Pharmaceutical research has a long-standing tradition in Bayer since the estab lishment of a Pharmaceutical Department 25 years after the foundation of the Farbenfabriken of Friedrich Bayer & Co. in the city of Elberfeld, Germany. In 1888 one of the first antipyretic drugs, phenacetin, was synthesized. A mile stone was marked by the discovery and launch of Aspirin in 1899, the most widely used and appreciated drug since then. The success of Bayer 205 (Germanin TM) in the treatment of sleeping sickness 1ed not only to the worldwide recognition of Bayer as a pharmaceutical com pany but also to…mehr
Pharmaceutical research has a long-standing tradition in Bayer since the estab lishment of a Pharmaceutical Department 25 years after the foundation of the Farbenfabriken of Friedrich Bayer & Co. in the city of Elberfeld, Germany. In 1888 one of the first antipyretic drugs, phenacetin, was synthesized. A mile stone was marked by the discovery and launch of Aspirin in 1899, the most widely used and appreciated drug since then. The success of Bayer 205 (Germanin TM) in the treatment of sleeping sickness 1ed not only to the worldwide recognition of Bayer as a pharmaceutical com pany but also to intense research into anti-infective therapy. The antimalarial drugs Atebrin TM, Plasmochin and Resochin were the first of a whole series of significant contributions and even breakthroughs in the therapy of infections. The advances and the success of antibacterial therapy was heralded by the discovery of the antibacterial activity of the sulfonamides by Domagk, Klarer and Mietsch. The first drug of this class of compounds, Prontosil , opened the new era of therapeutic control of bacterial infections. In 1939 Domagk received the Nobel Prize for Medicine for this breakthrough. A furt her breakthrough in the chemotherapy of the scourge of tuberculosis was achieved in 1946 by Domagk and his colleagues Behnisch, Mietzsch and Schmidt with the development of Conte ben TM, followed shortly afterwards by the discovery of isoniazid (Neoteben TM) by Domagk, Offe and Siefken.
The Challenge of Perspective.- On Bacteriological Research.- Background to Robert Koch's Lecture at the International Congress in Berlin, 1890.- Classical Mechanisms of Antibacterial Drugs.- Multiple Penicillin Binding Protein Profiles in Penicillin Resistant Pneumococci: Evidence for the Clonal Nature of Resistance Among Clinical Isolates.- Antibiotic Uptake into Gram-Negative Bacteria.- Inhibition of Protein Biosynthesis by Antibiotics.- Inhibition of DNA Gyrase: Bacterial Sensitivity and Clinical Resistance to 4-Quinolones.- Mechanisms of Nonbacterial Anti-Infective Drugs.- Mechanisms of Antiretroviral Compounds in Inhibition of Viral and Cellular DNA Polymerase.- Effects of Drugs on Lipids and Membrane Integrity of Fungi.- Membrane Changes Induced by Praziquantel.- Mechanisms of Action of Antimalarial Drugs.- Pathogenic Microbial Mechanisms Susceptible to Drug Application.- Bacterial Adherence in Pathogenicity.- Haemophilus influenzae Gene Expression and Bacterial Invasion.- Coordinate Regulation of Bacterial Virulence Genes.- Microbial Drug Resistance.- Transposon Transfer of Drug Resistance.- Bacterial Proteins Involved in Antimicrobial Drug Resistance.- Persistent Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and Mechanisms of Virus Drug Resistance.- Pharmacology and Drug Delivery.- Antiviral Therapy with Small Particle Aerosols.- Liposomes and Lipid Structures as Carriers of Amphotericin B.- Targeted Liposomes Bearing Sendai for Influenza Envelope Glycoproteins as a Potential Carrier for Protein Molecules and Genes.- Host Determinants in Anti-Infective Chemotherapy.- Cell Mediated Immunity, Immunodeficiency and Microbial Infections.- Neutropenia: Antibiotic Combinations for Empiric Therapy.- Modulation of the Host Flora.- Enhancement of Host Resistance by Control of FungalGrowth.- Nonvaccine Immunoalteration of the Host.- Passive Immunotherapy of Infectious Diseases: Lessons from the Past, Directions for the Future.- T-Cell Mediated Immunopathology in Viral Infections.- New Diseases and Disease Epidemiology.- Adherence and Proliferation of Bacteria on Artificial Surfaces.- Current Knowledge of Chlamydia TWAR, an Important Cause of Pneumonia and Other Acute Respiratory Diseases.- Current Status of Antiviral Chemotherapy for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Its Impact on Disease Control.- Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Opportunistic Infections in Patients with AIDS.- New Technology and Drug Design.- Nucleic Acid Hybridization: A Rapid Method for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases.- New Technology and Immunospecific Reactions in Helminthic Diseases.- Molecular Targets of Chemotherapeutic Agents Against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.- Modern Strategies in the Design of Antimicrobial Agents.- Future Development and Use of Anti-Infective Chemotherapy.- The Future Challenge of Infectious Disease.- Barriers to Effective Anti-Infective Therapy: The Perspectives of a Clinical Pharmacologist.- Optimal Use of Antimicrobial Agents.- Views of Future Anti-Infective Therapy (Panel Discussion).
