Dominique Paret

RFID at Ultra and Super High Frequencies (eBook, PDF)

Theory and application

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

In the past, very little practical information or training has been available for engineers, technicians and students in the area of radio frequency identification (RFID) systems at ultra high frequencies (UHF) and super high frequencies (SHF). Here, Dominique Paret offers you a complete guide to the theory, components, practical application areas and standards in RFID at UHF and SHF. He achieves an expert balance between theory and technology, finance and other aspects, providing a clear view of the entire field. This book deals with the real aspects of contactless applications in detail, and divided into five parts, covers: * Basic principles, general considerations and the market, defining all essential terms and the different tags and applications. * Wave propagation principles and theory. * Communication and transmission, baseband signals, carrier modulation and interactions, discussing communication modes between the base station and tag, and energy transfer modes. * International safety standards and regulations, including International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) models, and methods for evaluating commercial tags. * Components for tags and base stations. This comprehensive reference is ideal for computer and electronics engineers working on the design and development of RFID systems for the electronics industry, as well as for those in other industries such as automotive, security and transport, who want to implement RFID into their business. Dominique Paret's book is also a solid and thorough technical introduction to the subject for graduate level students and researchers in electronics and industrial engineering design.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 548
• Erscheinungstermin: 9. November 2009
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780470682142
• Artikelnr.: 37298569

Autorenporträt

Dominique Paret is currently the Technical Support Manager at Philips Semiconductors, France. He has worked at Philips for the past 15 years, on the areas of automotive electronics (CAN (Controller Area Network), LIN (Local Interconnect Network), very high speed buses, time triggered concept - FlexRay, Safe by Wire, SBC (Single-board Computer), fail safe systems) and identification, including smart cards, and RFID (radio frequency identification). He also has the role of representing Philips in several standardization organizations such as the French National Body (AFNOR), ISO (International Organization for Standardization) working groups for radio frequency identification and other consortiums for electronic automotive standards. In addition to this, he lectures for several technical schools in France and Pretoria, South Africa, and is an experienced author, having written a number of books, including RFID and Contactless Smart Card Applications (Wiley 2005, originally in French), 12C Bus: From Theory to Practice (Wiley, 1997; originally in French), and the French version of RFID à UHF and SHF, Identification et Tracabilité en UHF-SHF RFID de Super-hautes Fréquences (Dunod, 2005).

