Ettore Ferranti, Cecilia Mascolo, Liam McNamara, Bence Pasztor, Niki Trigoni, and Sonia Waharte
3.1 Introduction, 78
3.2 Military Applications, 79
3.3 Network Connectivity, 81
3.4 Wireless Sensor Networks, 84
3.5 Search and Rescue, 89
3.6 Vehicular Networks, 93
3.7 Personal Content Dissemination, 96
3.8 Conclusions, 98
4 Security in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 106
Roberto Di Pietro and Josep Domingo-Ferrer
4.1 Introduction, 106
4.2 Wireless Sensor Networks, 110
4.3 Unattended WSN, 125
4.4 Wireless Mesh Networks, 130
4.5 Delay-Tolerant Networks, 134
4.6 Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), 137
4.7 Conclusions and Open Research Issues, 144
5 Architectural Solutions for End-User Mobility 154
Salvatore Vanini and Anna Forster
5.1 Introduction, 154
5.2 Mesh Networks, 155
5.3 Wireless Sensor Networks, 182
5.4 Conclusion, 188
6 ExperimentalWork Versus Simulation in the Study of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 191
Carlo Vallati, Victor Omwando, and Prasant Mohapatra
6.1 Introduction, 191
6.2 Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Simulation Tools and Experimental Platforms, 192
6.3 Gap Between Simulations and Experiments: Issues and Factors, 199
6.4 Good Simulations: Validation, Verification, and Calibration, 220
6.5 Simulators and Testbeds: Future Prospects, 226
6.6 Conclusion, 228
PART II MESH NETWORKING
7 Resource Optimization in Multiradio Multichannel Wireless Mesh Networks 241
Antonio Capone, Ilario Filippini, Stefano Gualandi, and Di Yuan
7.1 Introduction, 242
7.2 Network and Interference Models, 244
7.3 Maximum Link Activation Under the SINR Model, 245
7.4 Optimal Link Scheduling, 247
7.5 Joint Routing and Scheduling, 254
7.6 Dealing with Channel Assignment and Directional Antennas, 257
7.7 Cooperative Networking, 263
7.8 Concluding Remarks and Future Issues, 269
8 Quality of Service in Mesh Networks 275
Raffaele Bruno
8.1 Introduction, 275
8.2 QoS Definition, 277
8.3 A Taxonomy of Existing QoS Routing Approaches, 278
8.4 Routing Protocols with Optimization-Based Path Selection, 280
8.5 Routing Metrics for Minimum-Weight Path Selection, 291
8.6 Feedback-Based Path Selection, 307
8.7 Conclusions, 308
PART III OPPORTUNISTIC NETWORKING
9 Applications in Delay-Tolerant and Opportunistic Networks 317
Teemu K¨arkk¨ainen, Mikko Pitkanen, and JoergOtt
9.1 Application Scenarios, 318
9.2 Challenges for Applications Over DTN, 322
9.3 Critical Mechanisms for DTN Applications, 328
9.4 DTN Applications (Case Studies), 336
9.5 Conclusion: Rethinking Applications for DTNs, 357
10 Mobility Models in Opportunistic Networks 360
Kyunghan Lee, Pan Hui, and Song Chong
10.1 Introduction, 360
10.2 Contact-Based Measurement, Analysis, and Modeling, 361
10.3 Trajectory Models, 376
10.4 Implications for Network Protocol Design, 399
10.5 New Paradigm: Delay-Resource Tradeoffs, 406
11 Opportunistic Routing 419
Thrasyvoulos Spyropoulos and Andreea Picu
11.1 Introduction, 420
11.2 Cornerstones of Opportunistic Networks, 422
11.3 Dealing with Uncertainty: Redundancy-Based Routing, 428
11.4 Capitalizing on Structure: Utility-Based Forwarding, 435
11.5 Hybrid Solutions: Combining Redundancy and Utility, 444
11.6 Conclusion, 447
