Skin Carcinogenesis in Man and in Experimental Models
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This book presents an updated overview of the current stateof the art in scientific, experimental and clinicalinvestigations on the generation and the prevention ofcancer of the skin. From the achievements presented, markedrefinements in the assessment of the risk of cancer, byenvironmental and endogenous factors, including tumor virus,will be stimulated. They include the problem of thestratospheric `ozone holes` above both poles of the earthcausing much public concern as expressed by currentheadlines in the media and by the United NationsEnvironmental Program. Moreover, new ideas will merge fordeveloping specific approaches to explore the mechanistic,i.e. ultimately the molecular-biological, causesof skincancers and others. In addition, the experimentalutilization ofoncogens and of other techniques of molecularbiology at all levels of the biology of tissues and cells,may open up entirely new facets in the research on skincancer. Detailed knowledge of the mechanistic aspects ofskin carcinogenesis may give important hints with respect to`tailor-make`and utilize new anti-tumor agents in thetherapy of skincancer for the benefit of the cancerpatient.
The detection of cancer risk factors and their possible avoid ance would most effectively contribute to the fight against cancer. Research in these areas depends to a substantial degree on in vivo experimental animal models and on epide miologic studies, including data from cancer registries. When the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum was founded in 1964, its division "Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis" and a number of other divisions became engaged in research on chemical carcinogenesis of the skin, mainly using the mouse skin as an experimental model. Their interest orig inated in part from investigations of the new and at that time controversial pathogenic principle of conditional car cinogens as represented by certain tumor promoters which are per se noncarcinogenic. During the past 25 years, conditional carcinogens in terms of tumor promoters were established as anew, nonclassical category of cancer risk factors besides the classical solitary carcinogens. In the course of this exciting period, scientists of our center started cooperative programs with clinical dermato logists of the University of Heidelberg at the Clinics of Dermatology in Heidelberg and Mannheim, to extend the scope of their investigations into clinical oncology and to contribute by experimental approaches to solving problems in clinical oncology. This led to a gradual shift from mere animal studies to the more direct analyses of human tumors and opened up for us a new phase of research.
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