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The ongoing discussion about reaching the "peak-oil point" (maximal delivery rate with conventional methods) emphasizes a fundamental change of the frame conditions of oil-based basic products. The alternative with the largest potential is the use of coal. Coal gasification is the production of coal gas (a mixture of mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide) from coal adding agents like steam/water and oxygen, which can be used in a number of industrial processes (e.g. hydroformulation and Fischer-Tropsch process). Many different kinds of coal do naturally occur, and due to shrinking natural…mehr
The ongoing discussion about reaching the "peak-oil point" (maximal delivery rate with conventional methods) emphasizes a fundamental change of the frame conditions of oil-based basic products. The alternative with the largest potential is the use of coal. Coal gasification is the production of coal gas (a mixture of mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide) from coal adding agents like steam/water and oxygen, which can be used in a number of industrial processes (e.g. hydroformulation and Fischer-Tropsch process). Many different kinds of coal do naturally occur, and due to shrinking natural resources, there has been a substantial gain of interest in poor, ash-rich coal. Beside the quality of coal, there is a number of other parameters influencing the efficiency of coal gasification, such as temperature, pressure, and reactor type. Although several books dealing with the subject of gasification have recently been published, few are strictly focussed on coal as feedstock. This monograph provides the reader with the necessary chemical background on coal gasification. Several types of coal (baseline coal and ash-rich coal) are compared systematically, pointing out the technological efforts achieved so far to overcome this challenge. Using a new, innovative order scheme to evaluate the gasification process at a glance (the ternary diagram), the complex network of chemistry, engineering, and economic needs can be overviewed in a highly efficient way. This book is a must-have for Chemical and Process Engineers, Engineering Students, as well as Scientists in the Chemical Industry.
Dr.-Ing. Martin Gräbner is senior research engineer for coal gasification at the Research and Technology Center of Air Liquide in Frankfurt/Main, Germany. Receiving scholarships from the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung and from the German National Academic Foundation, he has studied energy process engineering at the Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany, and the University of Cincinnati, Ohio. For his excellent course of studies, he received the Georgius Agricola Medal and the Helmut Erich Rammler Award. While obtaining his doctoral degree from the Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany, he spent several years working as team leader of the gasifier development group at the Institute of Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering in Freiberg.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface INTRODUCTION COAL GASIFICATION IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT Applications of Coal Gasification The Three Generations of Coal Gasifiers Typical Feedstock and Products Main Markets for Coal Gasification Challenges and Opportunities for Coal Gasification Environmental Aspects COAL CHARACTERIZATION FOR GASIFICATION Coal as Gasification Feedstock Petrographic Coal Analysis Coal Classification Coal Sampling Proximate Analysis Fischer Assay Ultimate Analysis Heating Values Caking Properties Reactivity Mineral Matter and Ash Analysis Relevant Physical Properties FUNDAMENTALS Terms and Definitions Gasification Reactions Pyrolysis Reactions Gasification Parameters Classifying Gasification Methods COAL GASIFICATION MODELING Introduction Balancing of Gasification Systems Thermodynamic Modeling Kinetic Modeling CFD Modeling of Coal Gasifiers Generic Models for Case Studies COAL GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY SURVEY Entrained-Flow Gasifiers Fluid-Bed Gasifiers Moving-Bed Gasifiers THERMODYNAMIC PROCESS ASSESSMENT Introduction of a Ternary Gasification Diagram Diagrams for Pittsburgh#8 Coal Diagrams for South African Coal Technology Potential Analysis Influence of the Ash Content Other Gasification Systems Conclusions EXERGETIC PROCESS ASSESMENT Exergy Calculations Exergetic Analysis Conclusions of Process Assessment CONCEPT STUDY: THE INTERNAL CIRCULATION (INCI) GASIFIER Introduction Basic Principle Detailed Process Description Thermodynamic Modeling of the INCI Gasifier Next Development Steps TRENDS FOR GASIFICATION DEVELOPMENT
Preface INTRODUCTION COAL GASIFICATION IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT Applications of Coal Gasification The Three Generations of Coal Gasifiers Typical Feedstock and Products Main Markets for Coal Gasification Challenges and Opportunities for Coal Gasification Environmental Aspects COAL CHARACTERIZATION FOR GASIFICATION Coal as Gasification Feedstock Petrographic Coal Analysis Coal Classification Coal Sampling Proximate Analysis Fischer Assay Ultimate Analysis Heating Values Caking Properties Reactivity Mineral Matter and Ash Analysis Relevant Physical Properties FUNDAMENTALS Terms and Definitions Gasification Reactions Pyrolysis Reactions Gasification Parameters Classifying Gasification Methods COAL GASIFICATION MODELING Introduction Balancing of Gasification Systems Thermodynamic Modeling Kinetic Modeling CFD Modeling of Coal Gasifiers Generic Models for Case Studies COAL GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY SURVEY Entrained-Flow Gasifiers Fluid-Bed Gasifiers Moving-Bed Gasifiers THERMODYNAMIC PROCESS ASSESSMENT Introduction of a Ternary Gasification Diagram Diagrams for Pittsburgh#8 Coal Diagrams for South African Coal Technology Potential Analysis Influence of the Ash Content Other Gasification Systems Conclusions EXERGETIC PROCESS ASSESMENT Exergy Calculations Exergetic Analysis Conclusions of Process Assessment CONCEPT STUDY: THE INTERNAL CIRCULATION (INCI) GASIFIER Introduction Basic Principle Detailed Process Description Thermodynamic Modeling of the INCI Gasifier Next Development Steps TRENDS FOR GASIFICATION DEVELOPMENT
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