12 Data Dissemination in Opportunistic Networks 453
Chiara Boldrini and Andrea Passarella
12.1 Introduction, 454
12.2 Initial Ideas: PodNet, 456
12.3 Social-Aware Schemes, 460
12.4 Publish/Subscribe Schemes, 464
12.5 Global Optimization, 469
12.6 Infrastructure-Based Approaches, 474
12.7 Approaches Inspired by Unstructured p2p Systems, 478
12.8 Further Readings, 482
13 Task Farming in Crowd Computing 491
Derek G. Murray, Karthik Nilakant, J. Crowcroft, and E. Yoneki
13.1 Introduction, 491
13.2 Ideal Parallelism Model, 494
13.3 Task Farming, 498
13.4 Socially Aware Task Farming, 500
13.5 Related Work, 510
13.6 Conclusions and Future Work, 510
PART IV VANET
14 A Taxonomy of Data Communication Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks 517
Yousef-Awwad Daraghmi, Ivan Stojmenovic, and Chih-Wei Yi
14.1 Introduction, 517
14.2 Taxonomy of VANET Communication Protocols, 520
14.3 Reliability-Oriented Geocasting Protocols, 525
14.4 Time-Critical Geocasting Protocols, 527
14.5 Small-Scale Routing Protocols, 529
14.6 Large-Scale Routing, 534
14.7 Summary, 539
14.8 Conclusion and Future Work, 539
15 Mobility Models, Topology, and Simulations in VANET 545
Francisco J. Ros, Juan A. Martinez, and Pedro M. Ruiz
15.1 Introduction and Motivation, 545
15.2 Mobility Models, 547
15.3 Mobility Simulators, 551
15.4 Integrated Simulators, 557
15.5 Modeling Vehicular Communications, 560
15.6 Analysis of Connectivity in Highways, 565
15.7 Conclusion and Future Work, 572
16 ExperimentalWork on VANET 577
Minglu Li and Hongzi Zhu
16.1 Introduction, 577
16.2 MIT CarTel, 579
16.3 UMass DieselNet, 581
16.4 SJTU ShanghaiGrid, 584
16.5 NCTU VANET Testbed, 587
16.6 UCLA CVeT, 589
16.7 GM DSRC Fleet, 590
16.8 FleetNet Project, 591
16.9 Network on Wheels (NOW) Project, 592
16.10 Advanced Safety Vehicles (ASVs), 593
16.11 Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI), 594
17 MAC Protocols for VANET 599
Mohammad S. Almalag, Michele C. Weigle, and Stephan Olariu
17.1 Introduction, 599
17.2 MAC Metrics, 602
17.3 IEEE Standards for MAC Protocols for VANETs, 602
17.4 Alternate MAC Protocols for VANET, 606
17.5 Conclusion, 616
18 Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Design, Implementation, and Future Challenges 619
Marco Di Felice, Kaushik Roy Chowdhury, and Luciano Bononi
18.1 Introduction, 620
18.2 Characteristics of Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks, 622
18.3 Applications of Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks, 628
18.4 CRV Network Architecture, 629
18.5 Classification and Description of Existing Works on CRV Networks, 630
18.6 Research Issues in CRVs, 636
18.7 Conclusion, 640
19 The Next Paradigm Shift: From Vehicular Networks to Vehicular Clouds 645
Stephan Olariu, Tihomir Hristov, and Gongjun Yan
19.1 By Way of Motivation, 646
19.2 The Vehicular Model, 647
19.3 Vehicular Networks, 649
19.4 Cloud Computing, 650
19.5 Vehicular Clouds, 652
19.6 How are Vehicular Clouds Different?, 654
19.7 Feasible Instances of Vehicular Clouds, 657
19.8 More Application Scenarios, 660
19.9 Security and Privacy in Vehicular Clouds, 666
19.10 Key Management, 677
19.11 Research Challenges, 680
19.12 Architectures for Vehicular Clouds, 681