Inhaltsangabe

About the author Preface Acknowledgements Note to Readers Part One RFID: General Features, Basic Principles and Market 1 Introduction, Definitions and Vocabulary 1.1 To Understand Radio Frequency, We Must Know about Frequencies and Their Classification 1.2 RFID: Who Uses It and What For? 1.3 History 1.4 Radio Frequency (or Contactless) Identification and Its Range of Applications 1.5 The Concept of Contactless Communication 1.6 The Elements, Terms and Vocabulary of RFID 1.7 Vocabulary: The Many Terms Used for the Elements Of RFID 1.8 Appendix: Units and Constants 2 General Operating Principles of the 'Base Station and Tag' Pair 2.1 Energy Transfer and Communication Modes 2.2 Forward Link and Return Link 2.3 Data Communications 2.4 The Principle of Communication 2.5 The Concept of Operating Modes 2.6 General Operating Problems in Data Transmission 2.7 More Specific Problems Relating to 'Long Distance' RFID Systems 3 The Market and Applications for Contactless Technology 3.1 The Market for Contactless Technology and RFID 3.2 Applications for Tags 3.3 Operators and Participants in the Market Part Two Wave Propagation: Principles, Theories ... and the Reality 4 Some Essential Theory 4.1 The Phenomenon of Propagation and Radiation 4.2 The Hertzian Dipole 4.3 Classification of Fields and Regions of Space 4.4 RFID Applications Using UHF and SHF, i.e. Far Field Applications 4.5 The Hertzian Dipole and the Dipole of any Length, "/n and "/2 4.6 List of the Main Formulae in This Chapter 4.7 Appendix 1: Brief Notes on Maxwell's Equations 4.8 Appendix 2: Brief Notes on Complex Numbers 4.9 Appendix 3: Brief Notes on Powers Expressed as Complex Numbers 4.10 Appendix 4: Brief Notes on Vectors 5 Wave Propagation in Free Space 5.1 Isotropic and Anisotropic Antennas 5.2 Antenna Gain 5.3 Power Flux Density at One Point in Space 5.4 Effective Radiated Power PERP 6 Power Recovery at the Terminals of the Tag Antenna 6.1 Recovering the Transmitted Radiated Power (or Some of It) 6.2 The Concept of Aperture or Surface 6.3 Definition of the Main Parameters Required for an RFID Application 7 Reality Check: How to Manage Everyday Problems 7.1 Effects of the Application Environment 7.2 Tag Polarization Losses,
polarization = P 7.3 Antenna Load Mismatch Factor,
load matching = Q 7.4 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) 7.5 Losses Due to the Physical Design of the Antenna,
antenna 7.6 By Way of Conclusion 7.7 Real-World Examples of RFID at UHF and 2.45 GHz 7.8 Effects of the Mounting of the Integrated Circuit on the Tag Substrate 7.9 By Way of Conclusion 7.10 Example at UHF and SHF 7.11 Appendix: Fact and Fantasy about UHF Tags and Water 8 Reflection and/or Reradiation of Waves and RFID Applications 8.1 The Physical Phenomenon of Wave Scattering 8.2 Scattering Modes 8.3 Power Dispersed/Reradiated/Reflected by the Tag, Ps 8.4 Radar Cross-Section (RCS) of the Tag, Ãe s 8.5 Appendix 9 The Back Scattering Technique and Its Application 9.1 The Principle of Communication by Back Scattering between the Base Station and the Tag 9.2 The Merit Factor of a Tag, "Ãe s or "RCS 9 3 Appendix: Summary of the Principal Formulae of Chapters 7, 8 and 9 10 RFID Case Studies Summarizing the Preceding Chapters 10.1 Case 1: Application to a 'Remotely Powered Passive Tag' 10.2 Case 2: Application to a 'Battery-Assisted Passive Tag' 10.3 Examples 1a and B: Application to a 'Remotely Powered Passive Tag' 10.4 Example 2: Application to a 'Battery-Assisted Passive Tag' Part Three Communication and Transmission, Baseband Signals, Carrier Modulation and Interleaving 11 Digital Aspect: Bit Coding and Baseband Signals 11.1 Bit Coding 11.2 Different Types of Bit Coding for RFID at UHF and SHF 11.3 Summary of the Different Types of Bit Coding 12 Analogue Aspect: Carrier Modulation Methods 12.1 Type of Modulation 12.2 Types of Carrier Modulation for the Forward Link from the Base Station to the Tag 12.3 Amplitude Modulation 12.4 Frequency Modulation and Phase Modulation 12.5 Conclusion 13 Spread Spectrum Techniques 13.1 Frequency Hopping and Agility Systems and Spread Spectrum Techniques 13.2 Spread Spectrum Techniques (Spread Spectrum Modulation, SS) 13.3 Frequency Hopping or Agility Systems for Spreading the Radiated Spectrum of Narrowband Modulated Carriers 13.4 Spread Spectrum Systems for Spreading the Radiated Spectrum of Wide Band Modulated Carriers 13.5 'Hybrid' Spread Spectrum Techniques: DSSS and FHSS 13.6 Back to the Future 13.7 Examples at SHF 13.8 FHSS, LBT, DSSS ... and RFID 14 Interactions and Conclusion 14.1 Relations, Interactions and Performance: How They Are Affected by the Choice of Bit Coding and the Types of Modulation Used 14.2 General Conclusion of Part Three Part Four Standards and Regulations 15 Standards for RFID at UHF and SHF 15.1 The Purpose of the Standards 15.2 Users and Providers of Standards 15.3 The ISO/OSI Layer Models 15.4 ISO Standards for Contactless Technology 15.5 Appendix 1: Hierarchy and Structure of the EPC System 15.6 Appendix 2: The Structure of the EPC Number 15.7 Appendix 3: Some Facts about the Everyday Performance of ISO 18000-6 mode C - EPC C1 G2 16 Regulations and Human Exposure 16.1 Survey of Standards and Regulations 16.2 Summary of Regulations in the USA, Europe, France and the Rest of the World Relating to RFID at UHF and SHF 16.3 Standards for Magnetic and Electrical Fields in a Human Environment: Human Exposure 16.4 Other Requirements to be Met 16.5 Appendix: Local Regulations in France 17 The Effects and Repercussions of Regulations on Performance 17.1 Frequencies 17.2 Transmission Level 17.3 Summary 17.4 Comparison between Europe and the USA 17.5 UHF or 13.56 MHz around the World and in Europe 17.6 Appendix: The Main Standards and Regulations Part Five Components for Tags and Base Stations 18 RFID Tags 18.1 Some General Remarks 18.2 Summary of Operating Principles 18.3 The Technology of Tags 18.4 Antennas for Tags 19 The Base Station 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Examples of Base Station Hardware Architecture 19.3 Examples of Products 19.4 Antennas for Base Stations 19.5 Some Concluding Remarks 20 Conformity, Performance and Methods for Evaluating Tags and Systems 20.1 Official Measurement and Test Methods 20.2 Required Parameters 20.3 Simple Methods of Measurement 20.4 By Way of Conclusion Conclusions Useful Addresses, Component Manufacturers and Further Reading Index