James Lewis Thomas Chalmers Spence was born on November 25, 1874, in Monifieth, United Kingdom, to parents James Spence and Margaret Chalmers. He received his education at the University of Edinburgh, where he developed a strong foundation in literature, history, and the study of myth. Throughout his life, he pursued multiple intellectual paths as a journalist, poet, author, folklorist, and scholar of the occult. Spence's fascination with ancient belief systems and comparative mythology led him to publish numerous works exploring Celtic traditions, Atlantis, and spiritual symbolism. He contributed significantly to early 20th-century thought by examining the intersections of folklore, anthropology, and esoteric beliefs. Spence was known for seeking patterns in mythic narratives that connected different civilizations, reflecting his broader interest in cultural continuity and lost knowledge. He became a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland and served as vice-president of the Scottish Anthropological and Folklore Society. Beyond his literary and academic achievements, Spence also engaged with political activism, founding the Scottish National Movement and later becoming associated with the Scottish National Party. He died in Edinburgh on March 3, 1955, leaving behind a legacy rich in cultural inquiry and national pride.