19.13 Resource Aggregation in Vehicular Clouds, 683
19.14 A Simulation Study of VC, 690
19.15 Future Work, 691
19.16 Where to From Here?, 693
PART V SENSOR NETWORKING
20 Wireless Sensor Networks with Energy Harvesting 703
Stefano Basagni, M. Yousof Naderi, Chiara Petrioli, and Dora Spenza
20.1 Introduction, 703
20.2 Node Platforms, 704
20.3 Techniques of Energy Harvesting, 709
20.4 Prediction Models, 713
20.5 Protocols for EHWSNs, 717
21 Robot-AssistedWireless Sensor Networks: Recent Applications and Future Challenges 737
Rafael Falcon, Amiya Nayak, and Ivan Stojmenovic
21.1 Introduction, 737
21.2 Robot-Assisted Sensor Placement, 740
21.3 Robot-Assisted Sensor Relocation, 751
21.4 Robot-Assisted Sensor Maintenance, 762
21.5 Future Challenges, 763
22 Underwater Networks with Limited Mobility: Algorithms, Systems, and Experiments 769
Carrick Detweiler, Elizabeth Basha, Marek Doniec, and Daniela Rus
22.1 Introduction, 770
22.2 Related Work, 772
22.3 Decentralized Control Algorithm, 775
22.4 General System Architecture and Design, 779
22.5 Application-Specific Architecture and Design, 786
22.6 Experiments and Results, 789
22.7 Conclusions, 799
23 Advances in Underwater Acoustic Networking 804
Tommaso Melodia, Hovannes Kulhandjian, Li-Chung Kuo, and Emrecan Demirors
23.1 Introduction, 805
23.2 Communication Architecture, 806
23.3 Basics of Underwater Communications, 807
23.4 Physical Layer, 814
23.5 Medium Access Control Layer, 822
23.6 Network Layer, 829
23.7 Cross-Layer Design, 833
23.8 Experimental Platforms, 834
23.9 UW-Buffalo: An Underwater Acoustic Testbed at the University at Buffalo, 842
23.10 Conclusions, 842
References, 843
Index 853
PREFACE xiii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv
CONTRIBUTORS xvii
PART I GENERAL ISSUES
1 Multihop Ad Hoc Networking: The Evolutionary Path 3
Marco Conti and Silvia Giordano
1.1 Introduction, 3
1.2 MANET Research: Major Achievements and Lessons Learned, 5
1.3 Multihop Ad Hoc Networks: From Theory to Reality, 16
1.4 Summary and Conclusions, 25
2 Enabling Technologies and Standards for Mobile Multihop Wireless Networking 34
Enzo Mingozzi and Claudio Cicconetti
2.1 Introduction, 35
2.2 Broadband Wireless Access Technologies, 37
2.3 Wireless Local Area Networks Technologies, 43
2.4 Personal Area Networks Technologies, 53
2.5 Mobility Support in Heterogeneous Scenarios, 65
2.6 Conclusions, 67
3 Application Scenarios 77
Ilias Leontiadis, Ettore Ferranti, Cecilia Mascolo, Liam McNamara, Bence Pasztor, Niki Trigoni, and Sonia Waharte
3.1 Introduction, 78
3.2 Military Applications, 79
3.3 Network Connectivity, 81
3.4 Wireless Sensor Networks, 84
3.5 Search and Rescue, 89
3.6 Vehicular Networks, 93
3.7 Personal Content Dissemination, 96
3.8 Conclusions, 98
4 Security in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 106
Roberto Di Pietro and Josep Domingo-Ferrer
4.1 Introduction, 106
4.2 Wireless Sensor Networks, 110
4.3 Unattended WSN, 125
4.4 Wireless Mesh Networks, 130
4.5 Delay-Tolerant Networks, 134
4.6 Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), 137
4.7 Conclusions and Open Research Issues, 144
5 Architectural Solutions for End-User Mobility 154
Salvatore Vanini and Anna Forster
5.1 Introduction, 154
5.2 Mesh Networks, 155
