Arno de Klerk

Fischer-Tropsch Refining (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

The Fischer-Tropsch process is gaining recognition again due to the world-wide increase in energy needs and decrease in oil availability. The increasing interest in utilizing biomass as a potential renewable feedstock in energy generation is further supporting this development. The book covers the production and refining of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude to fuels and chemicals systematically and comprehensively, presenting a wealth of new knowledge and material. As such, it deals extensively with aspects of engineering, chemistry and catalysis. This handbook and ready reference adopts a fundamental approach, looking at the molecules and their transformation from feed to product. Numerous examples illustrate the possibilities and limitations of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude as feesdstock. Of great interest to everyone interested in refining - not just Fischer-Tropsch specialists. From the Contents: * Fischer-Tropsch Facilities and Refineries at a Glance * Production of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude * Industrial Fischer-Tropsch Facilities * Synthetic Transportation Fuels * Refining Technology * Refinery Design

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley-VCH
• Seitenzahl: 642
• Erscheinungstermin: 19. September 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9783527635627
• Artikelnr.: 42548112

Autorenporträt

Arno de Klerk has been active in the field of Fischer-Tropsch refining for more than 15 years. Most of his industrial career was spent at Sasol, where he headed the Fischer-Tropsch Refinery Catalysis group from 2001-2008. Presently, he is the Nexen Professor of Catalytic Reaction Engineering in the Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering at the University of Alberta. He is registered as professional engineer in both South Africa and Canada (Alberta), holding a PhD in Chemical Engineering and an MSc in Chemistry. Professor de Klerk received the Innovation Award from the South African Institution of Chemical Engineers for his work on refining and refining catalysis on three occasions.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface PART I: Introduction FISCHER-TROPSCH FACILITIES AT A GLANCE Introduction Feed-to-Syngas Conversion Syngas-to-Syncrude Conversion Syncrude-to-Product Conversion Indirect Liquefaction Economics REFINING AND REFINERIES AT A GLANCE Introduction Conventional Crude Oil Products from Crude Oil Evolution of Crude Oil Refineries PART II: Production of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION, CLEANING, AND CONDITIONING Introduction Raw Materials Syngas from Natural Gas Syngas from Solid Carbon Sources Syngas Cleaning Syngas Conditioning Air Separation Unit FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS Introduction Fischer-Tropsch Mechanism Fischer-Tropsch Product Selectivity Selectivity Manipulation in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst Deactivitation PART III: Industrial Fischer-Tropsch Facilities FISCHER-TROPSCH GAS LOOPS Introduction Gas Loop Configurations Syncrude Cooling and Separation GERMAN FISCHER-TROPSCH FACILITIES Introduction Synthesis Gas Production Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Refining Discussion of the Refinery Design AMERICAN HYDROCOL FACILITY Introduction Synthesis Gas Production Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Refining Discussion of the Refinery Design SASOL 1 FACILITY Introduction Synthesis Gas Production Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Refining Evolution of the Sasol 1 Facility Discussion of the Refinery Design SASOL 2 AND 3 FACILITIES Introduction Synthesis Gas Production Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Refining Evolution of Sasol Synfuels Discussion of the Refinery Design MOSSGAS FACILITY Introduction Synthesis Gas Production Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Refining Evolution of the PetroSA Facility Discussion of the Refinery Design SHELL MIDDLE DISTILLATE SYNTHESIS (SMDS) FACILITIES Introduction Synthesis Gas Production in Bintulu GTL Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in Bintulu GTL Fischer-Tropsch Refining in Bintulu GTL Pearl GTL Facility Discussion of the Refinery Design ORYX AND ESCRAVOS GAS-TO-LIQUIDS FACILITIES Introduction Synthesis Gas Production in Oryx GTL Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in Oryx GTL Fischer-Tropsch Refining in Oryx GTL Discussion of the Refinery Design PART IV: Synthetic Transportation Fuels MOTOR-GASOLINE Introduction Motor-Gasoline Specifications Motor-Gasoline Properties Aviation Gasoline Future Motor-Gasoline Specification Changes JET FUEL Introduction Jet Fuel Specifications Jet Fuel Properties Future Jet Fuel Specification Changes DIESEL FUEL Introduction Diesel Fuel Specifications Diesel Fuel Properties Diesel Fuel Additives That Affect Refinery Design Future Diesel Fuel Specification Changes PART V: Refining Technology REFINING TECHNOLOGY SELECTION Introduction Hydrotreating Addition and Removal of Oxygen Alkene Conversion Alkane Conversion Residue Conversion DEHYDRATION, ETHERIFICATION, AND HYDRATION Introduction Dehydration Etherification Hydration ISOMERIZATION Introduction Reaction Chemistry Skeletal Isomerization Hydroisomerization OLIGOMERIZATION Introduction Reaction Chemistry Catalysis Syncrude Process Technology AROMATIC ALKYLATION Introduction Reaction Chemistry Catalysis Syncrude Process Technology CRACKING Introduction Reaction Chemistry Thermal Cracking Catalytic Cracking Hydrocracking REFORMING AND AROMATIZATION Introduction Thermal Naphtha Reforming Conventional Catalytic Naphtha Reforming Monofunctional Nonacidic Pt/L-Zeolite Naphtha Reforming Aromatization CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Production of n-1-Aleknes (Linear Alpha-Olefins) Autoxidation PART VI: Refinery Design PRINCIPLES OF REFINERY DESIGN Introduction Refinery Design Concepts Conceptual Refinery Design Real-World Refinery Design MOTOR-GASOLINE REFINING Introduction Gap Analysis for Syncrude to Motor-Gasoline Decisions Affecting Motor-Gasoline Refining Motor-Gasoline Refining from HTFT Syncrude Motor-Gasoline Refining from LTFT Syncrude JET FUEL REFINING Introduction Gap Analysis for Syncrude to Jet Fuel Decisions Affecting Jet Fuel

