Backbone of Europe (eBook, ePUB)

Health, Diet, Work and Violence over Two Millennia
Redaktion: Steckel, Richard H.

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Using human skeletal remains, this volume traces health, workload and violence in the European population over the past 2,000 years. Health was surprisingly good for people who lived during the early Medieval Period. The Plague of Justinian of the sixth century was ultimately beneficial for health because the smaller population had relatively more resources that contributed to better living conditions. Increasing population density and inequality in the following centuries imposed an unhealthy diet - poor in protein - on the European population. With the onset of the Little Ice Age in the late Middle Ages, a further health decline ensued, which was not reversed until the nineteenth century. While some aspects of health declined, other attributes improved. During the early modern period, interpersonal violence (outside of warfare) declined possibly because stronger states and institutions were able to enforce compromise and cooperation. European health over the past two millennia was hence multifaceted in nature.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Cambridge University Press
• Erscheinungstermin: 15. November 2018
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781108386449
• Artikelnr.: 61304580

Inhaltsangabe

1. The European History of Health project: introduction to goals,
materials, and methods Richard H. Steckel, Clark Spencer Larsen, Charlotte
A. Roberts and Joerg Baten; 2. Contextual dimensions of health and
lifestyle: isotopes, diet, migration, and the archaeological and historical
records Rimantas Jankauskas and Gisela Grupe; 3. Measuring community health
using skeletal remains: a health index for Europe Richard H. Steckel and
Anna Kjellström; 4. The history of European oral health: evidence from
dental caries and antemortem tooth loss Ursula Witwer-Backofen and Felix
Engel; 5. Proliferative periosteal reactions: assessment of trends in
Europe over the past two millennia Carina Marques, Vitor Matos and Nicholas
J. Meinzer; 6. Growth disruption in children: linear enamel hypoplasias
Zsolt Bereczki, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Antonia Marcsik, Nicholas Meinzer
and Joerg Baten; 7. History of anemia and related nutritional deficiencies:
evidence from cranial porosities Anastasia Papathanasiou, Nicholas J.
Meinzer, Kimberly D. Williams and Clark Spencer Larsen; 8. Agricultural
specialization, urbanization, workload and stature Nicholas Meinzer,
Richard H. Steckel and Joerg Baten; 9. History of degenerative joint
disease in people across Europe - bioarchaeological inferences about
lifestyle and activity from osteoarthritis and vertebral osteophytosis
Kimberly D. Williams, Nicholas J. Meinzer and Clark Spencer Larsen; 10. The
history of violence in Europe: evidence from cranial and postcranial bone
trauma Joerg Baten and Richard H. Steckel; 11. The developmental origins of
health and disease: early life experiences and adult age at death in
Europe: evidence from skeletal remains Charlotte A. Roberts and Richard H.
Steckel; 12. Climate and health: Europe from the pre-Middle Ages to the
nineteenth century Richard H. Steckel and Felix Engel; 13. Multidimensional
patterns of European health, work, and violence over the past two millennia
Joerg Baten, Richard H. Steckel, Clark Spencer Larsen and Charlotte A.
Roberts; 14. Data collection codebook Richard H. Steckel, Clark Spencer
Larsen, Paul W. Sciulli and Phillip L. Walker; 15. Database creation,
management, and analysis Charlotte A. Roberts, Richard H. Steckel and Clark
Spencer Larsen.