5.3 Wireless Sensor Networks, 182
5.4 Conclusion, 188
6 ExperimentalWork Versus Simulation in the Study of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 191
Carlo Vallati, Victor Omwando, and Prasant Mohapatra
6.1 Introduction, 191
6.2 Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Simulation Tools and Experimental Platforms, 192
6.3 Gap Between Simulations and Experiments: Issues and Factors, 199
6.4 Good Simulations: Validation, Verification, and Calibration, 220
6.5 Simulators and Testbeds: Future Prospects, 226
6.6 Conclusion, 228
PART II MESH NETWORKING
7 Resource Optimization in Multiradio Multichannel Wireless Mesh Networks 241
Antonio Capone, Ilario Filippini, Stefano Gualandi, and Di Yuan
7.1 Introduction, 242
7.2 Network and Interference Models, 244
7.3 Maximum Link Activation Under the SINR Model, 245
7.4 Optimal Link Scheduling, 247
7.5 Joint Routing and Scheduling, 254
7.6 Dealing with Channel Assignment and Directional Antennas, 257
7.7 Cooperative Networking, 263
7.8 Concluding Remarks and Future Issues, 269
8 Quality of Service in Mesh Networks 275
Raffaele Bruno
8.1 Introduction, 275
8.2 QoS Definition, 277
8.3 A Taxonomy of Existing QoS Routing Approaches, 278
8.4 Routing Protocols with Optimization-Based Path Selection, 280
8.5 Routing Metrics for Minimum-Weight Path Selection, 291
8.6 Feedback-Based Path Selection, 307
8.7 Conclusions, 308
PART III OPPORTUNISTIC NETWORKING
9 Applications in Delay-Tolerant and Opportunistic Networks 317
Teemu K¨arkk¨ainen, Mikko Pitkanen, and JoergOtt
9.1 Application Scenarios, 318
9.2 Challenges for Applications Over DTN, 322
9.3 Critical Mechanisms for DTN Applications, 328
9.4 DTN Applications (Case Studies), 336
9.5 Conclusion: Rethinking Applications for DTNs, 357
10 Mobility Models in Opportunistic Networks 360
Kyunghan Lee, Pan Hui, and Song Chong
10.1 Introduction, 360
10.2 Contact-Based Measurement, Analysis, and Modeling, 361
10.3 Trajectory Models, 376
10.4 Implications for Network Protocol Design, 399
10.5 New Paradigm: Delay-Resource Tradeoffs, 406
11 Opportunistic Routing 419
Thrasyvoulos Spyropoulos and Andreea Picu
11.1 Introduction, 420
11.2 Cornerstones of Opportunistic Networks, 422
11.3 Dealing with Uncertainty: Redundancy-Based Routing, 428
11.4 Capitalizing on Structure: Utility-Based Forwarding, 435
11.5 Hybrid Solutions: Combining Redundancy and Utility, 444
11.6 Conclusion, 447
12 Data Dissemination in Opportunistic Networks 453
Chiara Boldrini and Andrea Passarella
12.1 Introduction, 454
12.2 Initial Ideas: PodNet, 456
12.3 Social-Aware Schemes, 460
12.4 Publish/Subscribe Schemes, 464
12.5 Global Optimization, 469
12.6 Infrastructure-Based Approaches, 474
12.7 Approaches Inspired by Unstructured p2p Systems, 478
12.8 Further Readings, 482
13 Task Farming in Crowd Computing 491
Derek G. Murray, Karthik Nilakant, J. Crowcroft, and E. Yoneki
13.1 Introduction, 491
13.2 Ideal Parallelism Model, 494
13.3 Task Farming, 498
13.4 Socially Aware Task Farming, 500
13.5 Related Work, 510
13.6 Conclusions and Future Work, 510
PART IV VANET
14 A Taxonomy of Data Communication Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks 517
Yousef-Awwad Daraghmi, Ivan Stojmenovic, and Chih-Wei Yi
