Votes for Women (eBook, PDF)

Elizabeth Robins (1862-1952) was an American actress, playwright, scholar, and suffragette. Born in Kentucky, Robins was raised by her grandmother in Ohio following her father's abandonment and mother's subsequent commitment to an insane asylum. Educated and encouraged in her interest in the dramatic arts, she began a successful career as an actress in Boston before moving to London after the tragic suicide of her husband, George Parks. In England, she renewed her acting career, befriending such figures as Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw while playing an influential role in bringing Henrik Ibsen's plays to the English stage. At the height of her career, she produced Ibsen's Hedda Gabler for the first time in England, playing the title character and establishing herself as one of the foremost performers and theater scholars of her day. After retiring from the stage in 1902, Robins embarked on a career as a writer of novels, stories, and plays, authoring successful works of fiction and nonfiction alike. As the women's suffrage movement gathered steam, she joined the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies and the Women's Social and Political Union and advocated for women's rights through both public activism and such literary works as Votes for Women! (1907).