Bioenergy Feedstocks (eBook, PDF)

Breeding and Genetics
Redaktion: Saha, Malay C.; Bouton, Joseph H.; Bhandhari, Hem S.

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Bioenergy and biofuels are generated from a wide variety of feedstock. Fuels have been converted from a wide range of sources from vegetable oils to grains and sugarcane. Second generation biofuels are being developed around dedicated, non-food energy crops, such as switchgrass and Miscanthus, with an eye toward bioenergy sustainability. Bioenergy Feedstocks: Breeding and Genetics looks at advances in our understanding of the genetics and breeding practices across this diverse range of crops and provides readers with a valuable tool to improve cultivars and increase energy crop yields. Bioenergy Feedstocks: Breeding and Genetics opens with chapters focusing primarily on advances in the genetics and molecular biology of dedicated energy crops. These chapters provide in-depth coverage of new, high-potential feedstocks. The remaining chapters provide valuable overview of breeding efforts of current feedstocks with specific attention paid to the development of bioenergy traits. Coverage in these chapters includes crops such as sorghum, energy canes, corn, and other grasses and forages. The final chapters explore the role of transgenics in bioenergy feedstock production and the development of low-input strategies for producing bioenergy crops. A timely collection of work from a global team of bioenergy researchers and crop scientists, Bioenergy Feedstocks: Breeding and Genetics is an essential reference on cultivar improvement of biomass feedstock crops.

---

Dieser Download kann aus rechtlichen Gründen nur mit Rechnungsadresse in A, B, BG, CY, CZ, D, DK, EW, E, FIN, F, GR, HR, H, IRL, I, LT, L, LR, M, NL, PL, P, R, S, SLO, SK ausgeliefert werden.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 304
• Erscheinungstermin: 27. März 2013
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118617694
• Artikelnr.: 38260542

Autorenporträt

Malay C. Saha is an Associate Professor and Principal Investigator of the Molecular Markers Lab, Forage Improvement Division at The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation in Ardmore, OK. Hem S. Bhandari is an Assistant Professor of Bioenergy/Biomass Feedstock Breeding and Genetics at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. Joseph H. Bouton is the former Director and Senior Vice President, Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OKand Emeritus Professor of Crop and Soil Sciences at the University of Georgia, Athens, GA.