14.1 Introduction, 517
14.2 Taxonomy of VANET Communication Protocols, 520
14.3 Reliability-Oriented Geocasting Protocols, 525
14.4 Time-Critical Geocasting Protocols, 527
14.5 Small-Scale Routing Protocols, 529
14.6 Large-Scale Routing, 534
14.7 Summary, 539
14.8 Conclusion and Future Work, 539
15 Mobility Models, Topology, and Simulations in VANET 545
Francisco J. Ros, Juan A. Martinez, and Pedro M. Ruiz
15.1 Introduction and Motivation, 545
15.2 Mobility Models, 547
15.3 Mobility Simulators, 551
15.4 Integrated Simulators, 557
15.5 Modeling Vehicular Communications, 560
15.6 Analysis of Connectivity in Highways, 565
15.7 Conclusion and Future Work, 572
16 ExperimentalWork on VANET 577
Minglu Li and Hongzi Zhu
16.1 Introduction, 577
16.2 MIT CarTel, 579
16.3 UMass DieselNet, 581
16.4 SJTU ShanghaiGrid, 584
16.5 NCTU VANET Testbed, 587
16.6 UCLA CVeT, 589
16.7 GM DSRC Fleet, 590
16.8 FleetNet Project, 591
16.9 Network on Wheels (NOW) Project, 592
16.10 Advanced Safety Vehicles (ASVs), 593
16.11 Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI), 594
17 MAC Protocols for VANET 599
Mohammad S. Almalag, Michele C. Weigle, and Stephan Olariu
17.1 Introduction, 599
17.2 MAC Metrics, 602
17.3 IEEE Standards for MAC Protocols for VANETs, 602
17.4 Alternate MAC Protocols for VANET, 606
17.5 Conclusion, 616
18 Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Design, Implementation, and Future Challenges 619
Marco Di Felice, Kaushik Roy Chowdhury, and Luciano Bononi
18.1 Introduction, 620
18.2 Characteristics of Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks, 622
18.3 Applications of Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks, 628
18.4 CRV Network Architecture, 629
18.5 Classification and Description of Existing Works on CRV Networks, 630
18.6 Research Issues in CRVs, 636
18.7 Conclusion, 640
19 The Next Paradigm Shift: From Vehicular Networks to Vehicular Clouds 645
Stephan Olariu, Tihomir Hristov, and Gongjun Yan
19.1 By Way of Motivation, 646
19.2 The Vehicular Model, 647
19.3 Vehicular Networks, 649
19.4 Cloud Computing, 650
19.5 Vehicular Clouds, 652
19.6 How are Vehicular Clouds Different?, 654
19.7 Feasible Instances of Vehicular Clouds, 657
19.8 More Application Scenarios, 660
19.9 Security and Privacy in Vehicular Clouds, 666
19.10 Key Management, 677
19.11 Research Challenges, 680
19.12 Architectures for Vehicular Clouds, 681
19.13 Resource Aggregation in Vehicular Clouds, 683
19.14 A Simulation Study of VC, 690
19.15 Future Work, 691
19.16 Where to From Here?, 693
PART V SENSOR NETWORKING
20 Wireless Sensor Networks with Energy Harvesting 703
Stefano Basagni, M. Yousof Naderi, Chiara Petrioli, and Dora Spenza
20.1 Introduction, 703
20.2 Node Platforms, 704
20.3 Techniques of Energy Harvesting, 709
20.4 Prediction Models, 713
20.5 Protocols for EHWSNs, 717
21 Robot-AssistedWireless Sensor Networks: Recent Applications and Future Challenges 737
Rafael Falcon, Amiya Nayak, and Ivan Stojmenovic
21.1 Introduction, 737
21.2 Robot-Assisted Sensor Placement, 740
21.3 Robot-Assisted Sensor Relocation, 751
21.4 Robot-Assisted Sensor Maintenance, 762
21.5 Future Challenges, 763
22 Underwater Networks with Limited Mobility: Algorithms, Systems, and Experiments 769
