Surgical Management of Congestive Heart Failure

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Surgical therapy for advanced heart failure has been traditionally limited to cardiac transplantation. Historically, other surgical interventions on the failing heart have been limited by significant perio-operative morbidity and mortality and a lack of evidence that such surgical interventions improved long-term outcomes. Moreover, cardiac transplantation is limited by the lack of donor organs, and advances in medical management have primarily only slowed disease progression. However, recent improvements in surgical techniques and rapid advances in device technology can now produce predictabl...