Russian-born theoretical physicist Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov received the 2003 Nobel Prize for his contributions to condensed matter physics. He earned his Ph.D. on the theory of thermal diffusion in plasmas at the Institute for Physical Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1951, and four years later received a higher doctorate degree with a thesis on quantum electrodynamics at high energies. In 1966 he was awarded the Lenin Prize, and upon coming to the United States in 1991, he worked as a Distinguished Scientist at the Argonne National Laboratory.