Carrick Detweiler, Elizabeth Basha, Marek Doniec, and Daniela Rus
22.1 Introduction, 770
22.2 Related Work, 772
22.3 Decentralized Control Algorithm, 775
22.4 General System Architecture and Design, 779
22.5 Application-Specific Architecture and Design, 786
22.6 Experiments and Results, 789
22.7 Conclusions, 799
23 Advances in Underwater Acoustic Networking 804
Tommaso Melodia, Hovannes Kulhandjian, Li-Chung Kuo, and Emrecan Demirors
23.1 Introduction, 805
23.2 Communication Architecture, 806
23.3 Basics of Underwater Communications, 807
23.4 Physical Layer, 814
23.5 Medium Access Control Layer, 822
23.6 Network Layer, 829
23.7 Cross-Layer Design, 833
23.8 Experimental Platforms, 834
23.9 UW-Buffalo: An Underwater Acoustic Testbed at the University at Buffalo, 842
23.10 Conclusions, 842
References, 843
Index 853
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv
CONTRIBUTORS xvii
PART I GENERAL ISSUES
1 Multihop Ad Hoc Networking: The Evolutionary Path 3
Marco Conti and Silvia Giordano
1.1 Introduction, 3
1.2 MANET Research: Major Achievements and Lessons Learned, 5
1.3 Multihop Ad Hoc Networks: From Theory to Reality, 16
1.4 Summary and Conclusions, 25
2 Enabling Technologies and Standards for Mobile Multihop Wireless Networking 34
Enzo Mingozzi and Claudio Cicconetti
2.1 Introduction, 35
2.2 Broadband Wireless Access Technologies, 37
2.3 Wireless Local Area Networks Technologies, 43
2.4 Personal Area Networks Technologies, 53
2.5 Mobility Support in Heterogeneous Scenarios, 65
2.6 Conclusions, 67
3 Application Scenarios 77
Ilias Leontiadis, Ettore Ferranti, Cecilia Mascolo, Liam McNamara, Bence Pasztor, Niki Trigoni, and Sonia Waharte
3.1 Introduction, 78
3.2 Military Applications, 79
3.3 Network Connectivity, 81
3.4 Wireless Sensor Networks, 84
3.5 Search and Rescue, 89
3.6 Vehicular Networks, 93
3.7 Personal Content Dissemination, 96
3.8 Conclusions, 98
4 Security in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 106
Roberto Di Pietro and Josep Domingo-Ferrer
4.1 Introduction, 106
4.2 Wireless Sensor Networks, 110
4.3 Unattended WSN, 125
4.4 Wireless Mesh Networks, 130
4.5 Delay-Tolerant Networks, 134
4.6 Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), 137
4.7 Conclusions and Open Research Issues, 144
5 Architectural Solutions for End-User Mobility 154
Salvatore Vanini and Anna Forster
5.1 Introduction, 154
5.2 Mesh Networks, 155
5.3 Wireless Sensor Networks, 182
5.4 Conclusion, 188
6 ExperimentalWork Versus Simulation in the Study of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 191
Carlo Vallati, Victor Omwando, and Prasant Mohapatra
6.1 Introduction, 191
6.2 Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Simulation Tools and Experimental Platforms, 192
6.3 Gap Between Simulations and Experiments: Issues and Factors, 199
6.4 Good Simulations: Validation, Verification, and Calibration, 220
6.5 Simulators and Testbeds: Future Prospects, 226
6.6 Conclusion, 228
PART II MESH NETWORKING
7 Resource Optimization in Multiradio Multichannel Wireless Mesh Networks 241
Antonio Capone, Ilario Filippini, Stefano Gualandi, and Di Yuan
7.1 Introduction, 242
7.2 Network and Interference Models, 244
7.3 Maximum Link Activation Under the SINR Model, 245
