William James

Broschiertes Buch

Talks to Teachers

On Psychology and to Students on Some of Life's Ideals

Beschreibung

Chapter I. 9 PSYCHOLOGY AND THE TEACHING ART The American educational organization, -What teachers may expect from psychology, -Teaching methods must agree with psychology, but cannot be immediately deduced therefrom, -The science of teaching and the science of war, -The educational uses of psychology defined, -The teacher's duty toward child-study. Chapter II. 15 THE STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS Our mental life is a succession of conscious 'fields, '-They have a focus and a margin, -This description contrasted with the theory of 'ideas, '-Wundt's conclusions, note. Chapter III. 19 THE CHILD AS A BEHAVING ORGANISM Mind as pure reason and mind as practical guide, -The latter view the more fashionable one to-day, -It will be adopted in this work, -Why so?-The teacher's function is to train pupils to behavior. Chapter IV. 23 EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR Education defined, -Conduct is always its outcome, -Different national ideals: Germany and England. Chapter V. 25 THE NECESSITY OF REACTIONS No impression without expression, -Verbal reproduction, -Manual training, -Pupils should know their 'marks'. Chapter VI. 28 NATIVE REACTIONS AND ACQUIRED REACTIONS The acquired reactions must be preceded by native ones, -Illustration: teaching child to ask instead of snatching, -Man has more instincts than other mammals. Chapter VII. 31 WHAT THE NATIVE REACTIONS ARE Fear and love, -Curiosity, -Imitation, -Emulation, -Forbidden by Rousseau, -His error, -Ambition, pugnacity, and pride. Soft pedagogics and the fighting impulse, -Ownership, -Its educational uses, -Constructiveness, -Manual teaching, -Transitoriness in instincts, -Their order of succession. Chapter VIII. 40 THE LAWS OF HABIT Good and bad habits, -Habit due to plasticity of organic tissues, -The aim of education is to make useful habits automatic, -Maxims relative to habit-forming: 1. Strong initiative, -2. No exception, -3. Seize first opportunity to act, -4. Don't preach, -Darwin and poetry: without exercise our capacities decay, -The habit of mental and muscular relaxation, -Fifth maxim, keep the faculty of effort trained, -Sudden conversions compatible with laws of habit, -Momentous influence of habits on character. Chapter IX. 48 THE ASSOCIATION OF IDEAS A case of habit, -The two laws, contiguity and similarity, -The teacher has to build up useful systems of association, -Habitual associations determine character, -Indeterminateness of our trains of association, -We can trace them backward, but not foretell them, -Interest deflects, -Prepotent parts of the field, -In teaching, multiply cues. Chapter X. 54 INTEREST The child's native interests, -How uninteresting things acquire an interest, -Rules for the teacher, -'Preparation' of the mind for the lesson: the pupil must have something to attend with, -All later interests are borrowed from original ones. Chapter XI. 59 ATTENTION Interest and attention are two aspects of one fact, -Voluntary attention comes in beats, -Genius and attention, -The subject must change to win attention, -Mechanical aids, -The physiological process, -The new in the old is what excites interest, -Interest and effort are compatible, -Mind-wandering, -No

Autor

William Canton (1845-1926) was a British author, poet, and journalist who wrote extensively on a wide range of topics, including children's literature, travel, and natural history. Born in Chichester, England, Canton began his career as a journalist, working for various newspapers and magazines in London. He later turned to write books, and is best known for his children's books, which include "A Child's Book of Saints," "The Invisible Playmate," and "W.V., Her Book." Canton's writing was characterized by its imaginative and lyrical style, as well as its focus on nature and spirituality. He was deeply interested in the natural world, and his books often included descriptions of animals, plants, and landscapes. In addition to his writing, Canton was also a respected lecturer and broadcaster and gave talks on a variety of subjects, including literature, religion, and science. He was known for his engaging and entertaining style, and was popular with audiences of all ages. Canton remained active as a writer and public speaker throughout his life, and his work continued to be well-regarded even after his death in 1926. His books for children, in particular, are still widely read and cherished for their warmth, wisdom, and poetic language.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: W. W. Norton & Company
• Seitenzahl: 192
• Erscheinungstermin: 1. Dezember 1958
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 203mm x 127mm x 11mm
• Gewicht: 213g
• ISBN-13: 9780393001655
• ISBN-10: 0393001652
• Artikelnr.: 23605655