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Preface PART I: Introduction FISCHER-TROPSCH FACILITIES AT A GLANCE
Introduction Feed-to-Syngas Conversion Syngas-to-Syncrude Conversion
Syncrude-to-Product Conversion Indirect Liquefaction Economics REFINING AND
REFINERIES AT A GLANCE Introduction Conventional Crude Oil Products from
Crude Oil Evolution of Crude Oil Refineries PART II: Production of
Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION, CLEANING, AND
CONDITIONING Introduction Raw Materials Syngas from Natural Gas Syngas from
Solid Carbon Sources Syngas Cleaning Syngas Conditioning Air Separation
Unit FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS Introduction Fischer-Tropsch Mechanism
Fischer-Tropsch Product Selectivity Selectivity Manipulation in
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst Deactivitation PART III:
Industrial Fischer-Tropsch Facilities FISCHER-TROPSCH GAS LOOPS
Introduction Gas Loop Configurations Syncrude Cooling and Separation GERMAN
FISCHER-TROPSCH FACILITIES Introduction Synthesis Gas Production
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Refining Discussion of the
Refinery Design AMERICAN HYDROCOL FACILITY Introduction Synthesis Gas
Production Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Refining Discussion of
the Refinery Design SASOL 1 FACILITY Introduction Synthesis Gas Production
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Refining Evolution of the Sasol 1
Facility Discussion of the Refinery Design SASOL 2 AND 3 FACILITIES
Introduction Synthesis Gas Production Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Fischer-Tropsch Refining Evolution of Sasol Synfuels Discussion of the
Refinery Design MOSSGAS FACILITY Introduction Synthesis Gas Production
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Refining Evolution of the PetroSA
Facility Discussion of the Refinery Design SHELL MIDDLE DISTILLATE
SYNTHESIS (SMDS) FACILITIES Introduction Synthesis Gas Production in
Bintulu GTL Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in Bintulu GTL Fischer-Tropsch
Refining in Bintulu GTL Pearl GTL Facility Discussion of the Refinery
Design ORYX AND ESCRAVOS GAS-TO-LIQUIDS FACILITIES Introduction Synthesis
Gas Production in Oryx GTL Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in Oryx GTL
Fischer-Tropsch Refining in Oryx GTL Discussion of the Refinery Design PART
IV: Synthetic Transportation Fuels MOTOR-GASOLINE Introduction
Motor-Gasoline Specifications Motor-Gasoline Properties Aviation Gasoline
Future Motor-Gasoline Specification Changes JET FUEL Introduction Jet Fuel
Specifications Jet Fuel Properties Future Jet Fuel Specification Changes
DIESEL FUEL Introduction Diesel Fuel Specifications Diesel Fuel Properties
Diesel Fuel Additives That Affect Refinery Design Future Diesel Fuel
Specification Changes PART V: Refining Technology REFINING TECHNOLOGY
SELECTION Introduction Hydrotreating Addition and Removal of Oxygen Alkene
Conversion Alkane Conversion Residue Conversion DEHYDRATION,
ETHERIFICATION, AND HYDRATION Introduction Dehydration Etherification
Hydration ISOMERIZATION Introduction Reaction Chemistry Skeletal
Isomerization Hydroisomerization OLIGOMERIZATION Introduction Reaction
Chemistry Catalysis Syncrude Process Technology AROMATIC ALKYLATION
Introduction Reaction Chemistry Catalysis Syncrude Process Technology
CRACKING Introduction Reaction Chemistry Thermal Cracking Catalytic
Cracking Hydrocracking REFORMING AND AROMATIZATION Introduction Thermal
Naphtha Reforming Conventional Catalytic Naphtha Reforming Monofunctional
Nonacidic Pt/L-Zeolite Naphtha Reforming Aromatization CHEMICAL
TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Production of n-1-Aleknes (Linear Alpha-Olefins)
Autoxidation PART VI: Refinery Design PRINCIPLES OF REFINERY DESIGN
Introduction Refinery Design Concepts Conceptual Refinery Design Real-World
Refinery Design MOTOR-GASOLINE REFINING Introduction Gap Analysis for
Syncrude to Motor-Gasoline Decisions Affecting Motor-Gasoline Refining
Motor-Gasoline Refining from HTFT Syncrude Motor-Gasoline Refining from
LTFT Syncrude JET FUEL REFINING Introduction Gap Analysis for Syncrude to
Jet Fuel Decisions Affecting Jet Fuel Refining Jet Fuel Refining from HTFT
Syncrude Jet Fuel Refining from LTFT Syncrude DIESEL FUEL REFINING
Introduction Gap Analysis for Syncrude to Diesel Fuel Decisions Affecting
Diesel Fuel Refining Diesel Fuel Refining from HTFT Syncrude Diesel Fuel
Refining from LTFT Syncrude CHEMICALS AND LUBRICANT REFINING Introduction
Petrochemical and Lubricant Markets Overview of Chemicals Refining Concepts
for Syncrude Fischer-Tropsch-Based Petrochemical Refining
Fischer-Tropsch-Based Lubricant Base Oil Refining