7.4 Optimal Link Scheduling, 247
7.5 Joint Routing and Scheduling, 254
7.6 Dealing with Channel Assignment and Directional Antennas, 257
7.7 Cooperative Networking, 263
7.8 Concluding Remarks and Future Issues, 269
8 Quality of Service in Mesh Networks 275
Raffaele Bruno
8.1 Introduction, 275
8.2 QoS Definition, 277
8.3 A Taxonomy of Existing QoS Routing Approaches, 278
8.4 Routing Protocols with Optimization-Based Path Selection, 280
8.5 Routing Metrics for Minimum-Weight Path Selection, 291
8.6 Feedback-Based Path Selection, 307
8.7 Conclusions, 308
PART III OPPORTUNISTIC NETWORKING
9 Applications in Delay-Tolerant and Opportunistic Networks 317
Teemu K¨arkk¨ainen, Mikko Pitkanen, and JoergOtt
9.1 Application Scenarios, 318
9.2 Challenges for Applications Over DTN, 322
9.3 Critical Mechanisms for DTN Applications, 328
9.4 DTN Applications (Case Studies), 336
9.5 Conclusion: Rethinking Applications for DTNs, 357
10 Mobility Models in Opportunistic Networks 360
Kyunghan Lee, Pan Hui, and Song Chong
10.1 Introduction, 360
10.2 Contact-Based Measurement, Analysis, and Modeling, 361
10.3 Trajectory Models, 376
10.4 Implications for Network Protocol Design, 399
10.5 New Paradigm: Delay-Resource Tradeoffs, 406
11 Opportunistic Routing 419
Thrasyvoulos Spyropoulos and Andreea Picu
11.1 Introduction, 420
11.2 Cornerstones of Opportunistic Networks, 422
11.3 Dealing with Uncertainty: Redundancy-Based Routing, 428
11.4 Capitalizing on Structure: Utility-Based Forwarding, 435
11.5 Hybrid Solutions: Combining Redundancy and Utility, 444
11.6 Conclusion, 447
12 Data Dissemination in Opportunistic Networks 453
Chiara Boldrini and Andrea Passarella
12.1 Introduction, 454
12.2 Initial Ideas: PodNet, 456
12.3 Social-Aware Schemes, 460
12.4 Publish/Subscribe Schemes, 464
12.5 Global Optimization, 469
12.6 Infrastructure-Based Approaches, 474
12.7 Approaches Inspired by Unstructured p2p Systems, 478
12.8 Further Readings, 482
13 Task Farming in Crowd Computing 491
Derek G. Murray, Karthik Nilakant, J. Crowcroft, and E. Yoneki
13.1 Introduction, 491
13.2 Ideal Parallelism Model, 494
13.3 Task Farming, 498
13.4 Socially Aware Task Farming, 500
13.5 Related Work, 510
13.6 Conclusions and Future Work, 510
PART IV VANET
14 A Taxonomy of Data Communication Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks 517
Yousef-Awwad Daraghmi, Ivan Stojmenovic, and Chih-Wei Yi
14.1 Introduction, 517
14.2 Taxonomy of VANET Communication Protocols, 520
14.3 Reliability-Oriented Geocasting Protocols, 525
14.4 Time-Critical Geocasting Protocols, 527
14.5 Small-Scale Routing Protocols, 529
14.6 Large-Scale Routing, 534
14.7 Summary, 539
14.8 Conclusion and Future Work, 539
15 Mobility Models, Topology, and Simulations in VANET 545
Francisco J. Ros, Juan A. Martinez, and Pedro M. Ruiz
15.1 Introduction and Motivation, 545
15.2 Mobility Models, 547
15.3 Mobility Simulators, 551
15.4 Integrated Simulators, 557
15.5 Modeling Vehicular Communications, 560
15.6 Analysis of Connectivity in Highways, 565
15.7 Conclusion and Future Work, 572
16 ExperimentalWork on VANET 577
Minglu Li and Hongzi Zhu
16.1 Introduction, 577
16.2 MIT CarTel, 579
16.3 UMass DieselNet, 581
16.4 SJTU ShanghaiGrid, 584
