Preparation of Cu-Sn-S Thin Films for Solar Cell Application

Preparation of Cu-Sn-S Thin Films for Solar Cell Application

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The most popular polycrystalline thin film solar cells such as CdTe and Cu(In, Ga)Se2 showed high photovoltaic conversion efficiencies of 22.1% and 22.6%, respectively. However, the aforementioned absorber layers contain scarce (In, Ga, Se, and Te) and highly toxic (Cd, Se, and Te) elements which limit their future prospects. Due to this, researchers developed a new and promising absorber material, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), but the deposition of single-phase CZTS thin films is difficult due to its complex structure. In addition, suppression and detection of secondary phases (Cu-S, Zn-S, Sn-S, and Cu-S...