The Challenge of Perspective.- On Bacteriological Research.- Background to Robert Koch's Lecture at the International Congress in Berlin, 1890.- Classical Mechanisms of Antibacterial Drugs.- Multiple Penicillin Binding Protein Profiles in Penicillin Resistant Pneumococci: Evidence for the Clonal Nature of Resistance Among Clinical Isolates.- Antibiotic Uptake into Gram-Negative Bacteria.- Inhibition of Protein Biosynthesis by Antibiotics.- Inhibition of DNA Gyrase: Bacterial Sensitivity and Clinical Resistance to 4-Quinolones.- Mechanisms of Nonbacterial Anti-Infective Drugs.- Mechanisms of Antiretroviral Compounds in Inhibition of Viral and Cellular DNA Polymerase.- Effects of Drugs on Lipids and Membrane Integrity of Fungi.- Membrane Changes Induced by Praziquantel.- Mechanisms of Action of Antimalarial Drugs.- Pathogenic Microbial Mechanisms Susceptible to Drug Application.- Bacterial Adherence in Pathogenicity.- Haemophilus influenzae Gene Expression and Bacterial Invasion.- Coordinate Regulation of Bacterial Virulence Genes.- Microbial Drug Resistance.- Transposon Transfer of Drug Resistance.- Bacterial Proteins Involved in Antimicrobial Drug Resistance.- Persistent Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and Mechanisms of Virus Drug Resistance.- Pharmacology and Drug Delivery.- Antiviral Therapy with Small Particle Aerosols.- Liposomes and Lipid Structures as Carriers of Amphotericin B.- Targeted Liposomes Bearing Sendai for Influenza Envelope Glycoproteins as a Potential Carrier for Protein Molecules and Genes.- Host Determinants in Anti-Infective Chemotherapy.- Cell Mediated Immunity, Immunodeficiency and Microbial Infections.- Neutropenia: Antibiotic Combinations for Empiric Therapy.- Modulation of the Host Flora.- Enhancement of Host Resistance by Control of FungalGrowth.- Nonvaccine Immunoalteration of the Host.- Passive Immunotherapy of Infectious Diseases: Lessons from the Past, Directions for the Future.- T-Cell Mediated Immunopathology in Viral Infections.- New Diseases and Disease Epidemiology.- Adherence and Proliferation of Bacteria on Artificial Surfaces.- Current Knowledge of Chlamydia TWAR, an Important Cause of Pneumonia and Other Acute Respiratory Diseases.- Current Status of Antiviral Chemotherapy for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Its Impact on Disease Control.- Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Opportunistic Infections in Patients with AIDS.- New Technology and Drug Design.- Nucleic Acid Hybridization: A Rapid Method for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases.- New Technology and Immunospecific Reactions in Helminthic Diseases.- Molecular Targets of Chemotherapeutic Agents Against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.- Modern Strategies in the Design of Antimicrobial Agents.- Future Development and Use of Anti-Infective Chemotherapy.- The Future Challenge of Infectious Disease.- Barriers to Effective Anti-Infective Therapy: The Perspectives of a Clinical Pharmacologist.- Optimal Use of Antimicrobial Agents.- Views of Future Anti-Infective Therapy (Panel Discussion).
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