Inhaltsangabe

The Editors List of Contributors Preface 1 Introduction 1.1 Historical
Development 1.2 Cultivar Development 1.3 Breeding Approach 1.4 Molecular
Tools 1.5 Future Outlook References 2 Switchgrass Genetics and Breeding
Challenges 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Origin and Distribution 2.3 Growth and
Development, Genome Structure and Cytogenetics 2.3.1 Growth and Development
2.3.2 Genome Structure and Cytogenetics 2.4 Genetic Diversity 2.5
Phenotypic Variability and Inheritance 2.6 Conventional Breeding Approaches
2.6.1 Early Work 2.6.2 Systematic Recurrent Selection 2.6.3 Heterosis 2.7
Molecular Breeding 2.7.1 Molecular Markers Used for Switchgrass and Other
Polyploids 2.7.2 Molecular Mapping 2.7.3 Association Mapping 2.7.4
Transgenic Approaches 2.8 Conclusions and Future Directions References 3
Switchgrass Genomics 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Genome Sequencing 3.2.1 Other
Available Sequence Resources 3.3 Analysis of Expressed Sequences in
Switchgrass 3.4 Linkage Mapping 3.5 Cytoplasmic Genome 3.6 Genome-enabled
Improvement of Switchgrass 3.7 Conclusions References 4 Germplasm Resources
of Miscanthus and Their Application in Breeding 4.1 Introduction 4.2
Species Belong to Miscanthus Genus, Their Characteristics, and Phylogenetic
Relationships 4.2.1 Section: Eumiscanthus 4.2.2 Section: Triarrhena 4.2.3
Section: Kariyasu 4.3 Natural Hybrids between Miscanthus Species 4.4
Karyotype Analysis 4.5 Phylogenetic Relationships between Miscanthus
Species 4.6 Genetic Improvement of Miscanthus 4.6.1 Germplasm Collection
and Management 4.6.2 Artificial Hybridization 4.6.3 Polyploidization 4.7
Variations in Several Agronomical Traits Related to Yield and Plant
Performance 4.7.1 Variation in Flowering Time 4.7.2 Variation in Cold
Tolerance 4.7.3 Variation in Lignin, Cellulose, and Mineral Content 4.8
Molecular Resources 4.8.1 Development of Linkage Map for Miscanthus 4.8.2
QTL Analysis of Traits Related to Yield and Mineral Content 4.8.3 Molecular
Markers for Hybrids Identification 4.9 Transgenic Miscanthus 4.10 Future
Studies References 5 Breeding Miscanthus for Bioenergy 5.1 Introduction 5.2
Miscanthus as a Biomass Crop 5.3 Breeding Strategy 5.3.1 Collection and
Characterization 5.3.2 Hybridization 5.3.3Ex Situ Phenotypic
Characterization 5.3.4 Large-scale Demonstration Trials 5.4 Genetic
Diversity 5.5 Breeding Targets 5.5.1 Biomass Yield 5.5.2 Morphological
Traits Contributing to High Yield Potential 5.5.3 Seed Propagation: Crop
Diversification and Reducing the Cost of Establishment 5.6 Incorporating
Bioinformatics, Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS), and Genome-Wide
Association Selection (GWAS) 5.7 Summary Acknowledgments References 6
Breeding Sorghum as a Bioenergy Crop 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Botanical
Description and Evolution 6.2.1 Basic Characteristics 6.2.2 Evolution and
Distribution 6.3 Traditional Breeding and Development 6.3.1 Initial Sorghum
Improvement 6.3.2 Development of Hybrid Sorghum and Heterosis 6.3.3 Current
Sorghum Breeding Approaches 6.3.4 Germplasm Resources 6.4 Approaches to
Breeding Sorghum as a Bioenergy Crop 6.4.1 Grain Sorghum 6.4.2 Sweet
Sorghum 6.4.3 Biomass Sorghum 6.5 Composition in Energy Sorghum Breeding
6.6 Genetic Variation and Inheritance 6.6.1 Grain Sorghum 6.6.2 Grain
Quality/Starch Composition 6.6.3 Dual Purpose--Grain and Stalk 6.6.4
Soluble Carbohydrates 6.6.5 Breeding for Stress Tolerance 6.7 Wide
Hybridization 6.7.1 Interspecific Hybridization 6.7.2 Intergeneric
Hybridization 6.8 Conclusions References 7 Energy Cane 7.1 Introduction 7.2
Sugar and Energy Production Systems 7.2.1 Current Global Sugarcane
Production 7.2.2 Bioenergy Production from Sugarcane in Brazil 7.2.3
Overview of Main Components in Existing Sugarcane Production Systems 7.2.4
Overview and Potential Trends 7.3 Sugarcane Improvement 7.3.1 Taxonomy and
Crop Physiology 7.3.2 History of Sugarcane Breeding 7.3.3 Basic Features of
Sugarcane Breeding Programs 7.3.4 Composition of Cane for Sugar or Energy
Production 7.3.5 Application of Molecular Genetics in Developing Energy
Cane 7.4 Selection of Sugarcane Genotypes for Energy Production 7.4.1
Overall Directions 7.4.2 Example of Economic Weightings for Selecting
Sugarcane for Energy Products 7.4.3 Progress in Breeding for Energy
Production 7.5 Conclusion Acknowledgments References 8 Breeding Maize for
Lignocellulosic Biofuel Production 8.1 Introduction 8.2 General Attributes
of Maize as a Biofuel Crop 8.3 Potential Uses of Maize Stover for Bioenergy
8.4 Breeding Maize for Biofuels 8.4.1 Selection Criteria 8.4.2 Stover Yield
8.4.3 Maximum Biomass Yield and the Effects of Time and Latitude 8.4.4
Stover Quality 8.4.5 Sustainability Parameters 8.4.6 Breeding Methods 8.5
Single Genes and Transgenes 8.6 Future Outlook References 9 Underutilized
Grasses 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Prairie Cordgrass 9.2.1 Importance 9.2.2
Genetic Variation and Breeding Methods 9.2.3 Future Goals 9.3 Bluestems
9.3.1 Importance 9.3.2 Genetic Variation and Breeding Methods 9.3.3 Future
Goals 9.4 Eastern Gamagrass 9.4.1 Importance 9.4.2 Genetic Variation and
Breeding Methods 9.4.3 Future Goals References 10 Alfalfa as a Bioenergy
Crop 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Biomass for Biofuels 10.2.1
Lignocellulose-based Biofuels 10.2.2 Plant Cell Wall Components 10.3 Why
Alfalfa? 10.3.1Background 10.3.2 Prospect as a Biofuel Feedstock 10.4
Breeding Strategies 10.4.1 Germplasm Resources 10.4.2 Cultivar Development
10.4.3 Synthetic Cultivars and Heterosis 10.4.4 Molecular Breeding 10.4.5
Trait Integration Through Biotechnology 10.5 Breeding Targets 10.5.1
Biomass Yield 10.5.2 Forage Quality and Composition 10.5.3 Stress Tolerance
10.5.4 Winter Hardiness 10.6 Management and Production Inputs 10.7
Processing for Biofuels 10.8 Additional Value from Alfalfa Production
10.8.1 Environmental Benefits 10.8.2 Alfalfa Co-products 10.9 Summary
Acknowledgments References 11 Transgenics for Biomass 11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Biomass for Biofuels 11.1.2 Biofuels 11.1.3 Lignocellulosic Biomass
11.2 Transgenic Approaches 11.2.1 Biolistics Transformation 11.2.2
Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation 11.3 Transgenic Approaches for
Biomass Improvement 11.3.1 Improving Biomass Yield 11.3.2 Modifying Biomass
Composition 11.3.3 Regulatory Issues of Transgenic Bioenergy Crops 11.4
Summary Acknowledgments References 12 Endophytes in Low-input Agriculture
and Plant Biomass Production 12.1 Introduction 12.2 What are Endophytes?
12.3 Endophytes of Cool Season Grasses 12.4 Endophytes of Warm Season
Grasses 12.5 Endophytes of Woody Angiosperms 12.6 Other Fungal Endophytes
12.7 Endophytes in Biomass Crop Production 12.8 The Use of Fungal
Endophytes in Bioenergy Crop Production Systems 12.9 Endophyte Consortia
12.10 Source of Novel Compounds 12.11 Endophyte in Genetic Engineering of
Host Plants 12.12 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Index