Studies On Ionospheric Irregularities Using Remote Sensing Techniques

Studies On Ionospheric Irregularities Using Remote Sensing Techniques

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Most of our knowledge of the ionosphere comes from remote sensing by radio waves. One of the earliest ground-based high frequency radar devices is the ionosonde, which yields vertical electron density profiles up to but not above the altitude of the highest electron density (NmF2). Although incoherent scatter radars have the ability to make measurements up to the topside ionosphere, they are limited in number (10). To be able to specify and forecast ionospheric phenomenon very accurately, it is mandatory to have continuous and reliable observations simultaneously in thermospheric, ionospheric,...