16.5 NCTU VANET Testbed, 587
16.6 UCLA CVeT, 589
16.7 GM DSRC Fleet, 590
16.8 FleetNet Project, 591
16.9 Network on Wheels (NOW) Project, 592
16.10 Advanced Safety Vehicles (ASVs), 593
16.11 Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI), 594
17 MAC Protocols for VANET 599
Mohammad S. Almalag, Michele C. Weigle, and Stephan Olariu
17.1 Introduction, 599
17.2 MAC Metrics, 602
17.3 IEEE Standards for MAC Protocols for VANETs, 602
17.4 Alternate MAC Protocols for VANET, 606
17.5 Conclusion, 616
18 Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Design, Implementation, and Future Challenges 619
Marco Di Felice, Kaushik Roy Chowdhury, and Luciano Bononi
18.1 Introduction, 620
18.2 Characteristics of Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks, 622
18.3 Applications of Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks, 628
18.4 CRV Network Architecture, 629
18.5 Classification and Description of Existing Works on CRV Networks, 630
18.6 Research Issues in CRVs, 636
18.7 Conclusion, 640
19 The Next Paradigm Shift: From Vehicular Networks to Vehicular Clouds 645
Stephan Olariu, Tihomir Hristov, and Gongjun Yan
19.1 By Way of Motivation, 646
19.2 The Vehicular Model, 647
19.3 Vehicular Networks, 649
19.4 Cloud Computing, 650
19.5 Vehicular Clouds, 652
19.6 How are Vehicular Clouds Different?, 654
19.7 Feasible Instances of Vehicular Clouds, 657
19.8 More Application Scenarios, 660
19.9 Security and Privacy in Vehicular Clouds, 666
19.10 Key Management, 677
19.11 Research Challenges, 680
19.12 Architectures for Vehicular Clouds, 681
19.13 Resource Aggregation in Vehicular Clouds, 683
19.14 A Simulation Study of VC, 690
19.15 Future Work, 691
19.16 Where to From Here?, 693
PART V SENSOR NETWORKING
20 Wireless Sensor Networks with Energy Harvesting 703
Stefano Basagni, M. Yousof Naderi, Chiara Petrioli, and Dora Spenza
20.1 Introduction, 703
20.2 Node Platforms, 704
20.3 Techniques of Energy Harvesting, 709
20.4 Prediction Models, 713
20.5 Protocols for EHWSNs, 717
21 Robot-AssistedWireless Sensor Networks: Recent Applications and Future Challenges 737
Rafael Falcon, Amiya Nayak, and Ivan Stojmenovic
21.1 Introduction, 737
21.2 Robot-Assisted Sensor Placement, 740
21.3 Robot-Assisted Sensor Relocation, 751
21.4 Robot-Assisted Sensor Maintenance, 762
21.5 Future Challenges, 763
22 Underwater Networks with Limited Mobility: Algorithms, Systems, and Experiments 769
Carrick Detweiler, Elizabeth Basha, Marek Doniec, and Daniela Rus
22.1 Introduction, 770
22.2 Related Work, 772
22.3 Decentralized Control Algorithm, 775
22.4 General System Architecture and Design, 779
22.5 Application-Specific Architecture and Design, 786
22.6 Experiments and Results, 789
22.7 Conclusions, 799
23 Advances in Underwater Acoustic Networking 804
Tommaso Melodia, Hovannes Kulhandjian, Li-Chung Kuo, and Emrecan Demirors
23.1 Introduction, 805
23.2 Communication Architecture, 806
23.3 Basics of Underwater Communications, 807
23.4 Physical Layer, 814
23.5 Medium Access Control Layer, 822
23.6 Network Layer, 829
23.7 Cross-Layer Design, 833
23.8 Experimental Platforms, 834
23.9 UW-Buffalo: An Underwater Acoustic Testbed at the University at Buffalo, 842
23.10 Conclusions, 842
References, 843
Index 853