Stephen P Schwartz

A Brief History of Analytic Philosophy

From Russell to Rawls

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

A Brief History of Analytic Philosophy: from Russell to Rawls provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development of all major aspects of Anglo-American analytic philosophy. Beginning with the seminal works of Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell and G. E. Moore, Stephen P. Schwartz covers the foremost figures and schools of analytic philosophy, including, in addition to those already mentioned, Wittgenstein, Carnap, Quine, Davidson, Kripke, Putnam, Rawls, and many others. As well as presenting arguments put forth by individual philosophers, Schwartz traces the various social and political influences that helped shape analytic philosophy as it evolved over the last century. Topics considered include the emergence of logical positivism and its critics, ordinary language philosophy, Wittgenstein's self-critical philosophy, the American neo-pragmatists, analytic ethics, late-20th-century developments, and future directions. A Brief History of Analytic Philosophy offers illuminating insights into the origins and 100-year evolution of the dominant force in Western philosophy.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Open Stax Textbooks
• Seitenzahl: 368
• Erscheinungstermin: 5. Juni 2012
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 231mm x 155mm x 23mm
• Gewicht: 612g
• ISBN-13: 9780470672075
• ISBN-10: 0470672072
• Artikelnr.: 34743294

Autorenporträt

Stephen P. Schwartz is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Philosophy and Religion at Ithaca College, New York. He has published numerous articles in leading analytic philosophy journals.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xi

Introduction: What is Analytic Philosophy? 1

Leading Analytic Philosophers 6

1 Russell and Moore 8

Empiricism, Mathematics, and Symbolic Logic 8

Logicism 12

Russell on Definite Descriptions 20

G. E. Moore's Philosophy of Common Sense 27

Moore and Russell on Sense Data 30

Moore's and Russell's Anti-Hegelianism 33

Summary 38

2 Wittgenstein, the Vienna Circle, and Logical Positivism46

Introduction 46

Ludwig Wittgenstein and the TractatusLogico-Philosophicus 48

Historical Note: The Vienna Circle and their Allies58

The Elimination of Metaphysics and the Logical PositivistProgram 59

The Demise of the Vienna Circle 68

The Influence of the Logical Positivists 69

3 Responses to Logical Positivism: Quine, Kuhn, and AmericanPragmatism 76

Introduction 76

The Demise of the Verifiability Criterion ofMeaningfulness 78

Quine's Rejection of the Analytic/SyntheticDistinction 82

Quinean Empiricism without the Dogmas 86

American Pragmatists after Quine: Nelson Goodman, RichardRorty, and Hilary Putnam 101

4 Oxford Ordinary Language Philosophy and Later Wittgenstein119

Introduction 119

The Attack on Formalism - Strawson and Ryle 124

Philosophy of Language - Austin and Wittgenstein128

Philosophy of Mind - Ryle, Strawson, andWittgenstein 138

The Rejection of Sense Data Theory 147

The Legacy of Ordinary Language Philosophy 153

5 Responses to Ordinary Language Philosophy: Logic, Language,and Mind 160

Part 1: Formal Logic and Philosophy of Language161

G¨odel and Tarski 161

Davidson 166

Grice 174

Carnap - Meaning and Necessity 178

Chomsky 180

Part 2: Philosophy of Mind 183

Functionalism 183

Objections to Functionalism - Bats and the ChineseRoom 188

Anomalous Monism 192

The Problem of Mental Causation 194

6 The Rebirth of Metaphysics 204

Modal Logic 204

Possible Worlds 212

Problems with the Canonical Conception of Possible Worlds216

Transworld Identity and Identification 223

The Modal Version of the Ontological Argument 229

7 Naming, Necessity, and Natural Kinds: Kripke, Putnam, andDonnellan 239

Introduction 239

The Traditional Theory of Meaning and Reference 240

Kripke's and Donnellan's Criticism of the Traditional Theory:Names and Descriptions 243

Natural Kind Terms 247

Problems for the New Theory of Reference 253

Applications of the New Theory of Reference to the Philosophyof Mind 257

The Social, Cultural, and Institutional Basis of Meaning andReference 260

8 Ethics and Metaethics in the Analytic Tradition 264

Introduction 264

G. E. Moore's Principia Ethica 266

The Non-Cognitivism of C. L. Stevenson 269

The Universal Prescriptivism of R. M. Hare 272

The Return to Substantive Ethics 275

Questioning the Fact/Value Divide 278

Peter Singer and Animal Liberation 281

John Rawls' Theory of Justice 285

9 Epilogue: Analytic Philosophy Today and Tomorrow299

Analytic Philosophy since 1980 299

What is the Future of Analytic Philosophy? 321

References 327

Index 337

Rezensionen

"Schwartz's book...is, in my estimation, the mostuseful introduction to the history of analytic philosophy currentlyavailable for a general audience." (Notre DamePhilosophical Reviews, 15 December 2012)

"As far removed as I am from my own university studies inthe history of philosophy, I found reading the book a bracingrefresher of things learned long ago (and sometimes forgotten) anda source of more than a few new insights on familiarcontroversies."

(Teaching Philosophy, 1 March 2013)

"Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower-and upper-levelundergraduates." (Choice, 1 December 2012)Stephen Schwartz's A Brief History of Analytic Philosophyprovides an engaging, non-technical historical introduction tocentral themes in analytical philosophy, the dominant approach tophilosophical issues in the English-speaking world since the onsetof the 20th century. Schwartz illuminates topics for novicesand specialists alike by tracing their sources to pressing disputesamong mathematicians and scientists as well as philosophers. Thebook, captivating in its own right, will prove especially usefulwhen read alongside targeted original sources. There is nothingelse quite like it.

John Heil, Washington University in Saint Louis